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Birrer S, Cheon SI, Zarzar LD. We the Droplets: A Constitutional Approach to Active and Self-Propelled Emulsions. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2022.101623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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2
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Wentworth CM, Castonguay AC, Moerman PG, Meredith CH, Balaj RV, Cheon SI, Zarzar LD. Chemically Tuning Attractive and Repulsive Interactions between Solubilizing Oil Droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202204510. [PMID: 35678216 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202204510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Micellar solubilization is a transport process occurring in surfactant-stabilized emulsions that can lead to Marangoni flow and droplet motility. Active droplets exhibit self-propulsion and pairwise repulsion due to solubilization processes and/or solubilization products raising the droplet's interfacial tension. Here, we report emulsions with the opposite behavior, wherein solubilization decreases the interfacial tension and causes droplets to attract. We characterize the influence of oil chemical structure, nonionic surfactant structure, and surfactant concentration on the interfacial tensions and Marangoni flows of solubilizing oil-in-water drops. Three regimes corresponding to droplet "attraction", "repulsion" or "inactivity" are identified. We believe these studies contribute to a fundamental understanding of solubilization processes in emulsions and provide guidance as to how chemical parameters can influence the dynamics and chemotactic interactions between active droplets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ciera M Wentworth
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Alexander C Castonguay
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Pepijn G Moerman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21218, USA
| | - Caleb H Meredith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Rebecca V Balaj
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Seong Ik Cheon
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Lauren D Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Department of Materials Science and Engineering, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA.,Materials Research Institute, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
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3
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Ryabchun A, Babu D, Movilli J, Plamont R, Stuart MC, Katsonis N. Run-and-halt motility of droplets in response to light. Chem 2022; 8:2290-2300. [PMID: 36003886 PMCID: PMC9387750 DOI: 10.1016/j.chempr.2022.06.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 09/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Microscopic motility is a property that emerges from systems of interacting molecules. Unraveling the mechanisms underlying such motion requires coupling the chemistry of molecules with physical processes that operate at larger length scales. Here, we show that photoactive micelles composed of molecular switches gate the autonomous motion of oil droplets in water. These micelles switch from large trans-micelles to smaller cis-micelles in response to light, and only the trans-micelles are effective fuel for the motion. Ultimately, it is this light that controls the movement of the droplets via the photochemistry of the molecules composing the micelles used as fuel. Notably, the droplets evolve positive photokinetic movement, and in patchy light environments, they preferentially move toward peripheral areas as a result of the difference in illumination conditions at the periphery. Our findings demonstrate that engineering the interplay between molecular photo-chemistry and microscopic motility allows designing motile systems rationally. Molecular photoswitches mediate the motility of droplets Photoactive micelles formed by molecular switches fuel droplet motion Photoactive micelles gate motility in response to light Droplets evolve motile patterns such as run-and-halt and photokinetic motion
From the swim of bacteria to the beat of a heart, macroscopic movement is a hallmark of life and is ultimately driven by molecular machines. Artificial molecular machines display sophisticated motion with the potential to be harnessed into the purposeful movement of compartments. However, our perception of macroscopic movement differs from the rules that govern movement at the molecular scale. Large-scale functional movement can only emerge when molecular chemistry is coupled to physical processes that operate at larger length scales. We show that the geometry of the amphiphilic switches (molecular level) determines the geometry of micelles (supramolecular level), which in turn determines whether droplet movement can emerge (ensemble level). Eventually, the droplets display motile patterns reminiscent of those of swimming cells. We conclude that molecular behavior can be related to droplet motility rationally, which is a prerequisite for the design of functional motile systems.
