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Lamichhane S, Rai RP, Khatri A, Adhikari R, Shrestha BG, Shrestha SK. Screening of phytochemicals as potential anti-breast cancer agents targeting HER2: an in-silico approach. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2023; 41:897-911. [PMID: 34957911 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.2014972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most common cancer among women around the world. Human Epidermal growth factor Receptor-2 (HER2) is a membrane tyrosine kinase overexpressed in 30% of human breast cancers; thus, it serves as an important drug target. Currently available HER2 inhibitor lapatinib targets the ATP binding site of the cytoplasmic kinase domain, blocking autophosphorylation and activation of HER-2. However, it causes side effects like diarrhea, nausea, rash and possible liver toxicity. As phytochemicals have fewer side effects and are relatively affordable, they offer an effective alternative. Hence, we aimed to identify potential phytochemicals that could act as HER2 inhibitors employing computational methods such as molecular docking, molecular dynamic simulation, and ADMET prediction. Out of 1500 phytochemicals docked to the ATP binding site of the HER2 kinase domain, luxenchalcone, rhinacanthin Q, subtrifloralacton D, and 7,7″-dimethyllanaraflavone exhibited higher binding affinity than the reference inhibitor and satisfied the Lipinski's rule of five. Analysis of molecular dynamics simulation trajectory showed that Rhinacanthin Q, subtrifloralacton D, and 7,7″-dimethyllanaraflavone formed a stable and compact complex without vast conformational fluctuations. MM/PBSA binding free energy analysis revealed that Rhinacanthin Q, subtrifloralacton D, and 7,7″-dimethyllanaraflavone have high binding affinity to HER2. Therefore, Rhinacanthin Q, subtrifloralacton D, and 7,7″-dimethyllanaraflavone could be potential bioactive molecules to act as inhibitor of HER2 protein. Eventually, experimental studies are needed to evaluate the potentials of these phytochemicals further. The development of drug for HER2 positive breast cancer could be accelerated with the findings of our research. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Raj Prateek Rai
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
| | - Amar Khatri
- Department of Biotechnology, Kathmandu University, Dhulikhel, Nepal
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Maki P, Itharat A, Thongdeeying P, Tuy-On T, Kuropakornpong P, Pipatrattanaseree W, Mingmalairak C, Davies NM. Ethnopharmacological nexus between the traditional Thai medicine theory and biologically based cancer treatment. J Ethnopharmacol 2022; 287:114932. [PMID: 34953977 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2021.114932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2021] [Revised: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 12/19/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The two major theories utilized for diagnosis and treatment in Traditional Thai Medicine (TTM) are the Four Element Theory and the Herbal Flavor Theory. A TTM "Poh-Pu" Remedy has been effectively utilized in Thailand for cancer therapy for centuries. AIMS OF STUDY To investigate anti-inflammatory activity and liver cancer cytotoxicity of Poh-Pu remedy. To determine relationships between the TTM Herbal Flavor theory and the Four Element theory and total flavonoid content and biological activities of Poh-Pu Remedy plant extracts. MATERIALS AND METHODS Each plant ingredient was macerated with 95% ethanol. The extracts were investigated for cytotoxic activity against liver cancer using a sulforhodamine B assay, and anti-inflammatory activity was evaluated by inhibition of nitric oxide production. The total flavonoid content was determined by an aluminum chloride colorimetric assay. The relationships between the TTM theories, total flavonoid content, and biological activities were evaluated by correlation and cluster analysis. RESULTS Mammea siamensis exerted potent cytotoxicity against hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2) cell lines with an IC50 of 3.15 ± 0.16 μg/mL and low cytotoxicity to the non-cancerous cells (HaCat) with an IC50 33.39 ± 0.40 μg/mL (Selective index (SI) = 10.6). Tiliacora triandra was selectively cytotoxic to cholangiocarcinama (KKU-M156) cells with an IC50 of 12.65 ± 0.92 μg/mL (SI = 6.4). Curcuma comosa was the most potent anti-inflammatory inhibitor of nitric oxide production with an IC50 of 2.75 ± 0.34 μg/mL. Campomanesia aromatica exhibited the highest total flavonoid content of 259.7 ± 3.21 mg quercetin equivalent/g. Pungent plants were most prevalent in the TTM remedy. CONCLUSION Pungent, fragrant, bitter and nauseating plants utilized in TTM cancer remedy were successfully investigated and identified several lead plants and components with cytotoxic and antiinflammatory activity that require further study. The TTM wind element theory appeared to be aligned with cancer-related activity. Biological activity results of taste from herbs related with The TTM Herbal Flavor theory. The extra-oral locations of flavor receptors are a promising target for biological activity of TTM which require further scrutiny and identified several lead plants and components with cytotoxic and antiinflammatory activities that also require further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ponlawat Maki
