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Fargier R, Laganaro M. Referential and inferential production across the lifespan: different patterns and different predictive cognitive factors. Front Psychol 2023; 14:1237523. [PMID: 38022984 PMCID: PMC10643179 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1237523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction The ability to speak is grounded in general memory and control processes and likely changes across the lifespan. However, our knowledge on how word production abilities naturally evolve from childhood to old age remains marginally investigated. Our aim was to shed further light on this issue by exploiting the contrast between two ways to elicit word production: referential picture naming and inferential naming from definition. Methods We collected accuracy and production latencies in a picture naming task and in a naming from definition task from 130 participants ranging from 10 to 80 years old. Measures of vocabulary size, digit span memory, semantic and phonemic fluencies and processing speed were also collected. We used multivariate adaptative regression splines and regression models to characterize lifespan patterns of the two tasks. Results Patterns of increase in performance were similar for picture naming and naming from definition only from childhood to young adulthood. In the second half of the lifespan, significant decrease of performance was found in older adults for picture naming (from around 60 years-old) but not for naming from definition. Clearly, word production elicited with an inferential task (naming from definition) yields different age-related patterns than usually described in the literature with a referential task (picture naming). Discussion We discuss how cognitive processes such as visual-conceptual processes and lexical prediction may explain the differential pattern of results in aging in referential and inferential production tasks. We argue for more lifespan studies and the need to investigate language production beyond picture naming, in particular with respect to aging.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marina Laganaro
- Neuropsycholinguistics Laboratory, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
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Jaworska K, Yi F, Ince RAA, van Rijsbergen NJ, Schyns PG, Rousselet GA. Healthy aging delays the neural processing of face features relevant for behavior by 40 ms. Hum Brain Mapp 2019; 41:1212-1225. [PMID: 31782861 PMCID: PMC7268067 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.24869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 10/16/2019] [Accepted: 11/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Fast and accurate face processing is critical for everyday social interactions, but it declines and becomes delayed with age, as measured by both neural and behavioral responses. Here, we addressed the critical challenge of understanding how aging changes neural information processing mechanisms to delay behavior. Young (20-36 years) and older (60-86 years) adults performed the basic social interaction task of detecting a face versus noise while we recorded their electroencephalogram (EEG). In each participant, using a new information theoretic framework we reconstructed the features supporting face detection behavior, and also where, when and how EEG activity represents them. We found that occipital-temporal pathway activity dynamically represents the eyes of the face images for behavior ~170 ms poststimulus, with a 40 ms delay in older adults that underlies their 200 ms behavioral deficit of slower reaction times. Our results therefore demonstrate how aging can change neural information processing mechanisms that underlie behavioral slow down.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katarzyna Jaworska
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Fei Yi
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Robin A A Ince
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | | | - Philippe G Schyns
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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3
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Bruffaerts R, Tyler LK, Shafto M, Tsvetanov KA, Clarke A. Perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects across the adult lifespan. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13771. [PMID: 31551468 PMCID: PMC6760174 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Making sense of the external world is vital for multiple domains of cognition, and so it is crucial that object recognition is maintained across the lifespan. We investigated age differences in perceptual and conceptual processing of visual objects in a population-derived sample of 85 healthy adults (24-87 years old) by relating measures of object processing to cognition across the lifespan. Magnetoencephalography (MEG) was recorded during a picture naming task to provide a direct measure of neural activity, that is not confounded by age-related vascular changes. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate neural responsivity for each individual, namely the capacity to represent visual or semantic information relating to the pictures. We find that the capacity to represent semantic information is linked to higher naming accuracy, a measure of task-specific performance. In mature adults, the capacity to represent semantic information also correlated with higher levels of fluid intelligence, reflecting domain-general performance. In contrast, the latency of visual processing did not relate to measures of cognition. These results indicate that neural responsivity measures relate to naming accuracy and fluid intelligence. We propose that maintaining neural responsivity in older age confers benefits in task-related and domain-general cognitive processes, supporting the brain maintenance view of healthy cognitive ageing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rose Bruffaerts
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Laboratory for Cognitive Neurology, Department of Neurosciences, University of Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
- Neurology Department, University Hospitals Leuven, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Lorraine K Tyler
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK.