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Wentworth CM, Castonguay AC, Moerman PG, Meredith CH, Balaj RV, Cheon SI, Zarzar LD. Chemically Tuning Attractive and Repulsive Interactions between Solubilizing Oil Droplets. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202204510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ciera M. Wentworth
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | | | - Pepijn G. Moerman
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Johns Hopkins University Baltimore MD 21218 USA
| | - Caleb H. Meredith
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Rebecca V. Balaj
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Seong Ik Cheon
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
| | - Lauren D. Zarzar
- Department of Chemistry The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
- Materials Research Institute The Pennsylvania State University University Park PA 16802 USA
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Abstract
Motility is the capacity for living organisms to move autonomously and with purpose, and is essential to life. The transition from abiotic chemistry into motile cellular compartments has yet to be understood, but motile behaviour likely followed chemical evolution because primeval cell survival depended on scouting for resources effectively. Minimalistic motile systems provide an experimental framework to delineate the emergence mechanisms of such an evolutionary asset. In this Review, we discuss frontier developments in controlling the movement of droplets in lipid systems, in particular, chemotactic behaviours driven by fluctuations in interfacial tension, because of its simple mechanism and prebiotic relevance. Although most efforts have focused on designing oil droplet motility in lipid-rich aqueous solutions, we highlight that water droplets can also move in lipid-enriched oils. First, we describe how droplets evolve chemotactic motility in lipid systems. Next, we review how these oil droplets can adapt their movement to illumination conditions. Finally, we discuss examples where chemical reactivity brings complexity to motility. This work contributes to systems chemistry, where chemical reactions combined with physicochemical phenomena can yield new functions, such that a limited set of molecules can promote complex movement at larger functional scales by following the rules of molecular chemistry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanya Babu
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Nathalie Katsonis
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.
| | - Federico Lancia
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Remi Plamont
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Alexander Ryabchun
- Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Suematsu NJ, Mori Y, Amemiya T, Nakata S. Spontaneous Mode Switching of Self-Propelled Droplet Motion Induced by a Clock Reaction in the Belousov-Zhabotinsky Medium. J Phys Chem Lett 2021; 12:7526-7530. [PMID: 34346682 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c02079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Interfacial chemical dynamics on a droplet generate various self-propelled motions. For example, ballistic and random motions arise depending on the physicochemical conditions inside the droplet and its environment. In this study, we focus on the relationship between oxidant concentrations in an aqueous droplet and its mode of self-propelled motion in an oil phase including surfactant. We demonstrated that the chemical conditions inside self-propelled aqueous droplets were changed systematically, indicating that random motion appeared at higher concentrations of oxidants, which were H2SO4 and BrO3-, and ballistic motion at lower concentrations. In addition, spontaneous mode switching from ballistic to random motion was successfully demonstrated by adding malonic acid, wherein the initially observed reduced state of the aqueous solution suddenly changed to the oxidized state. Although we only observed one-time transition and have not yet succeeded to realize alternation between ballistic (reduced state) and random motion (oxidized state), such spontaneous transitions are fundamental steps in realizing artificial cells and understanding the fundamental mechanisms of life-like behavior, such as bacterial chemotaxis originating from periodical run-and-tumble motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
- Meiji Institute of Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Mori
- Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Ohtsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-8610, Japan
| | - Takashi Amemiya
- Graduate School of Environment and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Integrated Sciences for Life, Hiroshima University, 1-3-1 Kagamiyama, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
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Babu D, Scanes RJH, Plamont R, Ryabchun A, Lancia F, Kudernac T, Fletcher SP, Katsonis N. Acceleration of lipid reproduction by emergence of microscopic motion. Nat Commun 2021; 12:2959. [PMID: 34011926 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23022-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2020] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Self-reproducing molecules abound in nature where they support growth and motion of living systems. In artificial settings, chemical reactions can also show complex kinetics of reproduction, however integrating self-reproducing molecules into larger chemical systems remains a challenge towards achieving higher order functionality. Here, we show that self-reproducing lipids can initiate, sustain and accelerate the movement of octanol droplets in water. Reciprocally, the chemotactic movement of the octanol droplets increases the rate of lipid reproduction substantially. Reciprocal coupling between bond-forming chemistry and droplet motility is thus established as an effect of the interplay between molecular-scale events (the self-reproduction of lipid molecules) and microscopic events (the chemotactic movement of the droplets). This coupling between molecular chemistry and microscopic motility offers alternative means of performing work and catalysis in micro-heterogeneous environments.