- Student of Doctor of Philosophy (Applied Thai Traditional Medicine), Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Arunporn Itharat
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Pakakrong Thongdeeying
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Department of Applied Thai Traditional Medicine, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand; Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Thammarat Tuy-On
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Pranporn Kuropakornpong
- Center of Excellence in Applied Thai Traditional Medicine Research, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Weerachai Pipatrattanaseree
- Regional Medical Science Center 12 Songkhla, Department of Medical Sciences, Ministry of Public Health, Songkhla, 90100, Thailand.
| | - Chatchai Mingmalairak
- Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University (Rangsit Campus), Department of Surgery and Research Group in Thai Herbs and Traditional Remedy for Cancer Patients, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Neal M Davies
- Faculty of Pharmacy & Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada.
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Brimson JM, Prasanth MI, Malar DS, Brimson S, Tencomnao T. Rhinacanthus nasutus "Tea" Infusions and the Medicinal Benefits of the Constituent Phytochemicals. Nutrients 2020; 12:E3776. [PMID: 33317106 DOI: 10.3390/nu12123776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (Acanthaceae) (Rn) is an herbaceous shrub native to Thailand and much of South and Southeast Asia. It has several synonyms and local or common names. The root of Rn is used in Thai traditional medicine to treat snake bites, and the roots and/or leaves can be made into a balm and applied to the skin for the treatment of skin infections such as ringworm, or they may be brewed to form an infusion for the treatment of inflammatory disorders. Rn leaves are available to the public for purchase in the form of “tea bags” as a natural herbal remedy for a long list of disorders, including diabetes, skin diseases (antifungal, ringworm, eczema, scurf, herpes), gastritis, raised blood pressure, improved blood circulation, early-stage tuberculosis antitumor activity, and as an antipyretic. There have been many studies investigating the roles of Rn or compounds isolated from the herb regarding diseases such as Alzheimer’s and other neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, diabetes and infection with bacteria, fungi or viruses. There have, however, been no clinical trials to confirm the efficacy of Rn in the treatment of any of these disorders, and the safety of these teas over long periods of consumption has never been tested. This review assesses the recent research into the role of Rn and its constituent compounds in a range of diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
| | - James E. Keach
- Research and Horticulture Department, Gardens by the Bay
| | - Pharkphoom Panichayupakaranant
- Department of Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Botany, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
- Phytomedicine and Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Excellence Center, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Prince of Songkla University
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Ngoc TM, Phuong NTT, Khoi NM, Park S, Kwak HJ, Nhiem NX, Trang BTT, Tai BH, Song JH, Ko HJ, Kim SH. A new naphthoquinone analogue and antiviral constituents from the root of Rhinacanthus nasutus. Nat Prod Res 2018; 33:360-366. [DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2018.1452004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tran Minh Ngoc
- National Institute of Medicinal Materials, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | | | - SeonJu Park
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Hee Jae Kwak
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
| | - Nguyen Xuan Nhiem
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | | | - Bui Huu Tai
- Institute of Marine Biochemistry, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Jae-Hyoung Song
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun-Jeong Ko
- College of Pharmacy, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yonsei Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon, Korea
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Zhou D, Yu X, Zhang J, Wang W, Xie H. Organocatalytic Asymmetric Formal [4 + 2] Cycloaddition of in Situ Oxidation-Generated ortho-Quinone Methides and Aldehydes. Org Lett 2017; 20:174-177. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b03539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ding Zhou
