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Tao C, Wang Q, Ji J, Zhou Z, Yue B, Zhang R, Jiang S, Yuan T. Utilization of carbon catabolite repression for efficiently biotransformation of anthraquinone O-glucuronides by Streptomyces coeruleorubidus DM. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1393073. [PMID: 38690368 PMCID: PMC11058961 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1393073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/04/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon catabolite repression (CCR) is a highly conserved mechanism that regulates carbon source utilization in Streptomyces. CCR has a negative impact on secondary metabolite fermentation, both in industrial and research settings. In this study, CCR was observed in the daunorubicin (DNR)-producing strain Streptomyces coeruleorubidus DM, which was cultivated in high concentration of carbohydrates. Unexpectedly, DM exhibited a high ability for anthraquinone glucuronidation biotransformation under CCR conditions with a maximum bioconversion rate of 95% achieved at pH 6, 30°C for 24 h. The co-utilization of glucose and sucrose resulted in the highest biotransformation rate compared to other carbon source combinations. Three novel anthraquinone glucuronides were obtained, with purpurin-O-glucuronide showing significantly improved water solubility, antioxidant activity, and antibacterial bioactivity. Comparative transcript analysis revealed that glucose and sucrose utilization were significantly upregulated as DM cultivated under CCR condition, which strongly enhance the biosynthetic pathway of the precursors Uridine diphosphate glucuronic acid (UDPGA). Meanwhile, the carbon metabolic flux has significantly enhanced the fatty acid biosynthesis, the exhaust of acetyl coenzyme A may lead to the complete repression of the biosynthesis of DNR, Additionally, the efflux transporter genes were simultaneously downregulated, which may contribute to the anthraquinones intracellular glucuronidation. Overall, our findings demonstrate that utilizing CCR can be a valuable strategy for enhancing the biotransformation efficiency of anthraquinone O-glucuronides by DM. This approach has the potential to improve the bioavailability and therapeutic potential of these compounds, opening up new possibilities for their pharmaceutical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Tao
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Quyi Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Junyang Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ziyue Zhou
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Bingjie Yue
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Shu Jiang
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
- Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Chinese Medical Resources Industrialization, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tianjie Yuan
- School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
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Yang X, Shi J, Li H, Zhang K, Li J, Song Q. Characterization of the metabolic fate of sinapic acid in rats. Anal Bioanal Chem 2023; 415:6511-6523. [PMID: 37695392 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-023-04929-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Sinapic acid (SA) is ubiquitously distributed in the plant kingdom as a free organic acid and more frequently as a biosynthetic pioneer for SA derivatives, e.g., SA esters. Broad biological and pharmacological activities have been disclosed for SA. Because of the metabolism lability property, metabolites instead of the parent compound should be the primary forms after oral treatment of SA, and those metabolites should also be rapidly observed from SA following administration of SA derivative. Hence, the metabolites might provide a primary contribution to the pharmacological properties of SA; however, the metabolite profile remains unclear. Here, our efforts were devoted to addressing this issue through deploying online energy-resolved mass spectrometry (ER-MS) to accomplish isomer identification which is the key issue hindering metabolite identification, notably those conjugated metabolites. After recording breakdown graphs of concerned fragment ions with online ER-MS, the positive correlations between optimal collision energy (OCE) and bond dissociation energy (BDE) were applied to assign candidate structures to isomeric signals. Moreover, in vitro metabolism with liver cellular subfractions, UV-triggered cis-/trans-configuration transformation, and wet-chemistry hydrogenation were carried out to justify the structures. As a result, sixteen metabolites (M1-M16) were found and confirmatively identified in rat plasma and urine following SA administration, and sulfation, glucuronidation, demethylation, reduction, and dihydroxylation served as the primary metabolic channels. Noteworthily, greater distribution occurred for sulfation and glucuronidation products while inferior distributions were observed for phase I metabolites, and the half-life (T1/2) of most metabolites was greater than that of SA. This study provides a comprehensive insight into the metabolic fate of SA. More importantly, the fortification of online ER-MS and quantum structure calculation to the conventional LC-MS program is eligible to achieve unambiguous identification of isomeric metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangfen Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jingjing Shi
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Han Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Ke Zhang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Jun Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China
| | - Qingqing Song
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, 102488, China.
