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Johnson JB, Ekanayake CP, Caravani F, Mani JS, Lal P, Calgaro SJ, Prasad SS, Warner RD, Naiker M. A Review of Vitamin D and Its Precursors in Plants and Their Translation to Active Metabolites in Meat. Food Reviews International 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/87559129.2021.1936006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joel B. Johnson
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Australia
| | - C. P. Ekanayake
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Applied Sciences, University of Sri Jayewardenepura, Nugegoda, Sri Lanka
| | - Federico Caravani
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Janice S. Mani
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Pawan Lal
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Sarah J. Calgaro
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Australia
| | - Shirtika S. Prasad
- Faculty of Science, Technology and Engineering, the University of the South Pacific, Laucala Campus, Suva, Fiji
| | - Robyn D Warner
- School of Agriculture and Food, Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia
| | - Mani Naiker
- School of Health, Medical & Applied Sciences, CQUniversity, North Rockhampton, Australia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To determine the relationship between plant food consumption and bone mineral density (BMD) in a healthy population when age, gender, BMI and physical activity are accounted for. DESIGN Cross-sectional study. SETTING Participants were recruited from the Sydney Adventist hospital and the University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia. PARTICIPANTS 33 males and 40 females (total n=73) participated in this study. The mean age was 56.1 ± 8.5 years. All participants were non-diabetic and in general good health. MEASUREMENTS A principle component analysis (PCA) was performed on 12 month self-report food intake data, gathered using the Cancer Council Victoria Dietary Questionnaire for Epidemiological Studies Version 2. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was used to measure total BMD. Fasting plasma total protein, calcium and 25-Hydroxy Vitamin D levels were analysed by the Sydney Adventist Hospital pathology laboratory. Anthropometric measures were obtained using a standardized protocol. Self-reported physical activity levels were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS The PCA revealed three principle components. These were termed 'Meat Based', 'Junk Food' and 'Plant Based.' After controlling for age, gender, physical activity and BMI, the Plant Based component correlated positively with BMD (p=0.054, R2=0.439) and T-score (p=0.053, R2=0.221). Using a similar model no association between the Meat Based component and BMD or T-score was found. However, when the Plant Based component was included the Meat Based component correlated positively with BMD (p=0.046, R2=0.474) and T-score (p=0.046, R2=0.279). There was no significant association between the Junk Food component and BMD or T-score. People in the third Plant (927 ± 339 vs 751 ± 255 g/day, p=0.025) and Meat Based (921 ± 270 vs 676 ± 241 g/day, p=0.002) tertile had higher calcium intakes than those in the first. People in the second Plant Based tertile had higher plasma Vitamin D levels than those in the first (63.5 ± 16.8 vs. 52.3 ± 22.1 nmol/L, p=0.053) while those in the third Junk Food tertile had lower levels than those in the first (52.4 ± 18.5 vs. 65.4 ± 19.8 nmol/L, p=0.027). No association between Plant Based tertiles and protein intake was observed, however those in the third Meat Based (99.7 ± 25.1 vs. 50.9 ± 13.8 g/day, p=0.000) and Junk Food (87.4 ± 30.7 vs. 56.6 ± 22.2 g/day, p=0.000) tertile had higher protein intake compared to those in the first tertile. CONCLUSION In a healthy middle aged population with normal BMD, an increase in plant food consumption, either alone or in combination with a diet containing meat, is associated with improved bone mineralisation markers. This positive relationship is most likely due to the extensive range of micronutrients and phytochemicals packaged within plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Berg
- Ross Grant, The University of Sydney Adventist Hospital Clinical School, 185 Fox Valley Rd, Wahroonga, NSW Australia, Phone: +61 2 9487 9602,
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Göring H. Vitamin D in Nature: A Product of Synthesis and/or Degradation of Cell Membrane Components. Biochemistry Moscow 2018; 83:1350-1357. [DOI: 10.1134/s0006297918110056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Silvestro D, Villette C, Delecolle J, Olsen CE, Motawia MS, Geoffroy P, Miesch M, Jensen PE, Heintz D, Schaller H. Vitamin D 5 in Arabidopsis thaliana. Sci Rep 2018; 8:16348. [PMID: 30397227 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-34775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2018] [Accepted: 10/02/2018] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin D3 is a secosterol hormone critical for bone growth and calcium homeostasis, produced in vertebrate skin by photolytic conversion of the cholesterol biosynthetic intermediate provitamin D3. Insufficient levels of vitamin D3 especially in the case of low solar UV-B irradiation is often compensated by an intake of a dietary source of vitamin D3 of animal origin. Small amounts of vitamin D3 were described in a few plant species and considered as a peculiar feature of their phytochemical diversity. In this report we show the presence of vitamin D5 in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana. This plant secosterol is a UV-B mediated derivative of provitamin D5, the precursor of sitosterol. The present work will allow a further survey of vitamin D distribution in plant species.