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Xueting Yu
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Wei Wang
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, New Mexico 87131-0001, United States
| | - Hexin Xie
- State
Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, Shanghai Key Laboratory
of New Drug Design, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
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Maarisit W, Yamazaki H, Abdjul DB, Takahashi O, Kirikoshi R, Namikoshi M. A New Pyranonaphtoquinone Derivative, 4-Oxo-rhinacanthin A, from Roots of Indonesian Rhinacanthus nasutus. Chem Pharm Bull (Tokyo) 2017; 65:586-588. [DOI: 10.1248/cpb.c17-00074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wilmar Maarisit
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University
| | - Hiroyuki Yamazaki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Delfly Booby Abdjul
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
- Faculty of Fisheries and Marine Science, Sam Ratulangi University
| | - Ohgi Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Ryota Kirikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
| | - Michio Namikoshi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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Zhang X, Lu F, Chen YK, Luo GG, Jiang LD, Qiao LS, Zhang YL, Xiang YH. Discovery of Potential Orthosteric and Allosteric Antagonists of P2Y1R from Chinese Herbs by Molecular Simulation Methods. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2016; 2016:4320201. [PMID: 27635149 DOI: 10.1155/2016/4320201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Accepted: 07/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
P2Y1 receptor (P2Y1R), which belongs to G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), is an important target in ADP-induced platelet aggregation. The crystal structure of P2Y1R has been solved recently, which revealed orthosteric and allosteric ligand-binding sites with the details of ligand-protein binding modes. And it suggests that P2Y1R antagonists, which recognize two distinct sites, could potentially provide an efficacious and safe antithrombotic profile. In present paper, 2D similarity search, pharmacophore based screening, and molecular docking were used to explore the potential natural P2Y1R antagonists. 2D similarity search was used to classify orthosteric and allosteric antagonists of P2Y1R. Based on the result, pharmacophore models were constructed and validated by the test set. Optimal models were selected to discover potential P2Y1R antagonists of orthosteric and allosteric sites from Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). And the hits were filtered by Lipinski's rule. Then molecular docking was used to refine the results of pharmacophore based screening and analyze the binding mode of the hits and P2Y1R. Finally, two orthosteric and one allosteric potential compounds were obtained, which might be used in future P2Y1R antagonists design. This work provides a reliable guide for discovering natural P2Y1R antagonists acting on two distinct sites from TCM.
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Ho NH, Inbaraj BS, Chen BH. Utilization of Microemulsions from Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz to Improve Carotenoid Bioavailability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:25426. [PMID: 27150134 DOI: 10.1038/srep25426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2015] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids have been known to reduce the risk of several diseases including cancer and cardiovascular. However, carotenoids are unstable and susceptible to degradation. Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz (R. nasutus), a Chinese medicinal herb rich in carotenoids, was reported to possess vital biological activities such as anti-cancer. This study intends to isolate carotenoids from R. nasutus by column chromatography, identify and quantify by HPLC-MS, and prepare carotenoid microemulsions for determination of absolute bioavailability in rats. Initially, carotenoid fraction was isolated using 250 mL ethyl acetate poured into an open-column packed with magnesium oxide-diatomaceous earth (1:3, w/w). Fourteen carotenoids including internal standard β-apo-8′-carotenal were resolved within 62 min by a YMC C30 column and gradient mobile phase of methanol-acetonitrile-water (82:14:4, v/v/v) and methylene chloride. Highly stable carotenoid microemulsions were prepared using a mixture of CapryolTM90, Transcutol®HP, Tween 80 and deionized water, with the mean particle being 10.4 nm for oral administration and 10.7 nm for intravenous injection. Pharmacokinetic study revealed that the absolute bioavailability of carotenoids in microemulsions and dispersion was 0.45% and 0.11%, respectively, while a much higher value of 6.25% and 1.57% were shown for lutein, demonstrating 4-fold enhancement in bioavailability upon incorporation of R. nasutus carotenoids into a microemulsion system.
