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Mourad AAE, Khodir AE, Saber S, Mourad MAE. Novel Potent and Selective DPP-4 Inhibitors: Design, Synthesis and Molecular Docking Study of Dihydropyrimidine Phthalimide Hybrids. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:144. [PMID: 33670273 DOI: 10.3390/ph14020144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 02/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors have emerged as anti-hyperglycemic agents that improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetic patients, either as monotherapy or in combination with other antidiabetic drugs. Methods: A novel series of dihydropyrimidine phthalimide hybrids was synthesized and evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo DPP-4 inhibition activity and selectivity using alogliptin as reference. Oral glucose tolerance test was assessed in type 2 diabetic rats after chronic treatment with the synthesized hybrids ± metformin. Cytotoxicity and antioxidant assays were performed. Additionally, molecular docking study with DPP-4 and structure activity relationship of the novel hybrids were also studied. Results: Among the synthesized hybrids, 10g, 10i, 10e, 10d and 10b had stronger in vitro DPP-4 inhibitory activity than alogliptin. Moreover, an in vivo DPP-4 inhibition assay revealed that 10g and 10i have the strongest and the most extended blood DPP-4 inhibitory activity compared to alogliptin. In type 2 diabetic rats, hybrids 10g, 10i and 10e exhibited better glycemic control than alogliptin, an effect that further supported by metformin combination. Finally, 10j, 10e, 10h and 10d had the highest radical scavenging activity in DPPH assay. Conclusions: Hybrids 10g, 10i and 10e are potent DPP-4 inhibitors which may be beneficial for T2DM treatment.
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Mourad AAE, Mourad MAE. Enhancing insulin sensitivity by dual PPARγ partial agonist, β-catenin inhibitor: Design, synthesis of new αphthalimido-o-toluoyl2-aminothiazole hybrids. Life Sci 2020; 259:118270. [PMID: 32814067 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Partial PPARγ agonists attracted substantially heightened interest as safer thiazolidinediones alternatives. On the other hand, Wnt/β-catenin antagonists have been highlighted as promising strategy for type 2 diabetes management via up-regulating PPARγ gene expression. We aimed at synthesizing novel partial PPARγ agonists with β-catenin inhibitory activity which could enhance insulin sensitivity and avoid the side effects of full PPARγ agonists. MAIN METHODS We synthesized novel series of α-phthlimido-o-toluoyl-2-aminothiazoles hybrids for evaluating their antidiabetic activity and discovering its mechanistic pathway. We assessed effect of the new hybrids on PPARγ activation using a luciferase reporter assay system. Moreover, intracellular triglyceride levels, gene levels of c/EBPα, PPARγ and PPARγ targets including GLUT4, adiponectin, aP2 were measured in 3T3-L1 cells. Uptake of 2-DOG together with PPARγ and β-catenin protein levels were evaluated in 3T3-L1cells. In addition, molecular docking studies with PPARγ LBD, physicochemical properties and structure activity relationship of the novel hybrids were also studied. KEY FINDINGS Three of the synthesized hybrids showed partial PPARγ agonistic activity and distinct PPARγ binding pattern. These compounds modulated PPARγ gene expression and PPARγ target genes; and increased glucose uptake in 3T3-L1 and slightly induced adipogenesis compared to rosiglitazone. Moreover, these compounds reduced β-catenin protein level which reflected in increased both PPARγ gene and protein levels that leads to improved insulin sensitivity and increased GLUT4 and adiponectin gene expression. SIGNIFICANCE Our synthesized compounds act as novel partial PPARγ agonists and β-catenin inhibitors that have potent insulin sensitizing activity and mitigate the lipogenic side effects of TZDs.