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK.
| | - Meredith Shafto
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
| | - Kamen A Tsvetanov
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience (Cam-CAN), University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge, CB2 7EF, UK
| | - Alex Clarke
- Department of Psychology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EB, UK
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4
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Li H, Jia H, Yu D. The influence of vertical disparity gradient and cue conflict on EEG omega complexity in Panum's limiting case. J Neurophysiol 2018; 119:1201-1208. [PMID: 29212918 DOI: 10.1152/jn.00588.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Using behavioral measures and ERP technique, researchers discovered at least two factors could influence the final perception of depth in Panum's limiting case, which are the vertical disparity gradient and the degree of cue conflict between two- and three-dimensional shapes. Although certain event-related potential components have been proved to be sensitive to the different levels of these two factors, some methodological limitations existed in this technique. In this study, we proposed that the omega complexity of EEG signal may serve as an important supplement of the traditional event-related potential technique. We found that the trials with lower vertical gradient disparity have lower omega complexity (i.e., higher global functional connectivity) of the occipital region, especially that of the right-occipital hemisphere. Moreover, for occipital omega complexity, the trials with low-cue conflict have significantly larger omega complexity than those with medium- and high-cue conflict. It is also found that the electrodes located in the middle line of the occipital region (i.e., POz and Oz) are more crucial to the impact of different levels of cue conflict on omega complexity than the other electrodes located in the left- and right-occipital hemispheres. These evidences demonstrated that the EEG omega complexity could reflect distinct neural activities evoked by Panum's limiting case configurations, with different levels of vertical disparity gradient and cue conflict. Besides, the influence of vertical disparity gradient and cue conflict on omega complexity may be regional dependent. NEW & NOTEWORTHY The EEG omega complexity could reflect distinct neural activities evoked by Panum's limiting case configurations with different levels of vertical disparity gradient and cue conflict. The influence of vertical disparity gradient and cue conflict on omega complexity is regional dependent. The omega complexity of EEG signal can serve as an important supplement of the traditional ERP technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huayun Li
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Huibin Jia
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
| | - Dongchuan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Child Development and Learning Science (Ministry of Education), Research Center for Learning Science, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China.,State Key Laboratory of Bioelectronics, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University , Nanjing, Jiangsu , China
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Price D, Tyler LK, Neto Henriques R, Campbell KL, Williams N, Treder M, Taylor JR, Henson RNA. Age-related delay in visual and auditory evoked responses is mediated by white- and grey-matter differences. Nat Commun 2017; 8:15671. [PMID: 28598417 PMCID: PMC5472747 DOI: 10.1038/ncomms15671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Slowing is a common feature of ageing, yet a direct relationship between neural slowing and brain atrophy is yet to be established in healthy humans. We combine magnetoencephalographic (MEG) measures of neural processing speed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measures of white and grey matter in a large population-derived cohort to investigate the relationship between age-related structural differences and visual evoked field (VEF) and auditory evoked field (AEF) delay across two different tasks. Here we use a novel technique to show that VEFs exhibit a constant delay, whereas AEFs exhibit delay that accumulates over time. White-matter (WM) microstructure in the optic radiation partially mediates visual delay, suggesting increased transmission time, whereas grey matter (GM) in auditory cortex partially mediates auditory delay, suggesting less efficient local processing. Our results demonstrate that age has dissociable effects on neural processing speed, and that these effects relate to different types of brain atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Price
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - L. K. Tyler
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - R. Neto Henriques
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
| | - K. L. Campbell
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Harvard, Massachusetts 02138, USA
| | - N. Williams
- Neuroscience Centre, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, FI-00014, Finland
| | - M.S. Treder
- Cambridge Centre for Ageing and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge and MRC Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 3EB, UK
| | - J. R. Taylor
- Division of Neuroscience and Experimental Psychology, School of Psychological Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9PL, UK
| | - R. N. A. Henson
- Medical Research Council, Cognition and Brain Sciences Unit, Cambridge CB2 7EF, UK
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Brenner CA, Rumak SP, Burns AM, Kieffaber PD. The role of encoding and attention in facial emotion memory: An EEG investigation. Int J Psychophysiol 2014; 93:398-410. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2014.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2014] [Revised: 04/29/2014] [Accepted: 06/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