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Kotewong R, Pouyfung P, Duangkaew P, Prasopthum A, Rongnoparut P. Synergy between rhinacanthins from Rhinacanthus nasutus in inhibition against mosquito cytochrome P450 enzymes. Parasitol Res 2015; 114:2567-79. [PMID: 25869958 DOI: 10.1007/s00436-015-4461-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Accepted: 04/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The cytochrome P450 monooxygenases play a major role in insecticide detoxification and become a target for development of insecticide synergists. In this study, a collection of rhinacanthins (rhinacanthin-D, -E, -G, -N, -Q, and -H/I) purified from Rhinacanthus nasutus, in addition to previously purified rhinacanthin-B and -C, were isolated. These compounds displayed various degrees of inhibition against benzyloxyresorufin-O-debenzylation mediated by CYP6AA3 and CYP6P7 which were implicated in pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles minimus malaria vector. Inhibition modes and kinetics were determined for each of rhinacanthins. Cell-based inhibition assays by rhinacanthins employing 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y-l)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity test were explored their synergistic effects with cypermethrin toxicity on CYP6AA3- and CYP6P7-expressing Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells. Rhinacanthin-B, -D, -E, -G, and -N exhibited mechanism-based inhibition against CYP6AA3, an indication of irreversible inhibition, while rhinacanthin-B, -D, -G, and -N were mechanism-based inhibitors of CYP6P7. There was structure-function relationship of these rhinacanthins in inhibition effects against both enzymes. In vitro enzymatic inhibition assays revealed that there were synergistic interactions among rhinacanthins, except rhinacanthin-B and -Q, in inhibition against both enzymes. These rhinacanthins exerted synergism with cypermethrin toxicity on Sf9 cells expressing each of the two P450 enzymes via P450 inhibition and in addition could interact in synergy to further increase cypermethrin toxicity. The inhibition potentials, synergy among rhinacanthins in inhibition against the P450 detoxification enzymes, and synergism with cypermethrin toxicity of the R. nasutus constituents of reported herein could be beneficial to implement effective resistance management of mosquito vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rattanawadee Kotewong
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Phyatai, Bangkok, 10400, Thailand
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Huang R, Lu Y, Inbaraj BS, Chen B. Determination of phenolic acids and flavonoids in Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) kurz by high-performance-liquid-chromatography with photodiode-array detection and tandem mass spectrometry. J Funct Foods 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2014.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Kongkathip N, Pradidphol N, Hasitapan K, Kongkathip B. Synthesis and Anticancer Evaluation of Naphthoquinone Esters with 2′-Cyclopentyl and 2′-Cyclohexyl Substituents. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2014; 74:1205-14. [DOI: 10.1271/bbb.90946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Cheruvathur MK, Thomas TD. Shoot organogenesis from root-derived callus of Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz. and assessment of clonal fidelity of micropropagted plants using RAPD analysis. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2013; 172:1172-82. [PMID: 24146370 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-013-0598-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
