Maternal migraine and the risk of psychiatric disorders in offspring: a population-based cohort study

Psychiatric Diagnoses Among HIV-Exposed and HIV-Unexposed Uninfected Children: A Danish Nationwide Cohort Study

This nationwide registry-based cohort study aimed to compare the risk of psychiatric diagnoses among HIV-exposed uninfected (HEU) children with a matched comparison group of HIV-unexposed uninfected (HUU) children, born in Denmark. We hypothesized that HEU children had an increased risk of psychiatric diagnoses and that this increased risk may differ by sex and age. All HEU children born in Denmark between year 2000 and 2020 were included. Each HEU child was matched by year of birth, maternal age at birth, and maternal immigration status to 10 HUU children. The primary outcome was risk of any psychiatric diagnosis (International Classification of Diseases, 10th Revision F00-F99). Incidence rate ratios (IRRs) were estimated using Poisson regression. Analyses stratifying by sex and age were also conducted. In total, 550 HEU children and 5500 HUU children were included. HEU children had an increased risk of any psychiatric disorder [IRR 1.45; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-2.04] in the unadjusted analysis, but in the adjusted analysis, the risk was only significant for children aged 6-11 years [adjusted incidence rate ratio (aIRR) 1.93; 95% CI: 1.14-3.28]. Stratifying by sex, girls aged 6-11 years had an increased risk of any psychiatric disorder (aIRR 3.04; 95% CI: 1.27-7.28), while boys had an increased risk at age 12-20 years (aIRR 2.47; 95% CI: 1.18-5.17). In conclusion, HEU girls aged 6-11 years and HEU boys aged 12-20 years had an increased risk of any psychiatric disorder compared with HUU girls and boys, respectively. These findings highlight the importance of addressing the mental health needs of HEU children/adolescents.

Should migraine without aura be further divided? A study of 1444 female patients with migraine without aura

To explore the possibility of further dividing migraine without aura (MWA), 1444 female patients fulfilled the criterion were recruited, and grouped basing on the association of MWA onset with menarche and childbirth (group J1, onset before menarche; group J2, onset between menarche and childbirth; group J3, onset after childbirth). By comparing migraine (side, location, aggravated by routine physical activity, NRS score, frequency, accompanying symptoms, with premonitory symptom (PS) and trigger, sum of PS and trigger) and migraine-related factors [chronic daily headache, medicine overused headache, body mass index (BMI), education level, exercise status, sleep status, consumption of tea/coffee/alcohol, patient health questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9) score and generalized anxiety disorder-7, (GAD-7) score)] among groups, it was found that the J1 group and the J2 group presented more typical migraine features than the J3 group; 2) the J3 group was more prone to emotion and sleep disorders, weight management issues, frequent migraine attacks and medication overuse. This study provided a basis for further dividing MWA. Genetic research should be conducted and treatment should be prescribed accordingly because the underlying pathogenesis may be different.