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Outzen L, Münzmay M, Frangioni JV, Maison W. Synthesis of Modular Desferrioxamine Analogues and Evaluation of Zwitterionic Derivatives for Zirconium Complexation. ChemMedChem 2023; 18:e202300112. [PMID: 37057615 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202300112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
The natural siderophore desferrioxamine B (DFOB) has been used for targeted PET imaging with 89 Zr before. However, Zr-DFOB has a limited stability and a number of derivatives have been developed with improved chelation properties for zirconium. We describe the synthesis of pseudopeptidic analogues of DFOB with azido side chains. These are termed AZA-DFO (hexadentate) and AZA-DFO* (octadentate) and are assembled via a modular synthesis from Orn-β-Ala and Lys-β-Ala. Nine different chelators have been conjugated to zwitterionic moieties by copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC). The resulting water-soluble chelators form Zr complexes under mild conditions (room temperature for 90 min). Transchelation assays with 1000-fold excess of EDTA and 300-fold excess of DFOB revealed that a short spacing of hydroxamates in (Orn-β-Ala)3-4 leads to improved complex stability compared to a longer spacing in (Lys-β-Ala)3-4 . We found that the alignment of amide groups in the pseudopeptide backbone and the presence of zwitterionic sidechains did not compromise the stability of the Zr-complexes with our chelators. We believe that the octadentate derivative AZA-DFO* is particularly valuable for the preparation of new Zr-chelators for targeted imaging which combine tunable pharmacokinetic properties with high complex stability and fast Zr-complexation kinetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lasse Outzen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Moritz Münzmay
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
| | | | - Wolfgang Maison
- Department of Chemistry, University of Hamburg, Bundesstrasse 45, 20146, Hamburg, Germany
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2
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Warstat R, Pervaiz M, Regenass P, Amann M, Schmidtkunz K, Einsle O, Jung M, Breit B, Hügle M, Günther S. A novel pan-selective bromodomain inhibitor for epigenetic drug design. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 249:115139. [PMID: 36736153 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
For a long time, the development of bromodomain (BD) inhibitors (BDi) was almost exclusively related to the BET family. More recently, BDi for BDs outside the BET family have also been developed. Here we present a novel pan-BDi with micromolar affinities to various BDs, and nanomolar affinities to representatives of BD families I, II (Bromodomain and Extra-Terminal Domain (BET) family), III, and IV. The inhibitor shows a broad activity profile with nanomolar growth inhibition (GI50) values on various cancer cell lines. Subsequently, we were able to control the selectivity of the inhibitor by simple modifications and turned it into a highly selective BRD9 inhibitor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robin Warstat
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Mehrosh Pervaiz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Pierre Regenass
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Marius Amann
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany; Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Karin Schmidtkunz
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Oliver Einsle
- Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Manfred Jung
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 25, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Bernhard Breit
- Institut für Organische Chemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Martin Hügle
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany; Institut für Biochemie, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Albertstr. 21, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Stefan Günther
- Institut für Pharmazeutische Wissenschaften, Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg, Hermann-Herder-Str. 9, D-79104, Freiburg, Germany
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3
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Yadav Y, Barman S, Roy A, Padhan J, Sudhamalla B. Uncovering the Domain-Specific Interactome of the TAF1 Tandem Reader Using Site-Specific Azide-Acetyllysine Photochemistry. Biochemistry 2023; 62:270-280. [PMID: 35786907 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Combinatorial readout of histone post-translational modifications by tandem reader modules mediates crosstalk among different histone modifications. To identify the domain-specific interactome of the tandem reader, we engineered the dual bromodomain of TATA-binding protein-associated factor-1 (TAF1) to carry a photoactivatable unnatural amino acid, 4-azido-l-phenylalanine (AzF), via amber suppressor mutagenesis. Using computational approaches, we modeled the targeted residues of TAF1 with AzF to predict the cross-linking distance between the reactive arylazide and its interacting partner. We developed three photoactivatable TAF1 tandem-bromodomain analogues, viz., Y1403AzF in bromodomain 1 (BD1), W1526AzF in bromodomain 2 (BD2), and Y1403AzF/W1526AzF in both BD1 and BD2. Circular dichroism and a thermal shift assay were used to confirm the structural integrity of the engineered readers. Using the TAF1 tandem-bromodomain analogues, we characterized their histone ligand binding properties by isothermal titration calorimetry and photo-cross-linking experiments. We found that the dual bromodomain of TAF1 independently binds and cross-links to different acetylated histone ligands. We further used the engineered BD1 and BD2 analogues of the TAF1 tandem readers to identify their domain-specific interacting partners at the cellular level. Both BD1 and BD2 independently cross-link to a unique interactome, and importantly, the dual cross-linker carrying TAF1 analogue could capture both BD1- and BD2-specific interactomes. Our work concludes that BD1 and BD2 of the TAF1 tandem reader independently recognize their interacting partners to regulate downstream cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogita Yadav