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Abstract
Vitamin D deficiency is a global concern. Much research has concentrated on the endogenous synthesis of vitamin D in human skin following exposure to ultraviolet-B radiation (UV-B, 280–315 nm). In many regions of the world there is insufficient UV-B radiation during winter months for adequate vitamin D production, and even when there is sufficient UV-B radiation, lifestyles and concerns about the risks of sun exposure may lead to insufficient exposure and to vitamin D deficiency. In these situations, dietary intake of vitamin D from foods or supplements is important for maintaining optimal vitamin D status. Some foods, such as fatty fish and fish liver oils, certain meats, eggs, mushrooms, dairy, and fortified foods, can provide significant amounts of vitamin D when considered cumulatively across the diet. However, little research has focussed on assessing edible plant foods for potential vitamin D content. The biosynthesis of vitamin D in animals, fungi and yeasts is well established; it is less well known that vitamin D is also biosynthesised in plants. Research dates back to the early 1900s, beginning with in vivo experiments showing the anti-rachitic activity of plants consumed by animals with induced rickets, and in vitro experiments using analytical methods with limited sensitivity. The most sensitive, specific and reliable method for measuring vitamin D and its metabolites is by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). These assays have only recently been customised to allow measurement in foods, including plant materials. This commentary focuses on the current knowledge and research gaps around vitamin D in plants, and the potential of edible plants as an additional source of vitamin D for humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucinda J Black
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia.
| | - Robyn M Lucas
- National Centre for Epidemiology and Population Health, Research School of Population Health, The Australian National University, Canberra 0200, Australia.
| | - Jill L Sherriff
- School of Public Health, Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia.
| | - Lars Olof Björn
- Department of Biology, Lund University, SE-223 62 Lund, Sweden.
| | - Janet F Bornman
- International Institute of Agri-Food Security (IIAFS), Curtin University, Bentley 6102, Australia.
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Abstract
While some representatives of the animal kingdom were improving their biological mechanisms and properties for adapting to ever-changing life conditions, the genus Homo was developing backward: human individuals were losing their adaptation to life areas conquered earlier. Losing step-by-step their useful traits including the body hair cover, the primitive genus Homo retained his viability only under very favorable conditions of the equatorial Africa. Protection from UV radiation danger was provided only by pigmentation of skin, hair, and eyes. However, "impoverished" individuals of this genus gained the ability to walk upright. Their hands became free from participation in movement and became fine tools for producing useful instruments, from the stone knife to the computer. The major consequence of upright movement and hand development became the powerful development of the brain. A modern human, Homo sapiens, appeared capable of conquering very diverse new habitats. The human's expansion on the Earth occurred somewhat limited by his dependence on vitamin D. His expansion into new areas with lower Sun activity was partially associated with the loss of skin pigmentation. But there is an open question, whether under these new conditions he is satisfactorily provided with vitamin D. This paper discusses the following problems: how can we ensure a sufficient intake of vitamin D, how much does an individual require for his existence and optimal life, what will be consequences of vitamin D deficiency, and what are the prospects for better provision with vitamin D?
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Affiliation(s)
- H Göring
- Göring Consulting, Berlin, De12555, Germany.
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Norval M, Björn LO. Vitamin D: Photobiological and Ecological Aspects. Photobiology 2015. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-1468-5_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin D was discovered as a result of its ability to cure rickets, but recently a wide range of other functions for it in the human body has been suggested. Vitamin D is not a vitamin in the strict sense as it can be synthesised in the human body following exposure of the skin to ultraviolet radiation. Provitamin D (7-dehydrocholesterol) is converted to previtamin D which is further modified by a series of reactions to the active form, 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D. This Chapter summarises the discovery of vitamin D and reviews the chemistry and photochemistry of its precursors, transformations and metabolites. The production of vitamin D in various human populations is described, and how to assess vitamin D status. The skeletal and non-skeletal effects of vitamin D are discussed, particularly its role in immunomodulation with consequences for protection against a variety of human diseases. The Chapter concludes with evolutionary aspects, the occurrence and role of vitamin D in the plant kingdom, biogeographical considerations, and the nonphotochemical production of vitamin D in certain plants.