The emotional expression of the face provides an important social signal that allows humans to make inferences about other people's state of mind. However, the underlying brain mechanisms are complex and still not completely understood. Using magnetoencephalography (MEG), we analyzed the spatiotemporal structure of regional electrical brain activity in human adults during a categorization task (faces or hands) and an emotion discrimination task (happy faces or neutral faces). Brain regions that are specifically important for different aspects of processing emotional facial expressions showed interesting hemispheric dominance patterns. The dorsal brain regions showed a right predominance when participants paid attention to facial expressions: The right parietofrontal regions, including the somatosensory, motor/premotor, and inferior frontal cortices showed significantly increased activation in the emotion discrimination task, compared to in the categorization task, in latencies of 350 to 550 ms, while no activation was found in their left hemispheric counterparts. Furthermore, a left predominance of the ventral brain regions was shown for happy faces, compared to neutral faces, in latencies of 350 to 550 ms within the emotion discrimination task. Thus, the present data suggest that the right and left hemispheres play different roles in the recognition of facial expressions depending on cognitive context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nakamura
- Department of Clinical and Experimental Neuroimaging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
- Method and Developmental Group “MEG and EEG: Signal Analysis and Modelling”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Burkhard Maess
- Method and Developmental Group “MEG and EEG: Signal Analysis and Modelling”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas R. Knösche
- Method and Developmental Group “Cortical Networks and Cognitive Functions”, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Angela D. Friederici
- Department of Neuropsychology, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Recently, Rousselet et al. reported a 1 ms/year delay in visual processing speed in a sample of healthy aged 62 subjects (Frontiers in Psychology 2010, 1:19). Here, we replicate this finding in an independent sample of 59 subjects and investigate the contribution of optical factors (pupil size and luminance) to the age-related slowdown and to individual differences in visual processing speed. We conducted two experiments. In experiment 1 we recorded EEG from subjects aged 18–79. Subjects viewed images of faces and phase scrambled noise textures under nine luminance conditions, ranging from 0.59 to 60.8 cd/m2. We manipulated luminance using neutral density filters. In experiment 2, 10 young subjects (age < 35) viewed similar stimuli through pinholes ranging from 1 to 5 mm. In both experiments, subjects were tested twice. We found a 1 ms/year slowdown in visual processing that was independent of luminance. Aging effects became visible around 125 ms post-stimulus and did not affect the onsets of the face-texture ERP differences. Furthermore, luminance modulated the entire ERP time-course from 60 to 500 ms. Luminance effects peaked in the N170 time window and were independent of age. Importantly, senile miosis and individual differences in pupil size did not account for aging differences and inter-subject variability in processing speed. The pinhole manipulation also failed to match the ERPs of old subjects to those of young subjects. Overall, our results strongly suggest that early ERPs to faces (<200 ms) are delayed by aging and that these delays are of cortical, rather than optical origin. Our results also demonstrate that even late ERPs to faces are modulated by low-level factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena M Bieniek
- Institute of Neuroscience and Psychology, College of Medical, Veterinary and Life Sciences, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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9
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Tsujimoto S, Yokoyama T, Noguchi Y, Kita S, Kakigi R. Modulation of neuromagnetic responses to face stimuli by preceding biographical information. Eur J Neurosci 2011; 34:2043-53. [PMID: 22098602 DOI: 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2011.07903.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
When we encode faces in memory, we often do so in association with biographical information regarding the person. To examine the neural dynamics underlying such encoding processes, we devised a face recognition task and recorded cortical activity using magnetoencephalography. The task included two conditions. In the experimental condition, face stimuli were preceded by biographical information regarding the person whose face was to be memorized, whereas in the control condition, nonsense syllables were presented before face stimuli. Behavioral results indicated that the biographical information about a person facilitated the recognition memory of their face. Magnetoencephalography signals showed clear visually evoked magnetic fields mainly in the occipitotemporal cortex, in response to the face stimuli that were to be encoded. The phasic peak was observed at 100-200 ms after onset of a face stimulus, which was followed by late latency deflections (200-400 ms). Comparison of the signal between conditions revealed that the preceding semantic information does modulate the neuromagnetic responses to the face stimuli. This modulation occurred primarily at the late latency component in the sensors over the occipitotemporal cortex. In addition, the effects of conditions were also observed in the signals from more anterior sensors, which occurred earlier than the effects in the occipitotemporal cortex. These results provide insights into the neural dynamics underlying the encoding of faces in association with their biographical information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Tsujimoto
- Developmental Cognitive Neuroscience Laboratory, Graduate School of Human Development and Environment, Kobe University, 3-11 Tsurukabuto, Nada-Ku, Kobe, Japan.