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Soumen Barman
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Roy
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Jyotirmayee Padhan
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
| | - Babu Sudhamalla
- Department of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Kolkata, Mohanpur Campus, Mohanpur, 741246 Nadia, West Bengal, India
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4
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Karim RM, Yang L, Chen L, Bikowitz MJ, Lu J, Grassie D, Shultz ZP, Lopchuk JM, Chen J, Schönbrunn E. Discovery of Dual TAF1-ATR Inhibitors and Ligand-Induced Structural Changes of the TAF1 Tandem Bromodomain. J Med Chem 2022; 65:4182-4200. [PMID: 35191694 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.1c01999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Bromodomains regulate chromatin remodeling and gene transcription through recognition of acetylated lysines on histones and other proteins. Bromodomain-containing protein TAF1, a subunit of general transcription factor TFIID, initiates preinitiation complex formation and cellular transcription. TAF1 serves as a cofactor for certain oncogenic transcription factors and is implicated in regulating the p53 tumor suppressor. Therefore, TAF1 is a potential target to develop small molecule therapeutics for diseases arising from dysregulated transcription, such as cancer. Here, we report the ATR kinase inhibitor AZD6738 (Ceralasertib) and analogues thereof as bona fide inhibitors of TAF1. Crystallographic and small-angle X-ray scattering studies established that newly identified and previously reported inhibitors stabilize distinct structural states of the TAF1 tandem bromodomain through "open-closed" transitions and dimerization. Combined with functional studies on p53 signaling in cancer cell lines, the data provide new insights into the feasibility and challenges of TAF1 inhibitors as chemical probes and therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rezaul Md Karim
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Leixiang Yang
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Lihong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Melissa J Bikowitz
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Morsani College of Medicine, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Junhao Lu
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Dylan Grassie
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Zachary P Shultz
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Justin M Lopchuk
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Jiandong Chen
- Department of Molecular Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
| | - Ernst Schönbrunn
- Drug Discovery Department, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, Florida 33612, United States
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5
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Clegg MA, Theodoulou NH, Bamborough P, Chung CW, Craggs PD, Demont EH, Gordon LJ, Liwicki GM, Phillipou A, Tomkinson NCO, Prinjha RK, Humphreys PG. Optimization of Naphthyridones into Selective TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factor 1 (TAF1) Bromodomain Inhibitors. ACS Med Chem Lett 2021; 12:1308-1317. [PMID: 34413961 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.1c00294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Bromodomain containing proteins and the acetyl-lysine binding bromodomains contained therein are increasingly attractive targets for the development of novel epigenetic therapeutics. To help validate this target class and unravel the complex associated biology, there has been a concerted effort to develop selective small molecule bromodomain inhibitors. Herein we describe the structure-based efforts and multiple challenges encountered in optimizing a naphthyridone template into selective TAF1(2) bromodomain inhibitors which, while unsuitable as chemical probes themselves, show promise for the future development of small molecules to interrogate TAF1(2) biology. Key to this work was the introduction and modulation of the basicity of a pendant amine which had a substantial impact on not only bromodomain selectivity but also cellular target engagement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A. Clegg
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Natalie H. Theodoulou
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Paul Bamborough
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Chun-wa Chung
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Peter D. Craggs
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | | | - Laurie J. Gordon
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Gemma M. Liwicki
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Alex Phillipou
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas C. O. Tomkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, Thomas Graham Building, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, United Kingdom
| | - Rab K. Prinjha
- GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire SG1 2NY, United Kingdom
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6
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Mesrouze Y, Meyerhofer M, Zimmermann C, Fontana P, Erdmann D, Chène P. Biochemical properties of VGLL4 from Homo sapiens and Tgi from Drosophila melanogaster and possible biological implications. Protein Sci 2021; 30:1871-1881. [PMID: 34075638 DOI: 10.1002/pro.4138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The TEAD (Sd in drosophila) transcription factors are essential for the Hippo pathway. Human VGLL4 and drosophila Tgi bind to TEAD/Sd via two distinct binding sites. These two regions are separated by few amino acids in VGLL4 but they are very distant from each other in Tgi. This difference prompted us to study whether it influences the interaction with TEAD4/Sd. We show that the full-length VGLL4/Tgi proteins behave as intrinsically disordered proteins. They have a similar affinity for TEAD4/Sd revealing that the length of the region between the two binding sites has little effect on the interaction. One of their two binding sites (high-affinity