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Liao B, Liao P, Hu R, Cai T, Zhang Y, Yu Q, Zhang B, Shu Y, Wang J, Luo Y, Cui Y. Mitigating ammonia volatilization in rice cultivation: The impact of partial organic fertilizer substitution. Chemosphere 2023; 344:140326. [PMID: 37777091 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/28/2023] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Optimizing water and nitrogen management to minimize NH3 volatilization from paddy fields has been extensively studied. However, there is limited research on the combined effect of different rates of organic fertilizer substitution (OFS) and irrigation methods in rice cultivation, exploring an effective water and nitrogen combination is beneficial to mitigate NH3 volatilization. To address this gap, we conducted a two-year field experiment to investigate NH3 volatilization under different OFS rates (0%, 25%, and 50%) combined with continuous flooding irrigation (CF) and alternate wet and dry irrigation (AWD). Our findings revealed that NH3 fluxes exhibited similar emission patterns after each fertilization event and significantly decreased with increasing rates of OFS during the basal stage. Compared to no substitution (ON0), the low (ON25) and high (ON50) rates of OFS reduced cumulative NH3 emissions by 18.9% and 16.6%, and lowed NH3 emission factors (EFs) by 26.7% and 23.3%, respectively. Although OFS resulted in a slight reduction in rice yield, yield-scaled NH3 emissions were significantly reduced by 11.9% and 6.5% under the low and high substitution rates, respectively. This reduction was mainly attributed to the slight yield reduction observed at the low substitution rate. Furthermore, when combined with ON0, AWD irrigation had the potential to increase NH3 volatilization. However, this increase was not observed when combined with ON25 and ON50. During each fertilization stage, floodwater + concentration emerged as the prominent environmental factor influencing NH3 volatilization, showing a stronger and more positive correlation compared to other factors such as floodwater pH, soil pH, and NH4+ concentration. Based on our findings, we recommend implementing effective water and nitrogen management strategies to minimize NH3 volatilization in rice cultivation. This involves applying a lower rate of organic fertilizer substitution during the basal stage, maintaining high water levels during fertilization, and implementing mild AWD irrigation during non-fertilization periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bin Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Ping Liao
- Research Institute of Rice Industrial Engineering Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, 225009, China
| | - Ronggui Hu
- Key Laboratory of Arable Land Conservation (Middle and Lower Reaches of Yangtze River) of the Ministry of Agriculture, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Tianchi Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuting Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Qian Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Bochao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yonghong Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Jiaer Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yufeng Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China
| | - Yuanlai Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering Science, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, Hubei, China.
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Malviya D, Singh P, Singh UB, Paul S, Kumar Bisen P, Rai JP, Verma RL, Fiyaz RA, Kumar A, Kumari P, Dei S, Ahmed MR, Bagyaraj DJ, Singh HV. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi-mediated activation of plant defense responses in direct seeded rice ( Oryza sativa L.) against root-knot nematode Meloidogyne graminicola. Front Microbiol 2023; 14:1104490. [PMID: 37200920 PMCID: PMC10185796 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1104490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizosphere is the battlefield of beneficial and harmful (so called phytopathogens) microorganisms. Moreover, these microbial communities are struggling for their existence in the soil and playing key roles in plant growth, mineralization, nutrient cycling and ecosystem functioning. In the last few decades, some consistent pattern have been detected so far that link soil community composition and functions with plant growth and development; however, it has not been studied in detail. AM fungi are model organisms, besides potential role in nutrient cycling; they modulate biochemical pathways directly or indirectly which lead to better plant growth under biotic and abiotic stress conditions. In the present investigations, we have elucidated the AM fungi-mediated activation of plant defense responses against Meloidogyne graminicola causing root-knot disease in direct seeded rice (Oryza sativa L.). The study describes the multifarious effects of Funneliformis mosseae, Rhizophagus fasciculatus, and Rhizophagus intraradices inoculated individually or in combination under glasshouse conditions in rice plants. It was found that F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices when applied individually or in combination modulated the biochemical and molecular mechanisms in the susceptible and resistant