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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Oral administration of poorly water-soluble drugs (PWSDs) is generally related to low bioavailability, leading to high drug doses, multiple side effects, and low patient compliance. Thus, different strategies have been developed to increase drug solubility and dissolution in the gastrointestinal tract, opening new venues for these drugs. AREAS COVERED This review outlines the current challenges in PWSD formulation development and the strategies to overcome the oral barriers and increase their solubility and bioavailability. Conventional strategies include altering crystalline and molecular structures and modifying oral solid dosage forms. In contrast, novel strategies comprise micro- and nanostructured systems. Recent representative studies involving how these strategies have improved the oral bioavailability of PWSDs were also reviewed and reported. EXPERT OPINION New approaches to enhance PWSD bioavailability have sought to improve water solubility and dissolution rates, drug protection by overcoming biological barriers, and increased absorption. Still, only a handful of studies have focused on quantifying the increase in bioavailability. Improving the oral bioavailability of PWSDs remains an exciting unexplored field of research and has become an important issue for successfully developing pharmaceutical products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruna Rocha
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Letícia Aparecida de Morais
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Mateus Costa Viana
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
| | - Guilherme Carneiro
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Biological and Health Sciences, Federal University of Jequitinhonha and Mucuri Valleys, Diamantina, Brazil
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2
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Abstract
Prodrug strategy is critical for innovative drug development. Structural modification is the most straightforward and effective method to develop prodrugs. Improving drug defects and optimizing the physical and chemical properties of a drug, such as lipophilicity and water solubility, changing the way of administration can be achieved through specific structural modification. Designing prodrugs by linking microenvironment-responsive groups to the prototype drugs is of great help in enhancing drug targeting. In the meantime, making connections between prodrugs and suitable drug delivery systems could realize drug loading increases, greater stability, bioavailability and drug release control. In this paper, lipidic, water-soluble, pH-responsive, redox-sensitive and enzyme-activatable prodrugs are reviewed on the basis of structural modification.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexuan Cheng
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Chunhong Zhong
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Shujing Yan
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Chunli Chen
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang & Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
| | - Xiaoli Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
- Engineering Research Center of Xinjiang & Central Asian Medicine Resources, Ministry of Education, Urumqi, Xinjiang, 830011, China
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3
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Tabcheh J, Vergalli J, Davin-Régli A, Ghanem N, Pages JM, Al-Bayssari C, Brunel JM. Rejuvenating the Activity of Usual Antibiotics on Resistant Gram-Negative Bacteria: Recent Issues and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24. [PMID: 36675027 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibiotic resistance continues to evolve and spread beyond all boundaries, resulting in an increase in morbidity and mortality for non-curable infectious diseases. Due to the failure of conventional antimicrobial therapy and the lack of introduction of a novel class of antibiotics, novel strategies have recently emerged to combat these multidrug-resistant infectious microorganisms. In this review, we highlight the development of effective antibiotic combinations and of antibiotics with non-antibiotic activity-enhancing compounds to address the widespread emergence of antibiotic-resistant strains.
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4
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Abstract
With the rising levels of drug resistance, developing efficient antimicrobial therapies has become a priority. A promising strategy is the conjugation of antibiotics with relevant moieties that can potentiate their activity by target-directing. The conjugation of siderophores with antibiotics allows them to act as Trojan horses by hijacking the microorganisms' highly developed iron transport systems and using them to carry the antibiotic into the cell. Through the analysis of relevant examples of the past decade, this Perspective aims to reveal the potential of siderophore-antibiotic Trojan horses for the treatment of infections and the role of siderophores in diagnostic techniques. Other conjugated molecules will be the subject of discussion, namely those involving vitamin B12, carbohydrates, and amino acids, as well as conjugated compounds targeting protein degradation and β-lactamase activated prodrugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana C Almeida
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, FFUP - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Paulo M da Costa
- CIIMAR- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.,ICBAS - Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
| | - Emília Sousa
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, FFUP - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diana I S P Resende
- Laboratório de Química Orgânica e Farmacêutica, Departamento de Ciências Químicas, FFUP - Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade do Porto, Rua de Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.,CIIMAR- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
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5
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Tian H, Wang Y, Dai Y, Mao A, Zhou W, Cao X, Deng H, Lu H, Ding L, Shen H, Wang X. A Cephalosporin-Tripodalamine Conjugate Inhibits Metallo-β-Lactamase with High Efficacy and Low Toxicity. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2022; 66:e0035222. [PMID: 36094199 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00352-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The wide spread of metallo-β-lactamase (MBL)-expressing bacteria has greatly threatened human health, and there is an urgent need for inhibitors against MBLs. Herein, we present a cephalosporin-tripodalamine conjugate (DPASC) as a potent MBL inhibitor with a block-release design. The cephalosporin tag blocks the ligand binding site to reduce toxicity and is cleaved by MBLs to release active ligands to inhibit MBLs in situ. The screening of MBL-expressing pathogenic strains with 16 μg/mL DPASC showed a decrease of the minimum inhibitory concentration of meropenem (MEM) by 16 to 512-fold, and its toxicity was minimal to human HepG2 cells, with an IC50 exceeding 512 μg/mL. An in vivo infection model with Galleria mellonella larvae showed an increased 3-day survival rate of 87% with the coadministration of DPASC and MEM, compared to 50% with MEM alone and no toxicity at a dose of 256 mg/kg of DPASC. Our findings with DPASC demonstrate that it is an effective MBL inhibitor and that the block-release strategy could be useful for the development of new MBL inhibitors.