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Toyota T, Sugiyama H, Hiroi S, Ito H, Kitahata H. Chemically artificial rovers based on self-propelled droplets in micrometer-scale environment. Curr Opin Colloid Interface Sci 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cocis.2020.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Tanabe T, Ogasawara T, Suematsu NJ. Effect of a product on spontaneous droplet motion driven by a chemical reaction of surfactant. Phys Rev E 2020; 102:023102. [PMID: 32942422 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.102.023102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
We focus on the self-propelled motion of an oil droplet within an aqueous phase or an aqueous droplet within an oil phase, which originates from an interfacial chemical reaction of surfactant. The droplet motion has been explained by mathematical models, which require the assumption that the chemical reaction increases the interfacial tension. However, several experimental reports have demonstrated self-propelled motion with the chemical reaction decreasing the interfacial tension. Our motivation is to construct an improved mathematical model, which explains these experimental observations. In this process, we consider the concentrations of the reactant and product on the interface and of the reactant in the bulk. Our numerical calculations indicate that the droplet potentially moves in the cases of both an increase and a decrease in the interfacial tension. In addition, the reaction rate and size dependencies of the droplet speed observed in experiments were well reproduced using our model. These results indicate the potential of our model as a universal one for droplet motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Tanabe
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8252, Japan
| | - Takuto Ogasawara
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
| | - Nobuhiko J Suematsu
- Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS), Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8252, Japan
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University, 4-21-1 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-8525, Japan
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11
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Lancia F, Yamamoto T, Ryabchun A, Yamaguchi T, Sano M, Katsonis N. Reorientation behavior in the helical motility of light-responsive spiral droplets. Nat Commun 2019; 10:5238. [PMID: 31748502 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-13201-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The physico-chemical processes supporting life's purposeful movement remain essentially unknown. Self-propelling chiral droplets offer a minimalistic model of swimming cells and, in surfactant-rich water, droplets of chiral nematic liquid crystals follow the threads of a screw. We demonstrate that the geometry of their trajectory is determined by both the number of turns in, and the handedness of, their spiral organization. Using molecular motors as photo-invertible chiral dopants allows converting between right-handed and left-handed trajectories dynamically, and droplets subjected to such an inversion reorient in a direction that is also encoded by the number of spiral turns. This motile behavior stems from dynamic transmission of chirality, from the artificial molecular motors to the liquid crystal in confinement and eventually to the helical trajectory, in analogy with the chirality-operated motion and reorientation of swimming cells and unicellular organisms.
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Kasuo Y, Kitahata H, Koyano Y, Takinoue M, Asakura K, Banno T. Start of Micrometer-Sized Oil Droplet Motion through Generation of Surfactants. Langmuir 2019; 35:13351-13355. [PMID: 31550892 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.9b01722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Self-propelled motion of micrometer-sized oil droplets in surfactant solution has drawn much attention as an example of nonlinear life-like dynamics under far-from-equilibrium conditions. The driving force of this motion is thought to be induced by Marangoni convection based on heterogeneity in the interfacial tension at the droplet surface. Here, to clarify the required conditions for the self-propelled motion of oil droplets, we have constructed a chemical system, where oil droplet motion is induced by the production of 1,2,3-triazole-containing surfactants through the Cu-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition reaction. From the results of the visualization and analysis of flow fields around the droplet, the motion of the droplets could be attributed to the formation of flow fields, which achieved sufficient strength caused by the in situ production of surfactants at the droplet surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yui Kasuo