inbred lines of rice. AM inoculation significantly increased various plant growth attributes in plants with simultaneous decrease in the root-knot intensity. Among these, the combined application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus, and R. intraradices was found to enhance the accumulation and activities of biomolecules and enzymes related to defense priming as well as antioxidation in the susceptible and resistant inbred lines of rice pre-challenged with M. graminicola. The application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices, induced the key genes involved in plant defense and signaling and it has been demonstrated for the first time. Results of the present investigation advocated that the application of F. mosseae, R. fasciculatus and R. intraradices, particularly a combination of all three, not only helped in the control of root-knot nematodes but also increased plant growth as well as enhances the gene expression in rice. Thus, it proved to be an excellent biocontrol as well as plant growth-promoting agent in rice even when the crop is under biotic stress of the root-knot nematode, M. graminicola.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepti Malviya
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Prakash Singh
- Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Dumraon, India
| | - Udai B Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | - Surinder Paul
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
| | | | - Jai P Rai
- Department of Mycology and Plant Pathology, Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Ram Lakhan Verma
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-National Rice Research Institute, Cuttack, India
| | - R Abdul Fiyaz
- Division of Crop Improvement, ICAR-Indian Institute of Rice Research, Hyderabad, India
| | - A Kumar
- Bihar Agricultural University, Bhagalpur, India
| | - Poonam Kumari
- Agrotechnology Division, CSIR-Institute of Himalayan Bioresource Technology, Palampur, India
| | | | - Mohd Reyaz Ahmed
- Department of Plant Pathology, Veer Kunwar Singh College of Agriculture, Bihar Agricultural University, Dumraon, India
| | - D J Bagyaraj
- Centre for Natural Biological Resources and Community Development, Bengaluru, India
| | - Harsh V Singh
- Plant-Microbe Interaction and Rhizosphere Biology Lab, ICAR-National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Microorganisms, Maunath Bhanjan, India
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Cai S, Zhao X, Liu X, Yan X. Nitrogen management to minimize yield-scaled ammonia emission from paddy rice in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin: A meta-analysis. Environ Pollut 2023; 318:120854. [PMID: 36509351 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2022.120854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Paddy fields in China contributed to one third of the global cropland ammonia (NH3) emission inventory, while rice accounted for half of cereal consumption, necessitating exhaustive considerations of the balance between NH3 emissions abatement and food demand. The concept of yield-scaled emission intensity (emissions per unit crop production) has the potential to guide sustainable intensification strategies, yet its application to NH3 emissions remains poorly understood. Here, by constructing novel crop-specific models for single rice production and NH3 emissions in the Middle and Lower Yangtze River Basin (LYRB) as a case study, the relationships between fertilizer N application and yield-scaled NH3 were estimated. Contrary to our hypothesis of a tipping point, our results showed that yield-scaled NH3 curves could not directly identify optimal nitrogen (N) rates. However, the benefit of lower N fertilizer rate on NH3 abatement consistently outweighed the risk of yield loss. The exponential relationships between yield-scaled NH3 and N surplus allowed us to estimate the N surplus criterion as 15.6 kg N ha-1 (or 190 kg N ha-1 fertilizer N rate) for the LYRB. Under the N surplus criterion, NH3 emissions can be reduced by 23-27% without severely impacting rice yield, compared to the N rate required for the highest yield. Moreover, five major controlling factors for yield-scaled NH3 were estimated by random forest models, ranked in order of importance as N rate, total N, K rate, mean annual precipitation, and soil organic carbon. Among the agricultural practices (irrigation, tillage, and fertilizer management), deep placement was the most effective measure to reduce yield-scaled NH3, showing 48% reduction potential, followed by proper N splitting frequency (43%). Overall, this study highlights the efficacy of N application optimization and targeted farm management in mitigating NH3 emission while maintaining crop productivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siyuan Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xu Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Xuejun Liu
- College of Resources and Environmental Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, PR China
| | - Xiaoyuan Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture, Changshu National Agro-Ecosystem Observation and Research Station, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, PR China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
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