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6
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Tadić Đ, Gramblicka M, Mistrik R, Bayona JM. Systematic identification of trimethoprim metabolites in lettuce. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:3121-3135. [PMID: 35141763 PMCID: PMC8934764 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-03943-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 01/12/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Antibiotics are some of the most widely used drugs. Their release in the environment is of great concern since their consumption is a major factor for antibiotic resistance, one of the most important threats to human health. Their occurrence and fate in agricultural systems have been extensively investigated in recent years. Yet whilst their biotic and abiotic degradation pathways have been thoroughly researched, their biotransformation pathways in plants are less understood, such as in case of trimethoprim. Although trimethoprim has been reported in the environment, its fate in higher plants still remains unknown. A bench-scale experiment was performed and 30 trimethoprim metabolites were identified in lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.), of which 5 belong to phase I and 25 to phase II. Data mining yielded a list of 1018 ions as possible metabolite candidates, which was filtered to a final list of 87 candidates. Molecular structures were assigned for 19 compounds, including 14 TMP metabolites reported for the first time. Alongside well-known biotransformation pathways in plants, additional novel pathways were suggested, namely, conjugation with sesquiterpene lactones, and abscisic acid as a part of phase II of plant metabolism. The results obtained offer insight into the variety of phase II conjugates and may serve as a guideline for studying the metabolization of other chemicals that share a similar molecular structure or functional groups with trimethoprim. Finally, the toxicity and potential contribution of the identified metabolites to the selective pressure on antibiotic resistance genes and bacterial communities via residual antimicrobial activity were evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Đorđe Tadić
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Michal Gramblicka
- HighChem Ltd., Leškova 11, 811 04, Bratislava, Slovakia
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology, Radlinského 9, 812 37, Bratislava, Slovakia
| | | | - Josep Maria Bayona
- Department of Environmental Chemistry, Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research, Spanish Council for Scientific Research (IDAEA-CSIC), Jordi Girona 18-26, 08034, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Holt BA, Tuttle M, Xu Y, Su M, Røise JJ, Wang X, Murthy N, Kwong GA. Dimensionless parameter predicts bacterial prodrug success. Mol Syst Biol 2022; 18:e10495. [PMID: 35005851 PMCID: PMC8744131 DOI: 10.15252/msb.202110495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2021] [Revised: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding mechanisms of antibiotic failure is foundational to combating the growing threat of multidrug-resistant bacteria. Prodrugs-which are converted into a pharmacologically active compound after administration-represent a growing class of therapeutics for treating bacterial infections but are understudied in the context of antibiotic failure. We hypothesize that strategies that rely on pathogen-specific pathways for prodrug conversion are susceptible to competing rates of prodrug activation and bacterial replication, which could lead to treatment escape and failure. Here, we construct a mathematical model of prodrug kinetics to predict rate-dependent conditions under which bacteria escape prodrug treatment. From this model, we derive a dimensionless parameter we call the Bacterial Advantage Heuristic (BAH) that predicts the transition between prodrug escape and successful treatment across a range of time scales (1-104 h), bacterial carrying capacities (5 × 104 -105 CFU/µl), and Michaelis constants (KM = 0.747-7.47 mM). To verify these predictions in vitro, we use two models of bacteria-prodrug competition: (i) an antimicrobial peptide hairpin that is enzymatically activated by bacterial surface proteases and (ii) a thiomaltose-conjugated trimethoprim that is internalized by bacterial maltodextrin transporters and hydrolyzed by free thiols. We observe that prodrug failure occurs at BAH values above the same critical threshold predicted by the model. Furthermore, we demonstrate two examples of how failing prodrugs can be rescued by decreasing the BAH below the critical threshold via (i) substrate design and (ii) nutrient control. We envision such dimensionless parameters serving as supportive pharmacokinetic quantities that guide the design and administration of prodrug therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon Alexander Holt
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - McKenzie Tuttle
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Yilin Xu
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Melanie Su
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