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Almeida ML, Oliveira MC, Pitta IR, Pitta MG. Advances in Synthesis and Medicinal Applications of Compounds Derived from Phthalimide. Curr Org Synth 2020; 17:252-270. [DOI: 10.2174/1570179417666200325124712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 02/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Phthalimide derivatives have been presenting several promising biological activities in the literature,
such as anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antitumor, antimicrobial and anticonvulsant. The most well-known and
studied phthalimide derivative (isoindoline-1,3-dione) is thalidomide: this compound initially presented
important sedative effects, but it is now known that thalidomide has effectiveness against a wide variety of
diseases, including inflammation and cancer. This review approaches some of the recent and efficient chemical
synthesis pathways to obtain phthalimide analogues and also presents a summary of the main biological
activities of these derivatives found in the literature. Therefore, this review describes the chemical and
therapeutic aspects of phthalimide derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcel L. Almeida
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Maria C.V.A. Oliveira
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Ivan R. Pitta
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
| | - Marina G.R. Pitta
- Nucleus of Research in Therapeutical Innovation Suely Galdino (NUPIT SG), Bioscience Center, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Brazil
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Bhat MA, Al-omar MA, Naglah AM, Al-dhfyan A. Biginelli Synthesis of Novel Dihydropyrimidinone Derivatives Containing Phthalimide Moiety. J CHEM-NY 2020; 2020:1-5. [DOI: 10.1155/2020/4284628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A new series of novel Biginelli compounds, 5-benzoyl-substituted phenyl-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2(1H)-one-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (1−10), were synthesized from enaminone, 2-{4-[(2E)-3-(dimethylamino)prop-2-enoyl]phenyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (IV), which was synthesized by refluxing 2-(4-acetylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (III), with dimethylformamide-dimethylacetal (DMF-DMA) without solvent for 12 h. The compound 2-(4-acetylphenyl)-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (III) was obtained by reacting phthalic anhydride (I) with para-aminoacetophenone (II) in glacial acetic acid for 2 h. The dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing phthalimide moiety (1–10) were obtained by reacting enaminone, 2-{4-[(2E)-3-(dimethylamino) prop-2-enoyl] phenyl}-1H-isoindole-1,3(2H)-dione (IV), with urea and different substituted benzaldehydes in the presence of glacial acetic acid for 3 h. Simple and efficient method was employed to synthesize the dihydropyrimidinone derivatives containing phthalimide moiety. Structures of all the synthesized compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods.
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Mercurio A, Sharples L, Corbo F, Franchini C, Vacca A, Catalano A, Carocci A, Kamm RD, Pavesi A, Adriani G. Phthalimide Derivative Shows Anti-angiogenic Activity in a 3D Microfluidic Model and No Teratogenicity in Zebrafish Embryos. Front Pharmacol 2019; 10:349. [PMID: 31057399 PMCID: PMC6479179 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2019.00349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Angiogenesis is a crucial event for tumor progression and metastasis. It is the process through which new blood vessels are formed and has become a therapeutic target in many cancer therapies. However, current anti-angiogenic drugs such as Thalidomide still have detrimental teratogenic effects. This property could be caused by the presence of chiral carbons, intrinsic to such compounds. We synthesized four different phthalimide derivatives that lack chiral carbons in their chemical structure. We hypothesized that these achiral carbon compounds would retain similar levels of anti-angiogenic activity whilst reducing teratogenic effects. We tested for their anti-angiogenic functions using an in vitro 3D microfluidic assay with human endothelial cells. All four compounds caused a drastic inhibition of angiogenesis at lower effective concentrations compared to Thalidomide. Quantification of the blood vessel sprouting in each condition allowed us to classify compounds depending on their anti-angiogenic capabilities. The most effective identified compound (C4), was tested in vivo on a zebrafish embryo model. Blood vessel development was measured using number and lengths of the stalks visible in the fli1a:EGFP transgenic line. Potential teratogenic effects of C4 were monitored over zebrafish embryonic development. The in vivo results confirmed the increased potency of C4 compared to Thalidomide demonstrated by results in embryos exposed to concentrations as low as 0.02 μM. The teratogenic analysis further validated the advantages of using C4 over Thalidomide in zebrafish embryos. This study highlights how the use of in vitro 3D model can allow rapid screening and selection of new and safer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa Mercurio
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Lucy Sharples
- Sheffield Institute of Translational Neuroscience, The University of Sheffield, Sheffield, United Kingdom
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Filomena Corbo
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Carlo Franchini
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Angelo Vacca
- Department of Biomedical Sciences and Human Oncology, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Catalano
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Alessia Carocci
- Department of Pharmacy-Drug Sciences, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Bari, Italy
| | - Roger D Kamm
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Andrea Pavesi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Giulia Adriani
- BioSystems and Micromechanics IRG, Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Singapore, Singapore
- Singapore Immunology Network, Agency for Science, Technology and Research, Singapore, Singapore