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Bachmann H, Autzen S, Frey U, Wehr U, Rambeck W, McCormack H, Whitehead C. The efficacy of a standardised product from dried leaves ofSolanum glaucophyllumas source of 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol for poultry. Br Poult Sci 2013; 54:642-52. [DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2013.825692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Jäpelt RB, Jakobsen J. Vitamin D in plants: a review of occurrence, analysis, and biosynthesis. Front Plant Sci 2013; 4:136. [PMID: 23717318 PMCID: PMC3651966 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2013.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/22/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The major function of vitamin D in vertebrates is maintenance of calcium homeostasis, but vitamin D insufficiency has also been linked to an increased risk of hypertension, autoimmune diseases, diabetes, and cancer. Therefore, there is a growing awareness about vitamin D as a requirement for optimal health. Vitamin D3 is synthesized in the skin by a photochemical conversion of provitamin D3, but the necessary rays are only emitted all year round in places that lie below a 35° latitude. Unfortunately, very few food sources naturally contain vitamin D and the general population as a results fail to meet the requirements. Fish have the highest natural content of vitamin D expected to derive from an accumulation in the food chain originating from microalgae. Microalgae contain both vitamin D3 and provitamin D3, which suggests that vitamin D3 exist in the plant kingdom and vitamin D3 has also been identified in several plant species as a surprise to many. The term vitamin D also includes vitamin D2 that is produced in fungi and yeasts by UVB-exposure of provitamin D2. Small amounts can be found in plants contaminated with fungi and traditionally only vitamin D2 has been considered present in plants. This review summarizes the current knowledge on sterol biosynthesis leading to provitamin D. It also addresses the occurrence of vitamin D and its hydroxylated metabolites in higher plants and in algae and discusses limitations and advantages of analytical methods used in studies of vitamin D and related compounds including recent advances in analytical technologies. Finally, perspectives for a future production of vitamin D biofortified fruits, vegetables, and fish will be presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie B. Jäpelt
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of DenmarkSøborg, Denmark
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Jäpelt RB, Silvestro D, Smedsgaard J, Jensen PE, Jakobsen J. Quantification of vitamin D3 and its hydroxylated metabolites in waxy leaf nightshade (Solanum glaucophyllum Desf.), tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) and bell pepper (Capsicum annuum L.). Food Chem 2012; 138:1206-11. [PMID: 23411232 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.11.064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Revised: 11/09/2012] [Accepted: 11/13/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Changes in vitamin D(3) and its metabolites were investigated following UVB- and heat-treatment in the leaves of Solanum glaucophyllum Desf., Solanum lycopersicum L. and Capsicum annuum L. The analytical method used was a sensitive and selective liquid chromatography electrospray ionisation tandem mass spectrometry (LC-ESI-MS/MS) method including Diels-Alder derivatisation. Vitamin D(3) and 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3) were found in the leaves of all plants after UVB-treatment. S. glaucophyllum had the highest content, 200 ng vitamin D(3)/g dry weight and 31 ng 25-hydroxy vitamin D(3)/g dry weight, and was the only plant that also contained 1,25 dihydroxy vitamin D(3) in both free (32 ng/g dry weight) and glycosylated form (17 ng/g dry weight).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rie Bak Jäpelt
- Division of Food Chemistry, National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Mørkhøj Bygade 19, DK-2860 Søborg, Denmark.