| | - Joachim J Røise
- Department of BioengineeringInnovative Genomics InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Xioajian Wang
- Institute of Advanced SynthesisSchool of Chemistry and Molecular EngineeringNanjing Tech UniversityNanjingChina
| | - Niren Murthy
- Department of BioengineeringInnovative Genomics InstituteUniversity of CaliforniaBerkeleyCAUSA
| | - Gabriel A Kwong
- Wallace H. Coulter Department of Biomedical EngineeringGeorgia Tech College of Engineering and Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Parker H. Petit Institute of Bioengineering and BioscienceAtlantaGAUSA
- Institute for Electronics and NanotechnologyGeorgia TechAtlantaGAUSA
- Integrated Cancer Research CenterGeorgia TechAtlantaGAUSA
- Georgia ImmunoEngineering ConsortiumGeorgia Tech and Emory UniversityAtlantaGAUSA
- Emory School of MedicineAtlantaGAUSA
- Emory Winship Cancer InstituteAtlantaGAUSA
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8
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Escalante A, Mendoza-Flores R, Gosset G, Bolívar F. The aminoshikimic acid pathway in bacteria as source of precursors for the synthesis of antibacterial and antiviral compounds. J Ind Microbiol Biotechnol 2021; 48:6347350. [PMID: 34374768 PMCID: PMC8788734 DOI: 10.1093/jimb/kuab053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The aminoshikimic acid (ASA) pathway comprises a series of reactions resulting in the synthesis of 3-amino-5-hydroxybenzoic acid (AHBA), present in bacteria such as Amycolatopsis mediterranei and Streptomyces. AHBA is the precursor for synthesizing the mC7N units, the characteristic structural component of ansamycins and mitomycins antibiotics, compounds with important antimicrobial and anticancer activities. Furthermore, aminoshikimic acid, another relevant intermediate of the ASA pathway, is an attractive candidate for a precursor for oseltamivir phosphate synthesis, the most potent anti-influenza neuraminidase inhibitor treatment of both seasonal and pandemic influenza. This review discusses the relevance of the key intermediate AHBA as a scaffold molecule to synthesize diverse ansamycins and mitomycins. We describe the structure and control of the expression of the model biosynthetic cluster rif in A. mediterranei to synthesize ansamycins and review several current pharmaceutical applications of these molecules. Additionally, we discuss some relevant strategies developed for overproducing these chemicals, focusing on the relevance of the ASA pathway intermediates kanosamine, AHAB, and ASA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adelfo Escalante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Rubén Mendoza-Flores
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Guillermo Gosset
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Francisco Bolívar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología. Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Av. Universidad 2001, Colonia Chamilpa, 62210, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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9
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Wang L, Kong H, Jin M, Li X, Stoika R, Lin H, Liu K. Synthesis of disaccharide modified berberine derivatives and their anti-diabetic investigation in zebrafish using a fluorescence-based technology. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 18:3563-3574. [PMID: 32347284 DOI: 10.1039/d0ob00327a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Berberine is a naturally occurring isoquinoline alkaloid and has been used as an important functional food additive in China due to its various pharmacological activities. Berberine exhibits great potential for developing anti-diabetic agents against type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), as it can reduce the blood glucose level in many animal models. However, the low anti-diabetic activity and poor bioavailability of berberine (below 5%) by oral administration significantly limit its practical applications. To solve these problems, this article focuses on the structural modification of berberine using some disaccharide groups, because the carbohydrate moiety has been proved to improve the bioavailability and enhance the receptor-binding affinity of drugs. Anti-diabetic investigation of the synthesized compounds was performed in a zebrafish model using a fluorescently labelled glucose analog 2-deoxy-2-[(7-nitro-2,1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl)amino]-d-glucose (2-NBDG) as a glucose tracker. The results indicated that the modification of berberine with carbohydrate groups could give derivatives with improved anti-diabetic activity, in particular the diglucose modified berberine derivative 1 which could dramatically promote the uptake of 2-NBDG in both zebrafish larvae and their eyes even at very low concentrations. Furthermore, the fluorescence-based anti-diabetic investigation method in zebrafish shows great potential for anti-diabetic drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lizhen Wang
- Biology Institute, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250014, Shandong Province, China.
