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Macorig G, Crespel A, Nilo A, Tang NPL, Valente M, Gigli GL, Gélisse P. Benign EEG variants in the sleep-wake cycle: A prospective observational study using the 10-20 system and additional electrodes. Neurophysiol Clin 2021; 51:233-242. [PMID: 33875321 DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2021.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To study the prevalence of benign EEG variants (BEVs) in the sleep-wake cycle among 1163 consecutive patients. METHODS Prospective, observational EEG study using the 10-20 system with systematically two additional anterior-temporal electrodes. Depending on clinical indications, other electrodes were added. REM sleep identification was based on its characteristic EEG grapho-elements and rapid eye movements, clearly detectable with the additional anterior-temporal and fronto-polar electrodes due to eye proximity. The video-EEG monitoring duration was between 24hours and eight days. RESULTS We identified 710 patients (61%) with BEVs. Positive occipital sharp transients of sleep (POSTs) were observed in 36.4% of participants, mu rhythm in 22.4%, lambda waves in 16.7%, wicket spikes (WS) in 15%, 14- and 6-Hz positive bursts in 8.3%, benign sporadic sleep spikes (BSSS) in 3.3%, rhythmic mid-temporal theta burst of drowsiness (RMTD) in 2.15%, midline theta rhythm in 2.1% and six-Hz spike and wave (SW) bursts in 0.1%. WS and RMTD were present during wakefulness, NREM (14.1%, 1.3%, respectively) and REM sleep (3.3%, 1.1%, respectively). Mu rhythm was also observed during NREM (1.5%) and REM sleep (7.7%). Fourteen- and 6-Hz positive bursts were present during NREM (4.5%) and REM sleep (6.5%). BSSS and six-Hz SW bursts were only observed during NREM sleep. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of BEVs is much higher than current estimates. POSTs and WS can no longer be considered as unusual patterns but physiological patterns of NREM sleep. RMTD and mu rhythm may be observed during NREM and REM sleep.
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Affiliation(s)
- Greta Macorig
- Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Epilepsy Unit, Montpellier, France; San Giovanni di Dio Hospital, Neurology Unit, Gorizia, Italy
| | - Arielle Crespel
- Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Epilepsy Unit, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Montpellier, France
| | - Annacarmen Nilo
- Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Epilepsy Unit, Montpellier, France; S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine, Italy
| | | | - Mariarosaria Valente
- S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine, Italy; University of Udine, Department of Medicine, Udine, Italy
| | - Gian Luigi Gigli
- S. Maria della Misericordia University Hospital, Clinical Neurology Unit, Udine, Italy; University of Udine, Department of Mathematics, Computer Science and Physics, Udine, Italy
| | - Philippe Gélisse
- Gui de Chauliac Hospital, Epilepsy Unit, Montpellier, France; Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM), Unité de Recherche sur les Comportements et Mouvements Anormaux, Montpellier, France.
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Horne J. REM sleep vs exploratory wakefulness: Alternatives within adult ‘sleep debt’? Sleep Med Rev 2020; 50:101252. [DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2019.101252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2018] [Revised: 12/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Thimgan MS, Toedebusch C, McLeland J, Duntley SP, Shaw PJ. Excessive daytime sleepiness is associated with changes in salivary inflammatory genes transcripts. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:539627. [PMID: 25873764 DOI: 10.1155/2015/539627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2014] [Revised: 01/19/2015] [Accepted: 01/28/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) is a ubiquitous problem that affects public health and safety. A test that can reliably identify individuals that suffer from EDS is needed. In contrast to other methods, salivary biomarkers are an objective, inexpensive, and noninvasive method to identify individuals with inadequate sleep. Although we have previously shown that inflammatory genes are elevated in saliva samples taken from sleep deprived individuals, it is unclear if inflammatory genes will be elevated in clinical populations with EDS. In this study, salivary samples from individuals with sleep apnea were evaluated using the Taqman low density inflammation array. Transcript levels for 3 genes, including prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), were elevated in patients with sleep apnea. Interestingly, PTGS2 was also elevated in patients with EDS but who did not have sleep apnea. These data demonstrate the feasibility of using salivary transcript levels to identify individuals that self-report excessive daytime sleepiness.