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Jäpelt RB, Silvestro D, Smedsgaard J, Jensen PE, Jakobsen J. LC–MS/MS with atmospheric pressure chemical ionisation to study the effect of UV treatment on the formation of vitamin D3 and sterols in plants. Food Chem 2011; 129:217-25. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2011.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Zhang WJ, Björn LO. The effect of ultraviolet radiation on the accumulation of medicinal compounds in plants. Fitoterapia 2009; 80:207-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2009.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2009] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
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Abstract
The Solanaceae is comprised of some 2500 species of cosmopolitan plants, especially native to the American continent. They have great value as food, like the well-known potato, tomato and eggplants, and medicines, like species of Atropa, Withania and Physalis, but many plants of this family are toxic, and sometimes lethal to mammals, in particular to man. Some of them also produce hallucinations and perceptual changes. The toxic species of this family are characterized by the occurrence of a variety of chemical compounds, some of which are responsible for the toxicity and lethality observed after ingestion, while others are suspected to be toxic. In this review, the following toxic compounds belonging to different members of the Solanaceae family are described: Tropane alkaloids ( Atropa, Datura, Hyoscyamus, Mandragora); pyrrolidine and pyrrolic alkaloids ( Nierembergia, Physalis, Solanum); protoalkaloids ( Nierembergia); glycoalkaloids ( Lycopersicon, Solanum); nicotine ( Nicotiana); cardenolides ( Cestrum, Nierembergia); capsaicinoids ( Capsicum); kaurene-type tetracyclic diterpenes ( Cestrum); steroidal glycosides ( Cestrum, Solanum); 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 and vitamin D3 ( Cestrum, Solanum, Nierembergia); and withasteroids, withanolides ( Withania), and physalins ( Physalis). Other bioactive chemical constituents of members of this family are sugar esters and lectins. Phenylpropanoids are not included in this paper.
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Abstract
Vitamin D signaling is dependent on the availability and turnover of the active Vitamin D receptor (VDR) ligand 1,25-dihydroxycholecalciferol and on the efficiency of VDR transactivation. Activating and inactivating secosteroid metabolizing p450 enzymes, e.g. 25-hydroxylases, 1alpha-hydroxylase and 24-hydroxylase, are responsible for ligand availability on the basis of substrate production in the skin and of nutritional intake of precursors. Net availability of active hormone depends on the delivery of substrate and the balance of activating and inactivating enzymes. 1Alpha-hydroxylase is the critical activating enzyme. It is expressed in the kidney for systemic supply and in target tissues for local secosteroid activation. It is upregulated in the kidney by low calcium intake and parathyroid hormone, downregulated by phosphatonins and proinflammatory signal transduction. Transactivation of VDR depends on the correct molecule structure, effective nuclear translocation and the presence of the unliganded heterodimer partner retinoid X-receptor (RXR) and other nuclear cofactors. Rapid Vitamin D-dependent membrane associated effects and consecutive second messenger activation exert an own pattern of gene regulation. A membrane receptor for these effects is hypothesized but not yet identified. Rickets is the long known clinical syndrome of impaired Vitamin D signaling due to Vitamin D3 deficiency. It can be caused by inherited defects of the cascade, nutritional deficits, lack of sunlight exposure, malabsorption and underlying diseases like chronic inflammation. It has been shown during the last decades that many modifiers of Vitamin D signaling are targets of disease in terms of inherited and acquired syndromes and that Vitamin D signaling is modulated at multiple levels and is more complex than mere mechanistic ligand/receptor/DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Regina Ebert
- Musculosceletal Research Center, Orthopedic Department, University of Wuerzburg, Brettreichstrasse 11, D-97074 Wuerzburg, Germany
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Abstract
The synthesis of mammalian steroid hormones by plants has been reported. However, their physiological role in plants is controversial. The existence of receptor molecules as those of animal cells could provide clues into a possible steroid mechanism of action. Solanum glaucophyllum callus cultures were found to contain not only 17beta-estradiol and estrone but also abundant estrogen binding sites. These sites were specific for 17beta-estradiol ( approximately 550 fmol/mg protein) and could also be competed by the known estrogen receptor (ER) agonist diethylstilbestrol. Antibodies directed against specific sequences of the classical ER alpha isoform, labelled a approximately 67 kDa band which comigrated with the mammalian ER alpha antigen. ER alpha-like proteins were tested positive as estrogen binders in Ligand blot experiments using 17beta-estradiol macromolecular derivatives as ligands. Our results provide first evidences on the existence of estrogen binding proteins structurally related to the mammalian ER alpha subtype in a higher plant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Milanesi
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur., San Juan 670, Bahía Blanca, 8000, Argentina