An efficient regeneration system was established for an ethnomedicinal shrub Rhinacanthus nasutus from root-derived callus organogenesis. The root segments were cultured on MS medium supplemented with various concentrations of Kn (1.0-4.0 μM) alone or in combination with IBA (0.2-0.6 μM) or 2, 4-D (0.5-1.5 μM). The optimum frequency (94%) of callus induction was recorded on MS medium supplemented with 3.0 μM Kn and 0.4 μM IBA. For shoot regeneration from callus, MS medium supplemented with different concentrations (1.0-7.0 μM) of BA or TDZ alone or in combination with NAA (0.2-1.0 μm) was employed. The highest frequency of shoot regeneration (91%) and mean number of shoots (28.3) were observed on MS medium supplemented with 5.0 μM BA and 0.7 μM NAA. The shoots were excised and cultured on MS medium with 4.0 μM IBA produced 3.4 roots per shoot in 88% cultures. Of the 65 plants transferred to soil 54 survived (83%). The plants were transferred to field after successful hardening. RAPD analysis of the regenerated plants showed high similarity with the mother plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meena K Cheruvathur
- Post Graduate and Research Department of Botany, St. Thomas College, Pala, Arunapuram (P.O), 686574, Kottayam, Kerala, India
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Kongkathip B, Akkarasamiyo S, Hasitapan K, Sittikul P, Boonyalai N, Kongkathip N. Synthesis of novel naphthoquinone aliphatic amides and esters and their anticancer evaluation. Eur J Med Chem 2013; 60:271-84. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2012] [Revised: 11/16/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Boonyalai N, Sittikul P, Pradidphol N, Kongkathip N. Biophysical and molecular docking studies of naphthoquinone derivatives on the ATPase domain of human topoisomerase II. Biomed Pharmacother 2012; 67:122-8. [PMID: 23089478 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2012.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2012] [Accepted: 08/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous naphthoquinone derivatives, such as rhinacanthins function as anticancer drugs, which target hTopoII. The structure of hTopoII contains both an ATPase domain and a DNA binding domain. Several drugs bind to either one or both of these domains, thus modifying the activity of hTopoII. The naphthoquinone esters and amides used in this study showed that their hTopoIIα inhibitory activity was inversely proportional to ATP concentration. In order to better characterize the inhibitory action of these compounds, sufficient quantities of soluble functional hTopoII-ATPase domain were required. Therefore, both the alpha and beta isoforms of the hTopoII-ATPase domain were over-expressed in Escherichia coli. The hTopoIIα-ATPase activity was reduced in the presence of naphthoquinone derivatives. Additionally, a molecular docking study revealed that the selected naphthoquinone ester and amide bind to the ATP-binding domain of hTopoIIα. Collectively, the results here provide for the first time a novel insight into the interaction between naphthoquinone esters and amides, and the ATP-binding domain of hTopoIIα. The further elucidation of the mechanism of action of the naphthoquinone esters and amides inhibitory activity is essential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nonlawat Boonyalai
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Kasetsart University, 50, Phahon Yothin road, Chatuchak, 10900 Bangkok, Thailand.
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Pethuan S, Duangkaew P, Sarapusit S, Srisook E, Rongnoparut P. Inhibition against mosquito cytochrome P450 enzymes by rhinacanthin-A, -B, and -C elicits synergism on cypermethrin cytotoxicity in Spodoptera frugiperda cells. J Med Entomol 2012; 49:993-1000. [PMID: 23025179 DOI: 10.1603/me12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Rhinacanthus nasutus (Acanthaceae) is a shrub reported to contain insecticidal activities. The current study was conducted to determine whether R. nasutus constituents could inhibit benzyloxyresorufin O-debenzylation (BROD) mediated by CYP6AA3 and CYP6P7. Both enzymes have shown pyrethroid degradation activity and been implicated to play role in pyrethroid resistance in Anopheles minumus (Theobald) mosquito, a malaria vector. Three compounds, rhinacanthin-A, -B, and -C that exhibited potent inhibitory activity were isolated and purified from aerial part of R. nasutus. Their kinetic parameters and modes of inhibition were determined. Rhinacanthin-B was the most potent inhibitor in in vitro inhibition assay and exhibited mechanism-based inhibition against both CYP6AA3 and CYP6P7. Rhinacanthin-C which is a major compound