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10
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Walker SS, Black TA. Are outer-membrane targets the solution for MDR Gram-negative bacteria? Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2152-2158. [PMID: 33798647 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.03.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Revised: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The outer membrane (OM) of Gram-negative bacteria confers a significant barrier to many antibacterial agents targeting periplasmic and cytosolic functions. 'Synergist' approaches to disrupt the OM have been hampered by poor specificity and accompanying toxicities. The OM contains proteins required for optimal growth and pathogenesis, including lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and capsular polysaccharide (CPS) transport, porins for uptake of macromolecules, and transporters for essential elements (such as iron). Does the external proximity of these proteins offer an enhanced potential to identify effective therapies? Here, we review recent experiences in exploiting Gram-negative OM proteins (OMPs) to address the calamity of exploding antimicrobial resistance. Teaser: Multidrug-resistant (MDR) Gram-negative bacteria are a growing crisis. Few new antimicrobial chemotypes or targets have been identified after decades of screening. Are OMP targets a solution to MDR Gram-negative bacteria?
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Affiliation(s)
- Scott S Walker
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Basic Research, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA
| | - Todd A Black
- Infectious Diseases and Vaccines Basic Research, Merck & Co., Inc, 770 Sumneytown Pike, West Point, PA 19486, USA.
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11
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Khodavandi A, Alizadeh F, Hosseini F. Differential expression of bla CTX-M-33 with vancomycin/trimethoprim combination in Escherichia coli-producing extended-spectrum β-lactamase isolated from intensive care unit-acquired urinary tract infection. Int Arch Health Sci 2021. [DOI: 10.4103/iahs.iahs_39_21] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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12
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Zhao S, Wang ZP, Wen X, Li S, Wei G, Guo J, He Y. Synthesis of Vitamin B 12-Antibiotic Conjugates with Greatly Improved Activity against Gram-Negative Bacteria. Org Lett 2020; 22:6632-6636. [PMID: 32806210 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c02403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need to discover new antibiotics and improve the efficacy of known antibiotics against Gram-negative bacteria. "Trojan horse" conjugates are novel and promising antibiotics. Herein we report the design and synthesis of vitamin-B12-ampicillin conjugates, which exhibited more than 500 times improved activity against Escherichia coli compared with ampicillin itself. Our studies demonstrate that the vitamin-B12 uptake pathway could be employed for effective antibiotic delivery and efficacy enhancement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Zhao
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Peng Wang
- Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chongqing 400714, China
| | - Xumei Wen
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Siyu Li
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Guoxing Wei
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Jian Guo
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
| | - Yun He
- Chongqing Key Laboratory of Natural Product Synthesis and Drug Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401331, P.R. China
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13
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Alva A, Sabido-Ramos A, Escalante A, Bolívar F. New insights into transport capability of sugars and its impact on growth from novel mutants of Escherichia coli. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2020; 104:1463-1479. [PMID: 31900563 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-019-10335-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2019] [Revised: 12/12/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The fast-growing capability of Escherichia coli strains used to produce industrially relevant metabolites relies on their capability to transport efficiently glucose or potential industrial feedstocks such as sucrose or xylose as carbon sources. E. coli imports extracellular glucose into the periplasmic space across the outer membrane porins: OmpC, OmpF, and LamB. As the internal membrane is an impermeable barrier for sugars, the cell employs several primary and secondary active transport systems, and the phosphoenolpyruvate (PEP)-sugar phosphotransferase (PTS) system for glucose transport. PTS:glucose is the preferred system by E. coli to transport and phosphorylate the periplasmic glucose; nevertheless, PTS imposes a strict metabolic control mechanism on the preferential consumption of glucose over other carbon sources in sugar mixtures such as glucose and xylose resulting from the hydrolysis of lignocellulosic biomass, by the carbon catabolite repression. In this contribution, we summarize the major sugar transport systems for glucose and disaccharide transport, the exhibited substrate plasticity, and their impact on the growth of E. coli, highlighting the relevance of PTS in the control of the expression of genes for the transport and catabolism of other sugars as xylose. We discuss the strategies developed by evolved mutants of E. coli during adaptive laboratory evolution experiments to overcome the nutritional stress condition imposed by inactivation of PTS as a strategy for the selection of fast-growing derivatives in glucose, xylose, or mixtures of glucose:xylose. This approach results in the recruitment of other primary and secondary active transporters, demonstrating relevant sugar plasticity in derivative-evolved mutants. Elucidation of the molecular and biochemical basis of sugar-transport substrate plasticity represents a consistent approach for sugar-transport system engineering for the design of efficient E. coli derivative strains with improved substrate assimilation for biotechnological purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alma Alva
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
| | - Andrea Sabido-Ramos
- Departamento de Procesos y Tecnología, Universidad Autónoma Metropolitana-Unidad Cuajimalpa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Adelfo Escalante
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México.