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Gélisse P, Crespel A. Mu rhythm and rhythmic midtemporal discharges in REM sleep. Neurophysiol Clin 2014; 44:165-7. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2014.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2013] [Accepted: 03/26/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
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Horne J. Why REM sleep? Clues beyond the laboratory in a more challenging world. Biol Psychol 2013; 92:152-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2012.10.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2012] [Revised: 09/17/2012] [Accepted: 10/11/2012] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Wu W, Sheth BR. Sound-induced perturbations of the brain network in non-REM sleep, and network oscillations in wake. Psychophysiology 2013; 50:274-86. [PMID: 23316945 DOI: 10.1111/psyp.12011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
During sleep, the brain network processes sensory stimuli without awareness. Stimulation must affect differently brain networks in sleep versus wake, but these differences have yet to be quantified. We recorded cortical activity in stage 2 (SII) sleep and wake using EEG while a tone was intermittently played. Zero-lag correlation measured input to pairs of sensors in the network; cross-correlation and phase-lag index measured pairwise corticocortical connectivity. Our analysis revealed that under baseline conditions, the cortical network, in particular the central regions of the frontoparietal cortex, interact at a characteristic latency of 50 ms, but only during wake, not sleep. Nonsalient auditory stimulation causes far greater perturbation of connectivity from baseline in sleep than wake, both in the response to common input and corticocortical connectivity. The findings have key implications for sensory processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Wu
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, Texas 77204-4005, USA
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Lee SY, Bae SS, Han JT, Byun SD, Chang JS. The Effect of Motor Learning of Serial Reaction Time Task (SRTT) Through Action Observation on Mu Rhythm and Improvement of Behavior Abilities. J Clin Med Res 2012; 4:114-8. [PMID: 22505984 PMCID: PMC3320120 DOI: 10.4021/jocmr727w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/11/2011] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The aim of this study was investigate whether an action observation would have an effect on the action that requires task understanding in humans. Methods Participants who met the criteria for this study (n = 36). To evaluate the performance, reaction time and performance accuracy, the stimulus scheduling software was employed. For the electroencephalogram, the equipment QEEG-8 was used. Results Concerning the reaction time of the groups of different learning methods a significant difference was found after the learning among the three groups. Regarding the accuracy among the groups of different learning methods, significant difference was found in the action performance accuracy among the three groups. The relative mu power during the SRTT implementation was compared in the CZ, C3 and C4 regions before, during, and after the learning for each group. In the CZ and C4 region, a significant difference was found in the action observation group. In the C3 and C4 region a significant difference was found in the actual practice group. Conclusions The result suggests that imitation and learning are involved even in the action that requires task understanding in humans. Keywords Accuracy; Mirror neuron system; Mu Rhythm; Reaction time; SRTT
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Yeol Lee
- Department of phyical therapy, Kyoungsung University, Republic of Korea
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Crespel A, Velizarova R, Garrigues G, Gelisse P. A new case of slow alpha variant during REM sleep. Neurophysiol Clin 2009; 39:263-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neucli.2009.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2009] [Revised: 06/25/2009] [Accepted: 06/27/2009] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Wang B, Wang X, Zou J, Kawana F, Nakamura M. Automatic determination of sleep stage through bio-neurological signals contaminated with artifacts by a conditional probability of the knowledge base. Artif Life Robotics 2008. [DOI: 10.1007/s10015-007-0480-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Marini G, Ceccarelli P, Mancia M. Characterization of the 7–12Hz EEG oscillations during immobile waking and REM sleep in behaving rats. Clin Neurophysiol 2008; 119:315-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2007.09.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 07/16/2007] [Accepted: 09/23/2007] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Erbil N, Ungan P. Changes in the alpha and beta amplitudes of the central EEG during the onset, continuation, and offset of long-duration repetitive hand movements. Brain Res 2007; 1169:44-56. [PMID: 17689502 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2007.07.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2007] [Revised: 07/08/2007] [Accepted: 07/09/2007] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Electroencephalographic alpha and beta activities recorded from central electrodes are known to display movement-related suppression or enhancement. We investigated whether the suppression that is known to occur during the onset of a single movement would persist or otherwise habituate when the movement is continuously repeated for a long period of time. Fourteen subjects took part in the experiments. They performed repetitive simultaneous extension-flexions of the fingers II-V in one hand, continuously for a period of at least 30 s. They then stopped this self-paced movement and rested for at least 30 s. Bipolar recording was made from C3-Cz and C4-Cz. Patterns of amplitude changes in the alpha and beta bands were calculated against a resting baseline. Following a bilateral alpha and beta suppression at the movement onset, alpha amplitude gradually but not fully recovered towards the baseline during the 30 s post-onset. Habituation of afferences and transfer of the cortical function were discussed as the two alternative explanations for this gradual recovery. Beta amplitude, however, displayed no recovery as long as the movement continued. Considering the relatively rapid beta recovery reported for sustained movements, this finding demonstrated that the sustained and continuous movements are conducted through quite different processes. A transient contralateral beta rebound was observed only after the end of the long movement period, strengthening the viewpoint that links the beta rebound with the closure of the cortical processes running throughout a motor sequence. Modulation of the beta amplitude, rather than the changes in alpha amplitude, appeared to be more closely correlated with the execution of a continuous movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurhan Erbil