of R. nasutus reversibly inhibited both enzymes in vitro with 2-4 folds less inhibitory potency than rhinacanthin-B. In contrast, rhinacanthin-A reversibly inhibited CYP6AA3, but inhibition against CYP6P7 was a mechanism-based inhibition type. Where mechanism-based inhibition was found, the inhibition showed characteristic of time-, concentration-dependence, and requirement of NADPH. Using 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-y-l)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) cytotoxicity assay in intact Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells, the three compounds increased susceptibility of CYP6AA3- and CYP6P7-expressing cells to cypermethrin cytotoxicity because of inhibition effect on mosquito enzymes. The combined inhibition effect on mosquito cytochrome P450 enzyme and synergistic effect on cypermethrin cytotoxicity of the three R. nasutus compounds could be beneficial for resistance management strategies in mosquito vector control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikun Pethuan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Mahidol University, Rama 6 Road, Phyatai, Bangkok 10400, Thailand
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Brimson JM, Brimson SJ, Brimson CA, Rakkhitawatthana V, Tencomnao T. Rhinacanthus nasutus extracts prevent glutamate and amyloid-β neurotoxicity in HT-22 mouse hippocampal cells: possible active compounds include lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol. Int J Mol Sci 2012; 13:5074-97. [PMID: 22606031 DOI: 10.3390/ijms13045074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2012] [Revised: 03/17/2012] [Accepted: 03/20/2012] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The Herb Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, which is native to Thailand and Southeast Asia, has become known for its antioxidant properties. Neuronal loss in a number of diseases including Alzheimer’s disease is thought to result, in part, from oxidative stress. Glutamate causes cell death in the mouse hippocampal cell line, HT-22, by unbalancing redox homeostasis, brought about by a reduction in glutathione levels, and amyloid-β has been shown to induce reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Here in, we show that ethanol extracts of R. nasutus leaf and root are capable of dose dependently attenuating the neuron cell death caused by both glutamate and amyloid-β treatment. We used free radical scavenging assays to measure the extracts antioxidant activities and as well as quantifying phenolic, flavonoid and sterol content. Molecules found in R. nasutus, lupeol, stigmasterol and β-sitosterol are protective against glutamate toxicity.
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Pradidphol N, Kongkathip N, Sittikul P, Boonyalai N, Kongkathip B. First synthesis and anticancer activity of novel naphthoquinone amides. Eur J Med Chem 2012; 49:253-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2012.01.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2011] [Revised: 01/09/2012] [Accepted: 01/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Siriwatanametanon N, Fiebich BL, Efferth T, Prieto JM, Heinrich M. Traditionally used Thai medicinal plants: in vitro anti-inflammatory, anticancer and antioxidant activities. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 130:196-207. [PMID: 20435130 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.04.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2009] [Revised: 04/15/2010] [Accepted: 04/24/2010] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIMS OF THE STUDY In order to assess traditional Thai claims about the therapeutic potential of medicinal plants and to select plants for future phytochemical research, nine plant species with anti-inflammatory uses were selected from Thai textbooks and assessed for their in vitro anti-inflammatory, antiproliferative and antioxidant activities. METHODS Nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) inhibitory effects in stably transfected HeLa cells were determined by luciferase assay, and effects on LPS-induced pro-inflammatory mediators prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), interleukin (IL)-6, IL-1beta, and tumour necrosis factor (TNF)alpha in primary monocytes were assessed by ELISA. Cytotoxic activities were examined against HeLa cells, human leukaemia CCRF-CEM cells and the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 subline using the MTT and XTT tests. However, a redox status has been linked with both inflammation and cancer, antioxidant effects were also assessed using the DPPH, lipid-peroxidation, and Folin-Ciocalteau methods. RESULTS Among all the nine species, Gynura pseudochina var. hispida and Oroxylum indicum showed the most promising NF-kappaB inhibitory effects with the lowest IC(50) values (41.96 and 47.45 microg/ml, respectively). Muehlenbeckia platyclada did not inhibit the NF-kappaB activation but effectively inhibited the release of IL-6, IL-1beta and TNF-alpha with IC(50) values ranging between 0.28 and 8.67 microg/ml. Pouzolzia indica was the most cytotoxic against CCRF-CEM cells and the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (9.75% and 10.48% viability, at 10 microg/ml, respectively). Rhinacanthus nasutus was the most potent cytotoxicity against HeLa cells (IC(50) 3.63 microg/ml) and showed specific cytotoxicity against the multidrug-resistant CEM/ADR5000 cells (18.72% viability at 10 microg/ml, p<0.0001 when compared to its cytotoxicity against CCRF-CEM cells). Moreover, Oroxylum indicum showed a high level of antioxidant activity by inhibiting lipid-peroxidation (IC(50) 0.08 microg/ml). CONCLUSIONS This study provides in vitro evidence for the use of the Thai plants, most importantly Gynura pseudochina var. hispida, Oroxylum indicum and Muehlenbeckia platyclada as Thai anti-inflammatory remedies and these plants are now a priority for further phytochemical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisarat Siriwatanametanon
- Centre for Pharmacognosy and Phytotherapy, The School of Pharmacy, University of London, London, United Kingdom
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Kamaraj C, Rahuman AA, Bagavan A, Elango G, Rajakumar G, Zahir AA, Marimuthu S, Santhoshkumar T, Jayaseelan C. Evaluation of medicinal plant extracts against blood-sucking parasites. Parasitol Res 2010; 106:1403-12. [DOI: 10.1007/s00436-010-1816-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Puttarak P, Charoonratana T, Panichayupakaranant P. Antimicrobial activity and stability of rhinacanthins-rich Rhinacanthus nasutus extract. Phytomedicine 2010; 17:323-7. [PMID: 19879741 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2009.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2009] [Revised: 07/17/2009] [Accepted: 08/31/2009] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Rhinacanthins-rich Rhinacanthus nasutus (RRn) extract was prepared and standardized to contain total rhinacantins not less than 70% w/w. In this study, antimicrobial activities of the RRn extract as well as rhinacanthin-C against Streptococcus mutans, Propionibacterium acnes, Helicobacter pylori, Staphylococcus aureus, S. epidermidis and Candida albicans were evaluated by microdilution assay. It was found that the RRn extract exhibited potent bactericidal activity against S. mutans with MIC and MBC of 4 microg/ml, and potent bacteriostatic activity against S. epidermidis, P. acnes and S. aureus with the MICs of 8-16 microg/ml. However, the RRn extract was not active against C. albicans at concentration up to 2000 microg/ml. The antimicrobial activities of the RRn extract was almost equal to those of rhinacanthin-C. Stability evaluations of the RRn extract through a period of 4 months found that the RRn extracts were stable when kept in a well-closed container protected from light and stored either under 4+/-2 degrees C or 30+/-2 degrees C. The RRn extracts that were exposed to light were not stable after 1 week of storage. Under accelerated conditions at 45 degrees C with 75% relative humidity, the RRn extracts were not stable after 8 weeks of storage. Study on the effect of pH on the stability of the aqueous methanolic solution of the RRn extract found that the solutions were not stable at pH 5.5, pH 7.0, and pH 8.0. However, the rhinacanthin solution at pH 5.5 was more stable than those at pH 7.0 and pH 8.0.