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Zulfiqar F, Ali Z, Viljoen AM, Chittiboyina AG, Khan IA. Flavonoid glycosides and ellagic acid cognates from defatted African mango ( Irvingia gabonensis) seed kernel. Nat Prod Res 2023; 37:2878-2887. [PMID: 36318869 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2022.2140151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2022] [Revised: 09/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Seventeen compounds of diverse classes including four flavonoid glycosides, five ellagic acid derivatives, and eight other metabolites were isolated from the methanolic extract of the defatted seed kernel of Irvingia gabonensis. Among the isolates, quercetin 3-O-methyl-4'-[α-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→3)]-O-α-L-rhamnopyranoside (1) and 3,3'-di-O-methyl-4'-O-α-L-rhamnopyranosylellagic acid 4-sulfate ester (5) were found to be previously undescribed. Structure elucidation was mainly achieved by the interpretation of 1D and 2D NMR and HRESIMS spectral data. Though compound 6 was previously reported, its 13C NMR data is being reported herein for the first time. To the best of our literature search knowledge, this is the first phytochemical report on I. gabonensis seed kernels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazila Zulfiqar
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Zulfiqar Ali
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Alvaro M Viljoen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
- SAMRC Herbal Drugs Research Unit, Tshwane University of Technology, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Amar G Chittiboyina
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
| | - Ikhlas A Khan
- National Center for Natural Products Research, School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
- Division of Pharmacognosy, Department of BioMolecular Sciences School of Pharmacy, University of Mississippi, University, MS, USA
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Zahid HF, Ali A, Ranadheera CS, Fang Z, Dunshea FR, Ajlouni S. In vitro bioaccessibility of phenolic compounds and alpha-glucosidase inhibition activity in yoghurts enriched with mango peel powder. FOOD BIOSCI 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fbio.2022.102011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Hell T, Dobrzyński M, Gröflin F, Reinhardt JK, Dürr L, Pertz O, Hamburger M, Garo E. Flavonoids from Ericameria nauseosa inhibiting PI3K/AKT pathway in human melanoma cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 156:113754. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.113754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
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Ha AT, Rahmawati L, You L, Hossain MA, Kim JH, Cho JY. Anti-Inflammatory, Antioxidant, Moisturizing, and Antimelanogenesis Effects of Quercetin 3-O-β-D-Glucuronide in Human Keratinocytes and Melanoma Cells via Activation of NF-κB and AP-1 Pathways. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 23:ijms23010433. [PMID: 35008862 PMCID: PMC8745180 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23010433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Quercetin 3-O-β-D-glucuronide (Q-3-G), the glucuronide conjugate of quercetin, has been reported as having anti-inflammatory properties in the lipopolysaccharide-stimulated macrophages, as well as anticancer and antioxidant properties. Unlike quercetin, which has been extensively described to possess a wide range of pharmacological activities including skin protective effects, the pharmacological benefits and mechanisms Q-3-G in the skin remained to be elucidated. This study focused on characterizing the skin protective properties, including anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, of Q-3-G against UVB-induced or H2O2-induced oxidative stress, the hydration effects, and antimelanogenesis activities using human keratinocytes (HaCaT) and melanoma (B16F10) cells. Q-3-G down-regulated the expression of the pro-inflammatory gene and cytokine such as cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in H2O2 or UVB-irradiated HaCaT cells. We also showed that Q-3-G exhibits an antioxidant effect using free radical scavenging assays, flow cytometry, and an increased expression of nuclear factor erythroid 2- related factor 2 (Nrf2). Q-3-G reduced melanin production in α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH)-induced B16F10 cells. The hydration effects and mechanisms of Q-3-G were examined by evaluating the moisturizing factor-related genes, such as transglutaminase-1 (TGM-1), filaggrin (FLG), and hyaluronic acid synthase (HAS)-1. In addition, Q-3-G increased the phosphorylation of c-Jun, Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK), Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) kinase 4 (MKK4), and TAK1, involved in the MAPKs/AP-1 pathway, and the phosphorylation of IκBα, IκB kinase (IKK)-α, Akt, and Src, involved in the NF-κB pathway. Taken together, we have demonstrated that Q-3-G exerts anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, moisturizing, and antimelanogenesis properties in human keratinocytes and melanoma cells through NF-κB and AP-1 pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anh Thu Ha
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Laily Rahmawati
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Long You
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
| | - Mohammad Amjad Hossain
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
| | - Jong-Hoon Kim
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Medicine, Chonbuk National University, Iksan 54596, Korea;
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-2563 (J.-H.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
| | - Jae Youl Cho
- Department of Integrative Biotechnology, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea; (A.T.H.); (L.R.); (L.Y.)
