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Pujari AK, Kaur R, Reddy YN, Paul S, Gogde K, Bhaumik J. Design and Synthesis of Metalloporphyrin Nanoconjugates for Dual Light-Responsive Antimicrobial Photodynamic Therapy. J Med Chem 2024; 67:2004-2018. [PMID: 38241140 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.3c01841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Antimicrobial photodynamic therapy (APDT) utilizes photosensitizers (PSs) that eradicate a broad spectrum of bacteria in the presence of light and molecular oxygen. On the other hand, some light sources such as ultraviolet (UVB and UVC) have poor penetration and high cytotoxicity, leading to undesired PDT of the PSs. Herein, we have synthesized conjugatable mesosubstituted porphyrins and extensively characterized them. Time-dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) calculations revealed that metalloporphyrin EP (5) is a suitable candidate for further applications. Subsequently, the metalloporphyrin was conjugated with lignin-based zinc oxide nanocomposites (ZnOAL and ZnOKL) to develop hydrophilic nanoconjugates (ZnOAL@EP and ZnOKL@EP). Upon dual light (UV + green light) exposure, nanoconjugates showed enhanced singlet oxygen generation ability and also demonstrated pH responsiveness. These nanoconjugates displayed significantly improved APDT efficiency (4-7 fold increase) to treat bacterial infection under dual light irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anil Kumar Pujari
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ravneet Kaur
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
| | - Yeddula Nikhileshwar Reddy
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- Indian Institute of Science Education and Research (IISER), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S. A. S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Shatabdi Paul
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- Regional Centre for Biotechnology (RCB), Faridabad, Haryana 121001, India
| | - Kunal Gogde
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences (UIPS), Panjab University, Sector 14, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Jayeeta Bhaumik
- Department of Bioproduct Chemistry, Center of Innovative and Applied Bioprocessing (CIAB), Knowledge City, Sector 81, S.A.S. Nagar, Mohali, Punjab 140308, India
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