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Hsieh PW, Hsu LC, Lai CH, Wu CC, Hwang TL, Lin YK, Wu YC. Evaluation of the bioactivities of extracts of endophytes isolated from Taiwanese herbal plants. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2009. [DOI: 10.1007/s11274-009-0036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Sharma BK, Singh P, Kumar R, Sharma S. Quantitative structure-activity relationship study of novel rhinacanthins and related naphthoquinone esters as anticancer agents. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2008; 23:50-5. [DOI: 10.1080/14756360701408606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- B. K. Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, S.K. Government College, Sikar, 332 001, India
| | - P. Singh
- Department of Chemistry, S.K. Government College, Sikar, 332 001, India
| | - R. Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, S.K. Government College, Sikar, 332 001, India
| | - Susheela Sharma
- Department of Engineering Chemistry, Sobhasaria Engineering College, Sikar, 332 021, India
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Siripong P, Yahuafai J, Shimizu K, Ichikawa K, Yonezawa S, Asai T, Kanokmedakul K, Ruchirawat S, Oku N. Antitumor Activity of Liposomal Naphthoquinone Esters Isolated from Thai Medicinal Plant: Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:2279-83. [PMID: 17077529 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
We previously observed that rhinacanthins-C, -N and -Q, three main naphthoquinone esters isolated from the roots of Thai medicinal plant; Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ. (Acanthaceae) induced apoptosis of human cervical carcinoma HeLaS3 cells. Since these rhinacanthins showed limited solubility in aqueous medium, we attempted to entrap them into liposomal membrane: Liposomalization enabled injection of the drugs and the drugs were expected to transfer to lipoproteins in the bloodstream. Liposomal formulations of rhinacanthins-C, -N and -Q showed strong antiproliferative activity against HeLaS3 cells with the IC50 values of 32, 17, 70 microM; 19, 17, 52 microM and 2.7, 2.0 and 5.0 microM for the exposure time of 24, 48, and 72 h, respectively. These liposomes suppressed the tumor growth in Meth-A sarcoma-bearing BALB/c mice at the dose of 5.0 mg/kg/d for 10 d. Among rhinacanthins, liposomal rhinacanthin-N significantly suppressed solid tumor growth. Based on these results, our findings demonstrated that rhinacanthin-N suppressed tumor growth in vivo, and suggested that liposomes are useful for preparing injectable formulation of hydrophobic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpun Siripong
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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Siripong P, Yahuafai J, Shimizu K, Ichikawa K, Yonezawa S, Asai T, Kanokmedakul K, Ruchirawat S, Oku N. Induction of Apoptosis in Tumor Cells by Three Naphthoquinone Esters Isolated from Thai Medicinal Plant: Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ. Biol Pharm Bull 2006; 29:2070-6. [PMID: 17015953 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.29.2070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Rhinacanthus nasutus KURZ. (Acanthaceae) has been used as Thai traditional medicine for the treatment of various cancers. Recently, we reported that rhinacanthins, active components of the plant, had antiproliferative activity against human cancer line cells. In the present study, we investigated the growth inhibitory mechanism of rhinacanthins-C, -N and -Q, three main naphthoquinone esters isolated from the roots of R. nasutus KURZ. in human cervical carcinoma (HeLaS3) cells by means of TUNEL staining, DNA fragmentation assay, flow cytometry, and cleavage assay of Asp-Glu-Val-Asp-peptide-nitroanilide, a caspase-3 substrate. After the HeLaS3 cells was exposed with different concentrations of the drugs, rhinacanthins-C, -N and -Q exhibited antiproliferative effects on HeLaS3 cells with the IC50 values of 80, 65, 73 microM; 55, 45, 55 microM; and 1.5, 1.5 and 5.0 microM for 24, 48 and 72 h time points, respectively. Morphological changes showing nuclear fragmentation of rhinacanthins-treated cells were clearly observed after 48 h exposure. Consistent with this observation, the appearance of a ladder formation was also evident with an agarose gel electrophoresis of the extracted DNA. Flow cytometric analysis revealed that rhinacanthin-N caused G2/M arrest of HeLaS3 cells after 24 h incubation, and increased the proportion of sub-G1 hypodiploid cells, apoptotic cells, in the population of HeLaS3 cells after 48 and 72 h incubation. Moreover, the drug treatment markedly elevated the activity of caspase-3. Based on these results, our findings demonstrated for the first time that the inhibitory effects of three main naphthoquinone esters isolated from the roots of R. nasutus KURZ. on the growth of HeLaS3 cells appear to arise from the induction of apoptosis, that might be associated with the activation of caspase-3 pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pongpun Siripong
- Natural Products Research Section, Research Division, National Cancer Institute, Bangkok, Thailand
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. MAS, . NA, . AHK, . AMN. Evaluation of Anti-fungal and Anti-bacterial Activity of a Local Plant Rhinacanthus
nasutus (L.). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.3923/jbs.2004.498.500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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