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Deiber M, Rodriguez C, Jaques D, Missonnier P, Emch J, Millet P, Gold G, Giannakopoulos P, Ibañez V. Aging effects on selective attention-related electroencephalographic patterns during face encoding. Neuroscience 2010; 171:173-86. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.08.051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2010] [Revised: 08/17/2010] [Accepted: 08/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Rousselet GA, Gaspar CM, Pernet CR, Husk JS, Bennett PJ, Sekuler AB. Healthy aging delays scalp EEG sensitivity to noise in a face discrimination task. Front Psychol 2010; 1:19. [PMID: 21833194 PMCID: PMC3153743 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2010.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2010] [Accepted: 05/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
We used a single-trial ERP approach to quantify age-related changes in the time-course of noise sensitivity. A total of 62 healthy adults, aged between 19 and 98, performed a non-speeded discrimination task between two faces. Stimulus information was controlled by parametrically manipulating the phase spectrum of these faces. Behavioral 75% correct thresholds increased with age. This result may be explained by lower signal-to-noise ratios in older brains. ERP from each subject were entered into a single-trial general linear regression model to identify variations in neural activity statistically associated with changes in image structure. The fit of the model, indexed by R2, was computed at multiple post-stimulus time points. The time-course of the R2 function showed significantly delayed noise sensitivity in older observers. This age effect is reliable, as demonstrated by test–retest in 24 subjects, and started about 120 ms after stimulus onset. Our analyses suggest also a qualitative change from a young to an older pattern of brain activity at around 47 ± 4 years old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume A Rousselet
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging, Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow Glasgow, UK
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12
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Clapp WC, Gazzaley A. Distinct mechanisms for the impact of distraction and interruption on working memory in aging. Neurobiol Aging 2010; 33:134-48. [PMID: 20144492 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2010.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2009] [Revised: 12/21/2009] [Accepted: 01/11/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Interference is known to negatively impact the ability to maintain information in working memory (WM), an effect that is exacerbated with aging. Here, we explore how distinct sources of interference, i.e., distraction (stimuli to-be-ignored) and interruption (stimuli requiring attention), differentially influence WM in younger and older adults. EEG was recorded while participants engaged in three versions of a delayed-recognition task: no interference, a distracting stimulus, and an interrupting stimulus presented during WM maintenance. Behaviorally, both types of interference negatively impacted WM accuracy in older adults significantly more than younger adults (with a larger deficit for interruptions). N170 latency measures revealed that the degree of processing both distractors and interruptors predicted WM accuracy in both populations. However, while WM impairments could be explained by excessive attention to distractors by older adults (a suppression deficit), impairment induced by interruption were not clearly mediated by age-related increases in attention to interruptors. These results suggest that distinct underlying mechanisms mediate the impact of different types of external interference on WM in normal aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wesley C Clapp
- Departments of Neurology and Physiology, WM Keck Foundation Center for Integrative Neuroscience, University of California, San Francisco, CA 94158, United States