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Assis SPDO, Silva MTD, Silva FTD, Sant’Anna MP, Tenório CMBDA, Santos CFBD, Fonseca CSMD, Seabra G, Lima VLM, Oliveira RND. Design and Synthesis of Triazole-Phthalimide Hybrids with Anti-inflammatory Activity. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2019; 67:96-105. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c18-00607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shalom P. de O. Assis
- Laboratório de Síntese de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco
| | - Moara T. da Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
| | - Filipe Torres da Silva
- Laboratório de Síntese de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
- Departamento de Medicina, Universidade Católica de Pernambuco
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Vera L. M. Lima
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco
| | - Ronaldo N. de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Síntese de Compostos Bioativos, Departamento de Química, Universidade Federal Rural de Pernambuco
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Jamaleddini A, Mohammadizadeh MR. Novel and highly efficient synthesis of 3-(alkyl/benzylthio)-9b-hydroxy-1H-imidazo[5,1-a]isoindole-1,5(9bH)-dione derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2016.11.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Casal JJ, Bollini M, Lombardo ME, Bruno AM. Thalidomide analogues: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha inhibitors and their evaluation as anti-inflammatory agents. Eur J Pharm Sci 2015; 83:114-9. [PMID: 26692341 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2015.12.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2015] [Revised: 11/28/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A series of related thalidomide derivatives (2-9) were synthesized by microwave irradiation and evaluated for anti-inflammatory activity. Such activity was assessed in vivo and ex vivo. Compounds 2, 8 and 9 showed the highest levels of inhibition of TNF-α production. On rat paw edema and hyperalgesia assays, compound 9, (1,4-phthalazinedione) demonstrated the highest in vivo anti-inflammatory activity. Thus, compound 9 can be considered as a promising compound to be subjected to further modification to obtain new agents for the treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan José Casal
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariela Bollini
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Elisa Lombardo
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Porfirias y Porfirinas (CIPYP, UBA-CONICET), Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín, Avenida Córdoba 2351, 1120. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
| | - Ana María Bruno
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, 1113. Ciudad Autónoma de Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Chidan Kumar CS, Loh WS, Chandraju S, Win YF, Tan WK, Quah CK, Fun HK. Synthesis, structural and antioxidant studies of some novel N-ethyl phthalimide esters. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0119440. [PMID: 25742494 PMCID: PMC4351070 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0119440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2014] [Accepted: 01/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A series of N-ethyl phthalimide esters 4(a-n) were synthesized and characterized by spectroscopic studies. Further, the molecular structure of majority of compounds were analysed by single crystal X-ray diffraction studies. The X-ray analysis revealed the importance of substituents on the crystal stability and molecular packing. All the synthesized compounds were tested for in vitro antioxidant activity by DPPH radical scavenging, FRAP and CUPRAC methods. Few of them have shown good antioxidant activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- C. S. Chidan Kumar
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Chemistry, Alva’s Institute of Engineering & Technology, Mijar, Karnataka, India
- * E-mail: (CKQ); (CSCK)
| | - Wan-Sin Loh
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Siddegowda Chandraju
- Department of Sugar Technology & Chemistry, University of Mysore, Sir M.V. PG Center, Tubinakere, Karnataka, India
| | - Yip-Foo Win
- Department of Chemical Science, Faculty of Science, Universiti Tunku Abdul Rahman, Perak Campus, Jalan Universiti, Bandar Barat, Perak, Malaysia
| | - Weng Kang Tan
- Klinik Kesihatan Batu Kawa, Jalan Stapok Utara/ Utara, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia
| | - Ching Kheng Quah
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- * E-mail: (CKQ); (CSCK)
| | - Hoong-Kun Fun
- X-ray Crystallography Unit, School of Physics, Universiti Sains Malaysia, Penang, Malaysia
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Ochoa-Terán A, Estrada-Manjarrez J, Martínez-Quiroz M, Landey-Álvarez MA, Alcántar Zavala E, Pina-Luis G, Santacruz Ortega H, Gómez-Pineda LE, Ramírez JZ, Chávez D, Montes Ávila J, Labastida-Galván V, Ordoñez M. A novel and highly regioselective synthesis of new carbamoylcarboxylic acids from dianhydrides. ScientificWorldJournal 2014; 2014:725981. [PMID: 24511299 DOI: 10.1155/2014/725981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Accepted: 11/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A regioselective synthesis has been developed for the preparation of a series of N,N'-disubstituted 4,4'-carbonylbis(carbamoylbenzoic) acids and N,N'-disubstituted bis(carbamoyl) terephthalic acids by treatment of 3,3',4,4'-benzophenonetetracarboxylic dianhydride (1) and 1,2,4,5-benzenetetracarboxylic dianhydride (2) with arylalkyl primary amines (A-N). The carbamoylcarboxylic acid derivatives were synthesized with good yield and high purity. The specific reaction conditions were established to obtain carbamoyl and carboxylic acid functionalities over the thermodynamically most favored imide group. Products derived from both anhydrides 1 and 2 were isolated as pure regioisomeric compounds under innovative experimental conditions. The chemo- and regioselectivity of products derived from dianhydrides were determined by NMR spectroscopy and confirmed by density functional theory (DFT). All products were characterized by NMR, FTIR, and MS.