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon 16419, Korea
- Correspondence: (J.-H.K.); (J.Y.C.); Tel.: +82-63-270-2563 (J.-H.K.); +82-31-290-7868 (J.Y.C.)
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Abstract
Covering: 2015 up to July 2021The market for cosmetics is consumer driven and the desire for green, sustainable and natural ingredients is increasing. The use of isolated enzymes and whole-cell organisms to synthesise these products is congruent with these values, especially when combined with the use of renewable, recyclable or waste feedstocks. The literature of biocatalysis for the synthesis of ingredients in cosmetics in the past five years is herein reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel S Heath
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Rebecca E Ruscoe
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
| | - Nicholas J Turner
- Manchester Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Chemistry, University of Manchester, 131 Princess Street, Manchester, M1 7DN, UK.
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Abstract
Quercetin is a flavonoid present in a wide variety of plant resources. Over the years, extensive efforts have been devoted to examining the potential biological effects of quercetin and to manipulating the chemical and physical properties of the flavonoid. However, limited studies have reviewed the opportunities and challenges of using quercetin in the development of functional foods. To address this necessity, in this review; we foremost present an overview of the chemical properties and stability of quercetin in food products followed by a detailed discussion of various strategies that enhance its oral bioavailability. We further highlight the areas to be practically considered during development of quercetin-based functional foods. By revisiting the current status of applied research on quercetin, it is anticipated that useful insights enabling research on quercetin can be potentially translated into practical applications in food product development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing-Fu Lai
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China.,Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, China
| | - Wing-Tak Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
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Adiji OA, Docampo-Palacios ML, Alvarez-Hernandez A, Pasinetti GM, Wang X, Dixon RA. UGT84F9 is the major flavonoid UDP-glucuronosyltransferase in Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol 2021; 185:1617-1637. [PMID: 33694362 PMCID: PMC8133618 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiab016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Mammalian phase II metabolism of dietary plant flavonoid compounds generally involves substitution with glucuronic acid. In contrast, flavonoids mainly exist as glucose conjugates in plants, and few plant UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes have been identified to date. In the model legume Medicago truncatula, the major flavonoid compounds in the aerial parts of the plant are glucuronides of the flavones apigenin and luteolin. Here we show that the M. truncatula glycosyltransferase UGT84F9 is a bi-functional glucosyl/glucuronosyl transferase in vitro, with activity against a wide range of flavonoid acceptor molecules including flavones. However, analysis of metabolite profiles in leaves and roots of M. truncatula ugt84f9 loss of function mutants revealed that the enzyme is essential for formation of flavonoid glucuronides, but not most flavonoid glucosides, in planta. We discuss the use of plant UGATs for the semi-synthesis of flavonoid phase II metabolites for clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olubu A Adiji
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Maite L Docampo-Palacios
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Anislay Alvarez-Hernandez
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Giulio M Pasinetti
- Department of Psychiatry, The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York City, New York 10029
| | - Xiaoqiang Wang
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
| | - Richard A Dixon
- BioDiscovery Institute and Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas 76203
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