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Rousselet GA, Husk JS, Pernet CR, Gaspar CM, Bennett PJ, Sekuler AB. Age-related delay in information accrual for faces: evidence from a parametric, single-trial EEG approach. BMC Neurosci 2009; 10:114. [PMID: 19740414 PMCID: PMC2746225 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2202-10-114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2009] [Accepted: 09/09/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In this study, we quantified age-related changes in the time-course of face processing by means of an innovative single-trial ERP approach. Unlike analyses used in previous studies, our approach does not rely on peak measurements and can provide a more sensitive measure of processing delays. Young and old adults (mean ages 22 and 70 years) performed a non-speeded discrimination task between two faces. The phase spectrum of these faces was manipulated parametrically to create pictures that ranged between pure noise (0% phase information) and the undistorted signal (100% phase information), with five intermediate steps. Results Behavioural 75% correct thresholds were on average lower, and maximum accuracy was higher, in younger than older observers. ERPs from each subject were entered into a single-trial general linear regression model to identify variations in neural activity statistically associated with changes in image structure. The earliest age-related ERP differences occurred in the time window of the N170. Older observers had a significantly stronger N170 in response to noise, but this age difference decreased with increasing phase information. Overall, manipulating image phase information had a greater effect on ERPs from younger observers, which was quantified using a hierarchical modelling approach. Importantly, visual activity was modulated by the same stimulus parameters in younger and older subjects. The fit of the model, indexed by R2, was computed at multiple post-stimulus time points. The time-course of the R2 function showed a significantly slower processing in older observers starting around 120 ms after stimulus onset. This age-related delay increased over time to reach a maximum around 190 ms, at which latency younger observers had around 50 ms time lead over older observers. Conclusion Using a component-free ERP analysis that provides a precise timing of the visual system sensitivity to image structure, the current study demonstrates that older observers accumulate face information more slowly than younger subjects. Additionally, the N170 appears to be less face-sensitive in older observers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume A Rousselet
- Centre for Cognitive Neuroimaging (CCNi) and Department of Psychology, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.
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Tobimatsu S, Celesia GG. Studies of human visual pathophysiology with visual evoked potentials. Clin Neurophysiol 2006; 117:1414-33. [PMID: 16516551 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2006.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 110] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2005] [Revised: 12/28/2005] [Accepted: 01/11/2006] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Visual evoked potentials (VEPs) offer reproducible and quantitative data on the function of the visual pathways and the visual cortex. Pattern reversal VEPs to full-field stimulation are best suited to evaluate anterior visual pathways while hemi-field stimulation is most effective in the assessment of post-chiasmal function. However, visual information is processed simultaneously via multiple parallel channels and each channel constitutes a set of sequential processes. We outline the major parallel pathways of the visual system from the retina to the primary visual cortex and higher visual areas via lateral geniculate nucleus that receive visual input. There is no best method of stimulus selection, rather visual stimuli and VEPs' recording should be tailored to answer specific clinical and/or research questions. Newly developed techniques that can assess the functions of extrastriate as well as striate cortices are discussed. Finally, an algorithm of sequential steps to evaluate the various levels of visual processing is proposed and its clinical use revisited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shozo Tobimatsu
- Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, Neurological Institute, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, 3-1-1 Maidashi, Higashi-Ku, Fukuoka 812-8582, Japan.