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Curino A, Milanesi L, Benassati S, Skliar M, Boland R. Effect of culture conditions on the synthesis of vitamin D(3) metabolites in Solanum glaucophyllum grown in vitro. Phytochemistry 2001; 58:81-89. [PMID: 11524117 DOI: 10.1016/s0031-9422(01)00090-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In cultured Solanum glaucophyllum we have recently described the operation of a light-independent pathway of 1alpha,25-dihydroxy-vitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)) biosynthesis which involves similar intermediates as in vertebrates. In this work we investigated factors influencing the formation of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) and related sterols in S. glaucophyllum grown in vitro in darkness. Callus tissue and cells cultured in Murashige and Skoog medium in the absence of light were employed. Lipids were extracted with chloroform-methanol. The remaining water soluble fraction was incubated with beta-glucosidase to release vitamin D(3) compounds from their glycoconjugated derivatives followed by organic solvent extraction. Vitamin D(3) derivatives were isolated by Sephadex LH-20 and high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). HPLC or competitive protein binding assays with intestine 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) receptor and serum vitamin D binding protein were used to quantify the metabolites. The levels of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) in calli varied according to the tissue explant origin, e.g. stem>leaf>fruit. For all organs, the metabolite was mainly present as free sterol (>80% of total). There were larger amounts of 25(OH)D(3) than 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). It was found that Ca(2+), auxin and kinetin are important factors upregulating 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) synthesis in S. glaucophyllum tissue and cells. Irradiation with UV light increased vitamin D(3) but not 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) levels. In agreement with these results, incubation of cells with [3H]25(OH)D(3) revealed a low conversion rate to [3H]1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3). The operation of a light-dependent pathway formation of vitamin D(3) coupled to higher expression of 25(OH)D(3)-1alpha-hydroxylase may account for the large concentrations of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3) normally found in differentiated field-grown plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Curino
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur. San Juan 670, 8000 Bahia Blanca, Argentina
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Wang T, Bengtsson G, Kärnefelt I, Björn LO. Provitamins and vitamins D₂and D₃in Cladina spp. over a latitudinal gradient: possible correlation with UV levels. J Photochem Photobiol B 2001; 62:118-22. [PMID: 11693362 DOI: 10.1016/s1011-1344(01)00160-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Provitamin D2, vitamin D2 and vitamin D3 were identified in the thallus of a lichen species, Cladina arbuscula (Wallr.) Hale and W.L. Culb. The identification of vitamin D3 was supported by: (1) co-chromatography in both reverse and straight phase HPLC (high performance liquid chromatography), (2) ultraviolet absorption spectrum, and (3) molecular ion peaks demonstrated by ESI (electrospray ionisation) mass spectrometry. The contents of vitamin D3 range from 0.67 to 2.04 μg g⁻¹ dry matter in the thalli of C. arbuscula specimens grown under different natural conditions, while provitamin D3 could not be detected. The ranges for provitamin D2 and vitamin D2 were 89-146 and 0.22-0.55 μg g⁻¹ dry matter, respectively, while the contents of provitamin D3 were below the detection limit (0.01 microg g(-1) dry matter). When C. arbuscula thalli collected at different latitudes from northern Finland to Greece were compared, a positive correlation of vitamin D2 and D3 contents with modelled UV-B radiation at the collection sites was found. A single sample of C. rangiferina from northern Finland gave much higher values for the vitamins. A possible reason could be the lower content of UV-B absorbing pigment in the latter species.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Wang
- Department of Plant physiology, Lund University, Sweden
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Skliar M, Curino A, Milanesi L, Benassati S, Boland R. Nicotiana glauca: another plant species containing vitamin D(3) metabolites. Plant Sci 2000; 156:193-199. [PMID: 10936526 DOI: 10.1016/s0168-9452(00)00254-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Vitamin D(3)-related compounds have been detected in various plant species, mostly belonging to the Solanaceae. In this work we show that Nicotiana glauca, a widespread member of this taxonomic family, contains 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D(3) and hydroxylated derivatives bearing precursor-product metabolic relationships in vertebrates. Leaves collected in the field and callus cultures were used. By means of specific radioreceptor binding assays and mass spectrometry of purified fractions obtained from plant tissue lipid extracts by Sephadex LH-20 and Sep-Pak C18 chromatography followed by HPLC, we established the presence of 7-dehydrocholesterol, vitamin D(3), 25(OH)-vitamin D(3) and 1alpha,25(OH)(2)-vitamin D(3) (1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3)), the latter being a hormonally relevant metabolite in animals. These results indicate that N. glauca may represent a useful species in which to characterize the biosynthetic pathway and physiological functions of vitamin D(3) compounds in plants. In addition, tissue culture of N. glauca could become a significant tool for biotechnological production of 1alpha,25(OH)(2)D(3).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Skliar
- Departamento de Biología, Bioquímica y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional del Sur, San Juan 670, (8000), Bahía Blanca, Argentina
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