site) binds to TEAD4/Sd 100 times more tightly than to the other site, and size exclusion chromatography experiments reveal that VGLL4/Tgi only form trimeric complexes with TEAD4/Sd at high protein concentrations. In solution, therefore, VGLL4/Tgi may predominantly interact with TEAD4/Sd via their high-affinity site to create dimeric complexes. In contrast, when TEAD4/Sd molecules are immobilized on sensor chips used in Surface Plasmon Resonance experiments, one VGLL4/Tgi molecule can bind simultaneously with an enhanced affinity to two immobilized molecules. This effect, due to a local increase in protein concentration triggered by the proximity of the immobilized TEAD4/Sd molecules, suggests that in vivo VGLL4/Tgi could bind with an enhanced affinity to two nearby TEAD/Sd molecules bound to DNA. The presence of two binding sites in VGLL4/Tgi might only be required for the function of these proteins when they interact with TEAD/Sd bound to DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yannick Mesrouze
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marco Meyerhofer
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Catherine Zimmermann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrizia Fontana
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Dirk Erdmann
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Patrick Chène
- Disease Area Oncology, Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
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7
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Wu Q, Chen DQ, Sun L, Huan XJ, Bao XB, Tian CQ, Hu J, Lv KK, Wang YQ, Xiong B, Miao ZH. Novel bivalent BET inhibitor N2817 exhibits potent anticancer activity and inhibits TAF1. Biochem Pharmacol 2021; 185:114435. [PMID: 33539817 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2021.114435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Bromodomain and extra-terminal domain (BET) family proteins are promising anticancer targets. Most BET inhibitors in clinical trials are monovalent. They competitively bind to one of the bromodomains (BD1 and BD2) in BET proteins and exhibit relatively weak anticancer activity, poor pharmacokinetics, and low metabolic stability. Here, we evaluated the anticancer activity of a novel bivalent BET inhibitor, N2817, which consists of two molecules of the monovalent BET inhibitor 8124-053 connected by a common piperazine ring, rendering a long linker unnecessary. Compared with ABBV-075, one of the potent monovalent BET inhibitors reported to date, N2817 showed greater potency in inhibiting proliferation, arresting cell-cycle, inducing apoptosis, and suppressing the growth of tumor xenografts. Moreover, N2817 showed high metabolic stability, a relatively long half-life, and no brain penetration after oral administration. Additionally, N2817 directly bound and inhibited another BD-containing protein, TAF1 (BD2), as evidenced by a reduction in mRNA and protein levels. TAF1 inhibition contributed to the anticancer effect of N2817. Therefore, this study offers a new paradigm for designing bivalent BET inhibitors and introduces a novel potent bivalent BET inhibitor and a new anticancer mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Wu
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Dan-Qi Chen
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Lin Sun
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xia-Juan Huan
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Xu-Bin Bao
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Chang-Qing Tian
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Jianping Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Kai-Kai Lv
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Ying-Qing Wang
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
| | - Bing Xiong
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 555 Zu Chong Zhi Road, Shanghai 201203, China.
| | - Ze-Hong Miao
- Division of Antitumor Pharmacology, State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 501 Haike Road, Shanghai 201203, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, NO.19A Yuquan Road, Beijing 100049, China.
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8
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Cipriano A, Sbardella G, Ciulli A. Targeting epigenetic reader domains by chemical biology. Curr Opin Chem Biol 2020; 57:82-94. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2020.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 05/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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9
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Rectenwald JM, Guduru SKR, Dang Z, Collins LB, Liao YE, Norris-Drouin JL, Cholensky SH, Kaufmann KW, Hammond SM, Kireev DB, Frye SV, Pearce KH. Design and Construction of a Focused DNA-Encoded Library for Multivalent Chromatin Reader Proteins. Molecules 2020; 25:E979. [PMID: 32098353 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25040979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromatin structure and function, and consequently cellular phenotype, is regulated in part by a network of chromatin-modifying enzymes that place post-translational modifications (PTMs) on histone tails. These marks serve as recruitment sites for other chromatin regulatory complexes that ‘read’ these PTMs. High-quality chemical probes that can block reader functions of proteins involved in chromatin regulation are important tools to improve our understanding of pathways involved in chromatin dynamics. Insight into the intricate system of chromatin PTMs and their context within the epigenome is also therapeutically important as misregulation of this complex system is implicated in numerous human diseases. Using computational methods, along with structure-based knowledge, we have designed and constructed a focused DNA-Encoded Library (DEL) containing approximately 60,000 compounds targeting bi-valent methyl-lysine (Kme) reader domains. Additionally, we have constructed DNA-barcoded control compounds to allow optimization of selection conditions using a model Kme reader domain. We anticipate that this target-class focused approach will serve as a new method for rapid discovery of inhibitors for multivalent chromatin reader domains.