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Leite ACL, Barbosa FF, Cardoso MVDO, Moreira DRM, Coêlho LCD, da Silva EB, Filho GBDO, de Souza VMO, Pereira VRA, de C. Reis L, Ferreira PMP, Pessoa C, Wanderley AG, Mota FVB, da Silva TG. Phthaloyl amino acids as anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory prototypes. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0730-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Assis SPO, Araújo TG, Sena VLM, Catanho MTJA, Ramos MN, Srivastava RM, Lima VLM. Synthesis, hypolipidemic, and anti-inflammatory activities of arylphthalimides. Med Chem Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-013-0673-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Assis SPDO, da Silva MT, de Oliveira RN, Lima VLDM. Synthesis and anti-inflammatory activity of new alkyl-substituted phthalimide 1H-1,2,3-triazole derivatives. ScientificWorldJournal 2012; 2012:925925. [PMID: 23304092 PMCID: PMC3523591 DOI: 10.1100/2012/925925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Four new 1,2,3-triazole phthalimide derivatives with a potent anti-inflammatory activity have been synthesized in the good yields by the 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction from N-(azido-alkyl)phthalimides and terminal alkynes. The anti-inflammatory activity was determined by injecting carrageenan through the plantar tissue of the right hind paw of Swiss white mice to produce inflammation. All the compounds 3a-c and 5a-c exhibited an important anti-inflammatory activity; the best activity was found for the compounds 3b and 5c, which showed to be able to decrease by 69% and 56.2% carrageenan-induced edema in mice. These compounds may also offer a future promise as a new anti-inflammatory agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shalom Pôrto de Oliveira Assis
- Laboratório de Química e Metabolismo de Lipídeos e Lipoproteínas, Departamento de Bioquímica, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco (UFPE), Avenida Prof. Moraes Rego s/n, 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
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Abdel-Aziz AAM, El-Azab AS, Attia SM, Al-Obaid AM, Al-Omar MA, El-Subbagh HI. Synthesis and biological evaluation of some novel cyclic-imides as hypoglycaemic, anti-hyperlipidemic agents. Eur J Med Chem 2011; 46:4324-9. [PMID: 21783284 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2011.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2011] [Revised: 05/13/2011] [Accepted: 07/02/2011] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Certain new halogenated cyclic-imides related to N-substituted phthalimide moiety were synthesized. Spacers of one or two carbon atom distances were inserted to connect the N-terminus of the cyclic-imide nuclei to the used heteroaryl groups to evaluate the effect of such alteration on biological activity. The synthesized compounds were subjected to hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidemic evaluation. Some of the tested compounds proved to be more potent than the reference drugs glibenclamide and clofibrate. Compound 5e remarkably reduced serum glucose level by 55%; while 5c, 5e, 7d and 8e reduced total serum cholesterol by 58, 56, 54 and 53%, respectively. Those new cyclic-imides could be considered as useful template for future development to obtain more potent hypoglycaemic and anti-hyperlipidemic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Baathulaa K, Xu Y, Qian X. Unusual large Stokes shift and solvatochromic fluorophore: Synthesis, spectra, and solvent effect of 6-substituted 2,3-naphthalimide. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2010; 216:24-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2010.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Chen DC, Ye HQ, Wu H. Ionic liquid [bmim][BF4] acts as solvent and promoter for synthesis of halo-containing N-arylphthalimides. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2006.11.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Iriepa I, Javier Villasante F, Gálvez E, Herrera A, Sánchez A, Cano F. Synthesis, structural and conformational study of selected N-substituted phthalimides. OPEN CHEM 2005; 3:683-704. [DOI: 10.2478/bf02475197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractThis paper synthesizes N-substituted phthalimides derived from nitrogen heterocycles as potential 5-HT4 ligands by using the Mitsunobu reaction. Conformational studies of some of the new compounds have been conducted using 1H and 13C-NMR spectroscopy. Proton and carbon resonances were achieved through the application of one-dimensional selective NOE, two-dimensional NMR techniques-homonuclear COSY-45, NOESY and heteronuclear 1H-13C HMQC correlated spectroscopy- and double resonance experiments. The crystal structure of compound 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction.
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