| | - Francisco Bolívar
- Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México
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14
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Deng Z, Hu J, Liu S. Disulfide-Based Self-Immolative Linkers and Functional Bioconjugates for Biological Applications. Macromol Rapid Commun 2019; 41:e1900531. [PMID: 31755619 DOI: 10.1002/marc.201900531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
It is of vital importance to reversibly mask and selectively activate bioactive agents for advanced therapeutic and diagnostic purposes, aiming to efficiently suppress background interferences and attenuate systemic toxicity. This strategy has been involved in diverse applications spanning from chemical/biological sensors and diagnostics to drug delivery nanocarriers. Among these, redox-responsive disulfide linkages have been extensively utilized by taking advantage of extracellular and intracellular glutathione (GSH) gradients. However, direct conjugation of cleavable triggers to bioactive agents through disulfide bonds suffers from bulky steric hindrance and limited choice of trigger-drug combinations. Fortunately, the emergence of disulfide self-immolative linkers (DSILs) provides a general and robust strategy to not only mask various bioactive agents through the formation of dynamic disulfide linkages but also make it possible to be selectively activated upon disulfide cleavage in the reductive cytoplasmic milieu. In this review, recent developments in DSILs are focused with special attention on emerging chemical design strategies and functional applications in the biomedical field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhengyu Deng
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Jinming Hu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
| | - Shiyong Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Soft Matter Chemistry, Hefei National Laboratory for Physical Sciences at the Microscale, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, University of Science and Technology of China, 96 Jinzhai Road, Hefei, 230026, China
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Sanches BM, Ferreira EI. Is prodrug design an approach to increase water solubility? Int J Pharm 2019; 568:118498. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Dumont E, Vergalli J, Pajovic J, Bhamidimarri SP, Morante K, Wang J, Lubriks D, Suna E, Stavenger RA, Winterhalter M, Réfrégiers M, Pagès JM. Mechanistic aspects of maltotriose-conjugate translocation to the Gram-negative bacteria cytoplasm. Life Sci Alliance 2018; 2:e201800242. [PMID: 30620010 PMCID: PMC6311466 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.201800242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/19/2018] [Accepted: 12/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Small molecule accumulation in Gram-negative bacteria is a key challenge to discover novel antibiotics, because of their two membranes and efflux pumps expelling toxic molecules. An approach to overcome this challenge is to hijack uptake pathways so that bacterial transporters shuttle the antibiotic to the cytoplasm. Here, we have characterized maltodextrin-fluorophore conjugates that can pass through both the outer and inner membranes mediated by components of the Escherichia coli maltose regulon. Single-channel electrophysiology recording demonstrated that the compounds permeate across the LamB channel leading to accumulation in the periplasm. We have also demonstrated that a maltotriose conjugate distributes into both the periplasm and cytoplasm. In the cytoplasm, the molecule activates the maltose regulon and triggers the expression of maltose binding protein in the periplasmic space indicating that the complete maltose entry pathway is induced. This maltotriose conjugate can (i) reach the periplasmic and cytoplasmic compartments to significant internal concentrations and (ii) auto-induce its own entry pathway via the activation of the maltose regulon, representing an interesting prototype to deliver molecules to the cytoplasm of Gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Estelle Dumont
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
| | - Julia Vergalli
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
| | - Jelena Pajovic
- DISCO Beamline, Synchrotron Soleil, Saint-Aubin, France.,University of Belgrade, Faculty of Physics, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Satya P Bhamidimarri
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Koldo Morante
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jiajun Wang
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Edgars Suna
- Latvian Institute of Organic Synthesis, Riga, Latvia
| | - Robert A Stavenger
- Antibacterial Discovery Performance Unit, Infectious Diseases Discovery, GlaxoSmithKline, Collegeville, PA, USA
| | - Mathias Winterhalter
- Department of Life Sciences and Chemistry, Jacobs University Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | | | - Jean-Marie Pagès
- Aix Marseille Univ, Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, Service de Santé des Armées, Institut de Recherche Biomédicale des Armées, Membranes et Cibles Thérapeutiques, Marseille, France
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