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Abstract
The dynamic nature of histone post-translational modifications such as methylation or acetylation makes possible the alteration of disease associated epigenetic states through the manipulation of the associated epigenetic machinery. One approach is through small molecule perturbation. Chemical probes of epigenetic reader domains have been critical in improving our understanding of the biological consequences of modulating their targets, while also enabling the development of novel probe-based reagents. By appending a functional handle to a reader domain probe, a chemical toolbox of reagents can be created to facilitate chemiprecipitation of epigenetic complexes, evaluate probe selectivity, develop in vitro screening assays, visualize cellular target localization, enable target degradation and recruit epigenetic machinery to a site within the genome in a highly controlled fashion.
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11
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Schiedel M, Moroglu M, Ascough DMH, Chamberlain AER, Kamps JJAG, Sekirnik AR, Conway SJ. Chemical Epigenetics: The Impact of Chemical and Chemical Biology Techniques on Bromodomain Target Validation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:17930-17952. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201812164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Anna E. R. Chamberlain
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Jos J. A. G. Kamps
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Angelina R. Sekirnik
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA UK
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12
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Schiedel M, Moroglu M, Ascough DMH, Chamberlain AER, Kamps JJAG, Sekirnik AR, Conway SJ. Chemische Epigenetik: der Einfluss chemischer und chemo‐biologischer Techniken auf die Zielstruktur‐Validierung von Bromodomänen. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201812164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Schiedel
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Mustafa Moroglu
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - David M. H. Ascough
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Anna E. R. Chamberlain
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Jos J. A. G. Kamps
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Angelina R. Sekirnik
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
| | - Stuart J. Conway
- Department of ChemistryChemistry Research LaboratoryUniversity of Oxford Mansfield Road Oxford OX1 3TA Großbritannien
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13
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Chen J, Sagum C, Bedford MT. Protein domain microarrays as a platform to decipher signaling pathways and the histone code. Methods 2019; 184:4-12. [PMID: 31449908 DOI: 10.1016/j.ymeth.2019.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2019] [Revised: 08/16/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Signal transduction is driven by protein interactions that are controlled by posttranslational modifications (PTM). Usually, protein domains are responsible for "reading" the PTM signal deposited on the interacting partners. Protein domain microarrays have been developed as a high throughput platform to facilitate the rapid identification of protein-protein interactions, and this approach has become broadly used in biomedical research. In this review, we will summarize the history, development and applications of this technique, including the use of protein domain microarrays in identifying both novel protein-protein interactions and small molecules that block these interactions. We will focus on the approaches we use in the Protein Array and Analysis Core - the PAAC - at MD Anderson Cancer Center. We will also address the technical limitations and discuss future directions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianji Chen
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA; Graduate Program in Genetics & Epigenetics, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center UTHealth Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Cari Sagum
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA
| | - Mark T Bedford
- Department of Epigenetics and Molecular Carcinogenesis, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Smithville, TX 78957, USA.
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Abstract
Less than a decade ago, it was shown that bromodomains, acetyl lysine 'reader' modules found in proteins with varied functions, were highly tractable small-molecule targets. This is an unusual property for protein-protein or protein-peptide interaction domains, and it prompted a wave of chemical probe discovery to understand the biological potential of new agents that targeted bromodomains. The original examples, inhibitors of the bromodomain and extra-terminal (BET) class of bromodomains, showed enticing anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities, and several compounds have since advanced to human clinical trials. Here, we review the current state of BET inhibitor biology in relation to clinical development, and we discuss the next wave of bromodomain inhibitors with clinical potential in oncology and non-oncology indications. The lessons learned from BET inhibitor programmes should affect efforts to develop drugs that target non-BET bromodomains and other epigenetic readers.
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15
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Clegg MA, Tomkinson NCO, Prinjha RK, Humphreys PG. Advancements in the Development of non-BET Bromodomain Chemical Probes. ChemMedChem 2019; 14:362-385. [PMID: 30624862 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The bromodomain and extra terminal (BET) family of bromodomain-containing proteins (BCPs) have been the subject of extensive research over the past decade, resulting in a plethora of high-quality chemical probes for their tandem bromodomains. In turn, these chemical probes have helped reveal the profound biological role of the BET bromodomains and their role in disease, ultimately leading to a number of molecules in active clinical development. However, the BET subfamily represents just 8/61 of the known human bromodomains, and attention has now expanded to the biological role of the remaining 53 non-BET bromodomains. Rapid growth of this research area has been accompanied by a greater understanding of the requirements for an effective bromodomain chemical probe and has led to a number of new non-BET bromodomain chemical probes being developed. Advances since December 2015 are discussed, highlighting the strengths/caveats of each molecule, and the value they add toward validating the non-BET bromodomains as tractable therapeutic targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Clegg
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK.,WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Nicholas C O Tomkinson
- WestCHEM, Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Thomas Graham Building, Glasgow, G1 1XL, UK
| | - Rab K Prinjha
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
| | - Philip G Humphreys
- Epigenetics Discovery Performance Unit, GlaxoSmithKline R&D, Stevenage, Hertfordshire, SG1 2NY, UK
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