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Nairismägi J, Pitkänen A, Kettunen MI, Kauppinen RA, Kubova H. Status Epilepticus in 12-day-old Rats Leads to Temporal Lobe Neurodegeneration and Volume Reduction: A Histologic and MRI Study. Epilepsia 2006; 47:479-88. [PMID: 16529609 DOI: 10.1111/j.1528-1167.2006.00455.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Whether status epilepticus (SE) in early infancy, rather than the underlying illness, leads to temporal lobe neurodegeneration and volume reduction remains controversial. METHODS SE was induced with LiCl-pilocarpine in P12 rats. To assess acute neuronal damage, brains (five controls, five with SE) were investigated at 8 h after SE by using silver and Fluoro-Jade B staining. Some brains from the early phase were processed for electron microscopy. To assess chronic changes, brains from nine controls and 13 rats with SE at P12 were analyzed after 3 months by using histology and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). RESULTS MRI analysis of the temporal lobe of adult animals with SE at P12 indicated that 23% of the rats had hippocampal, 15% had amygdaloid, and 31% had perirhinal volume reduction. Histologic analysis of sections from the MR-imaged brains correlated with the MRI data. Analysis of neurodegeneration 8 h after SE by using both silver and Fluoro-Jade B staining revealed degenerating neurons located in the same temporal lobe regions as the volume reduction in chronic samples. Electron microscopic analysis revealed irreversible ultrastructural alterations. As with the chronic histologic and MRI findings, interanimal variability was seen in the distribution and severity of acute damage. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that SE at P12 can cause acute neurodegeneration in the hippocampus as well as in the adjacent temporal lobe. It is likely that acute neuronal death contributes to volume reduction in temporal lobe regions that is detected with MRI in a subpopulation of animals in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaak Nairismägi
- Department of Biomedical NMR, Al Virtanen Institute for Molecular Sciences, University of Kuopio, Kuopio, Finland
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Tessitore A, Hariri AR, Fera F, Smith WG, Das S, Weinberger DR, Mattay VS. Functional changes in the activity of brain regions underlying emotion processing in the elderly. Psychiatry Res 2005; 139:9-18. [PMID: 15936178 DOI: 10.1016/j.pscychresns.2005.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2004] [Revised: 11/30/2004] [Accepted: 02/16/2005] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Aging is associated with a decline in both cognitive and motor abilities that reflects deterioration of underlying brain circuitry. While age-related alterations have also been described in brain regions underlying emotional behavior (e.g., the amygdala), the functional consequence of such changes is less clear. To this end, we used blood oxygenation-level dependent (BOLD) functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) to explore age-related changes in brain regions underlying emotion processing. Twelve young (age <30 years) and 14 elderly subjects (age >60 years) were studied with BOLD fMRI during a paradigm that involved perceptual processing of fearful and threatening stimuli. Consistent with previous reports, direct group comparisons revealed relatively increased BOLD fMRI responses in prefrontal cortical regions, including Broca's area, and relatively decreased responses in the amygdala and posterior fusiform gyri in elderly subjects. Importantly, additional analyses using an elderly-specific brain template for spatial normalization of the elderly BOLD fMRI data confirmed these divergent regional response patterns. While there was no difference between groups in accuracy on the task, elderly subjects were significantly slower (delayed reaction times) in performing the task. Our current data suggest that elderly subjects engage a more distributed neocortical network during the perceptual processing of emotional facial expressions. In light of recent converging data from two other studies, our observed effects may reflect age-related compensatory responses and/or alternative strategies in processing emotions, as the elderly appear to engage cognitive/linguistic systems in the context of reduced sensory and/or limbic responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Tessitore
- Clinical Brain Disorders Branch, Genes, Cognition and Psychosis Program, National Institute of Mental Health, National Institutes of Health, 10 Center Drive, Bldg. 10, Room 3C108, Bethesda, MD 20892-1384, USA
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Tobimatsu S. Chapter 8 Visual evoked magnetic fields and magnetic stimulation of visual cortex. Elsevier; 2005. pp. 143-66. [DOI: 10.1016/s1567-4231(09)70205-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