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biophysics, Ankara, Turkey
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Pineda JA. The functional significance of mu rhythms: translating "seeing" and "hearing" into "doing". ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 50:57-68. [PMID: 15925412 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresrev.2005.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 643] [Impact Index Per Article: 33.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2004] [Revised: 04/15/2005] [Accepted: 04/21/2005] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Existing evidence indicates that mu and other alpha-like rhythms are independent phenomena because of differences in source generation, sensitivity to sensory events, bilateral coherence, frequency, and power. Although mu suppression and enhancement echo sensorimotor processing in frontoparietal networks, they are also sensitive to cognitive and affective influences and likely reflect more than an idling brain state. Mu rhythms are present at early stages of human development and in other mammalian species. They exhibit adaptive and dynamically changing properties, including frequency acceleration and posterior-to-anterior shifts in focus. Furthermore, individuals can learn to control mu rhythms volitionally in a very short period of time. This raises questions about the mu rhythm's open neural architecture and ability to respond to cognitive, affective, and motor imagery, implying an even greater developmental and functional role than has previously been ascribed to it. Recent studies have suggested that mu rhythms reflect downstream modulation of motor cortex by prefrontal mirror neurons, i.e., cells that may play a critical role in imitation learning and the ability to understand the actions of others. It is proposed that mu rhythms represent an important information processing function that links perception and action-specifically, the transformation of "seeing" and "hearing" into "doing." In a broader context, this transformation function results from an entrainment/gating mechanism in which multiple alpha networks (visual-, auditory-, and somatosensory-centered domains), typically producing rhythmic oscillations in a locally independent manner, become coupled and entrained. A global or 'diffuse and distributed alpha system' comes into existence when these independent sources of alpha become coherently engaged in transforming perception to action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaime A Pineda
- Department of Cognitive Science and Neuroscience, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92037-0515, USA.
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Abstract
A distinct high-voltage rhythmic spike (HVRS) discharge characterized by a barrage of negative spikes oscillating at 5-12 Hz was observed in chronically implanted Long Evans rats. Spontaneous HVRS discharges were exhibited in 90% of 40 Long Evans rats and occurred during sudden arrest of ongoing behavior (immobility) with occasional facial/whisker twitching. However, the function of HVRS discharges in Long Evans rats remains inconclusive to date and has been associated with alpha tremor/mu rhythm, attentive mu wave, and absence seizure. To elucidate the function of HVRS discharges in Long Evans rats, several experiments were performed. In a 6-h recording session (12:00-18:00), HVRS activities primarily occurred in several specific vigilance states, being particularly abundant in a short-lasting period before vigilance changes. Several characteristics, such as durations, oscillatory frequencies, and interspike intervals (ISIs) of HVRS discharges, were altered during wake-sleep states. Oscillatory frequencies were negatively correlated with durations of HVRS segments. In addition, ISIs of a HVRS episode exhibited a crescendo-decrescendo pattern. These variable ISIs could explain why a negative correlation was found between oscillatory frequencies and durations of HVRS episodes. Moreover, HVRS discharges were demonstrated to have widespread and near-synchronous distribution to bilateral cortical areas. In addition, innocuous electrical stimuli were unable to stop ongoing HVRS discharges. By contrast, noxious stimuli elicited behavioral arousal and immediately terminated most HVRS discharges. Cortical-evoked potentials in response to mild electrical stimulation under HVRS discharges were different from those under waking state but resemble those under slow-wave sleep with a smaller magnitude. Moreover, the temporal and spectral characteristics of spontaneous HVRS activities were analogous to those of seizure activities induced by penicillin and pentylenetetrazol. The incidence of spontaneous HVRS discharges was significantly decreased by ethosuximide administration. Based on these results, HVRS discharge might not be associated with a voluntary mu-rhythm behavior, instead it behaves as an absence-like seizure activity. These results were also collaborated using other genetic absence-seizure rats, such as WAG/Rij and GAERS rats. Possible mechanisms for the generation and termination of paroxysmal HVRS discharges are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fu-Zen Shaw
- Institute of Neuroscience, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 970, Taiwan.
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Abstract
An EEG study of sleep in congenitally blind persons revealed a significant correlation between the visual activity reported during dreaming and the decrease of alpha strength recorded from the central and occipital regions of the scalp. This provides the first objective evidence that subjects who have never had visual experiences can have dreams with virtual images that are probably mediated by the activation of the cortical areas responsible for visual representations.
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