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Harris AM, Duchaine BC, Nakayama K. Normal and abnormal face selectivity of the M170 response in developmental prosopagnosics. Neuropsychologia 2005; 43:2125-36. [PMID: 16243056 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2005.03.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2004] [Revised: 02/11/2005] [Accepted: 03/14/2005] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Developmental prosopagnosia is a lifelong impairment in face recognition despite normal low-level visual processing. Here we used magnetoencephalography (MEG) to examine the M170 response, a component occurring approximately 170 ms after stimulus onset, in a group of five developmental prosopagnosics. In normal subjects, the M170 is "face-selective", with a consistently higher amplitude to faces than to a wide variety of other visual stimulus categories; the N170, a component recorded using event-related potentials (ERP) and thought to be analogous to the M170, also shows this "face selectivity". Two previous ERP studies with developmental prosopagnosics have found attenuation or absence of face selectivity in the N170 response of these subjects [Bentin, S., Deouell, L. Y., and Soroker, N. (1999). Selective visual streaming in face recognition: Evidence from developmental prosopagnosia. Neuroreport, 10, 823-827; Kress, T., and Daum, I. (2003). Event-related potentials reflect impaired face recognition in patients with congenital prosopagnosia. Neuroscience Letters, 352, 133-136]. Three of our developmental prosopagnosic group showed this non-selective pattern at the M170 while the remaining two prosopagnosics were indistinguishable from normal controls. Thus, impaired face recognition is not necessarily correlated with an absence of the "face-selective" M170. Furthermore, ERP recordings collected simultaneously in the two developmental prosopagnosics with seemingly selective M170s also showed N170s within the same normal selective range, demonstrating that the face-selective signals found with MEG are not due to differences between MEG and ERP. While the presence of face selectivity at these neurophysiological markers is insufficient for predicting normal behavioral performance with faces, it could help to distinguish different classes of face recognition deficits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison M Harris
- Vision Science Laboratory, Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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Nakamura A, Maess B, Knösche TR, Gunter TC, Bach P, Friederici AD. Cooperation of different neuronal systems during hand sign recognition. Neuroimage 2004; 23:25-34. [PMID: 15325349 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2004.04.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2003] [Revised: 03/09/2004] [Accepted: 04/28/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Hand signs with symbolic meaning can often be utilized more successfully than words to communicate an intention; however, the underlying brain mechanisms are undefined. The present study using magnetoencephalography (MEG) demonstrates that the primary visual, mirror neuron, social recognition and object recognition systems are involved in hand sign recognition. MEG detected well-orchestrated multiple brain regional electrical activity among these neuronal systems. During the assessment of the meaning of hand signs, the inferior parietal, superior temporal sulcus (STS) and inferior occipitotemporal regions were simultaneously activated. These three regions showed similar time courses in their electrical activity, suggesting that they work together during hand sign recognition by integrating information in the ventral and dorsal pathways through the STS. The results also demonstrated marked right hemispheric predominance, suggesting that hand expression is processed in a manner similar to that in which social signs, such as facial expressions, are processed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akinori Nakamura
- Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany.
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Miki K, Watanabe S, Kakigi R, Puce A. Magnetoencephalographic study of occipitotemporal activity elicited by viewing mouth movements. Clin Neurophysiol 2004; 115:1559-74. [PMID: 15203057 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2004.02.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/03/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We studied the temporal and spatial characteristics of neural responses elicited by viewing mouth movements using magnetoencephalography. METHODS We focused on differences in responses to mouth opening and closing movements by apparent motion, using an averting eyes condition as a control. RESULTS A large clear MEG component, 1 M (mean peak latency of approximately 160 ms), was elicited by both mouth movements. We modeled the neural sources using a brain electric source analysis (BESA) method and placed the sources around: (1) the occipitotemporal border at human MT/V5, (2) the primary visual cortex (V1), and (3) fusiform gyrus. The calculated activity of Source (1) was large whereas the activity of the others was small or negligible. Source (1), as calculated separately for mouth closing and opening movements and eye movement, showed no significant different amplitude and locations. We did not find any activity in the superior temporal sulcus (STS). CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate that human MT/V5 is active in the perception of both mouth and eye motions. Viewing mouth and eye movements elicits no significant differences in MT/V5 activity, indicating that the perception of movement of facial parts is probably processed in the same manner. SIGNIFICANCE Characteristic activities in the human MT/V5 elicited by viewing mouth movement were clarified by MEG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kensaku Miki
- Department of Integrative Physiology, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Okazaki, 444-8585, Japan.
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