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kitahata
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science , Chiba University , 1-33 Yayoi-cho , Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522 , Japan
| | - Yuki Koyano
- Department of Physics , Tohoku University , 6-3 Aramaki-Aza-Aoba , Aoba-ku, Miyagi 980-8578 , Japan
| | - Masahiro Takinoue
- Department of Computer Science , Tokyo Institute of Technology , 4259 Nagatsuta-cho , Midori-ku , Yokohama 226-8502 , Japan
| | - Kouichi Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
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13
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Abstract
Self-propelled droplets can spontaneously move using chemical energy. In several reports of self-propelled droplets, interfacial chemical reactions occur at the oil/aqueous interface to induce the Marangoni flow. While the dynamics of interfacial tension is essential to the droplet motion, there are few reports that quantitatively discuss the moving mechanism based on interfacial tension measurements. In this study, we focused on the self-propelled motion of an aqueous droplet in the oil phase, where the surfactant monoolein reacts with bromine at the interface, and estimated the physicochemical parameters related to the droplet motion based on the time series of interfacial tension. These results may reveal the general mechanism for the self-propelled motion of aqueous/oil droplets driven by the interfacial chemical reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kazumi Saikusa
- Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan
| | | | - Shunsuke Izumi
- Graduate School of Science , Hiroshima University , 1-3-1 Kagamiyama , Higashihiroshima , Hiroshima 739-8526 , Japan
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Sato S, Sakuta H, Sadakane K, Yoshikawa K. Self-Synchronous Swinging Motion of a Pair of Autonomous Droplets. ACS Omega 2019; 4:12766-12770. [PMID: 31460400 PMCID: PMC6682140 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.9b01533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Synchronized motion between two self-running oil droplets floating on an aqueous phase is reported. We describe the results of our observation on the interference between a pair of centimeter-sized nitrobenzene droplets undergoing back-and-forth motion on a waterway. The two droplets exhibit a swinging type of synchronization when a thin glass capillary is placed at the midpoint of the waterway with a narrow rectangle shape. Furthermore, 2:1 synchronized oscillation of the periodicities of this back-and-forth motion is generated when the capillary is shifted away from the center of the waterway. We discuss the mechanism of the emergence of synchronized swinging motion for the pair of droplets based on a simple mathematical model with nonlinear coupled differential equations.
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Čejková J, Schwarzenberger K, Eckert K, Tanaka S. Dancing performance of organic droplets in aqueous surfactant solutions. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2019.01.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Jia K, Zhang X, Zhang L, Yu L, Wu Y, Li L, Mai Y, Liao B. Photoinduced Reconfiguration of Complex Emulsions Using a Photoresponsive Surfactant. Langmuir 2018; 34:11544-11552. [PMID: 30184432 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b02456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Photoresponsive complex emulsions are prepared in a three-phase system consisting of two oils: hexane (H) and perfluorooctane (F). An aqueous solution of a mixed surfactant of fluorosurfactant, F(CF2) x(CH2CH2O) yH (Zonyl FS-300), and a synthesized light-responsive surfactant, 2-(4-(4-butylphenyl)diazenylphenoxy)ethyltrimethylammonium bromide (C4AZOC2TAB) was employed as the continuous phase. Complex emulsions with various geometries were prepared by one-step vortex mixing and a temperature-induced phase-separation method. It was noticed that the topology of the complex emulsion was highly dependent on the mass ratio of Zonyl FS-300/C4AZOC2TAB. Light microscopy images showed that phase inversion from an H/F/W- to an F/H/W-type double emulsion via a Janus emulsion was achieved by gradually increasing the mass ratio of C4AZOC2TAB/Zonyl FS-300. Upon UV/blue light irradiation, the topology of complex emulsions was turned to switch from an F/H/W double emulsion to a Janus emulsion to an entirely inverted H/F/W double emulsion. Dynamic interfacial tension measurements showed that UV irradiation of the interface between an aqueous trans-C4AZOC2TAB solution and hexane brings about an increase in the interfacial tension, suggesting the nature of photoinduced morphological changes in complex emulsions. The reconfiguration process of complex emulsions was illustrated by the Marangoni effect based on heterogeneity in the interfacial tension at the complex emulsion surface induced by controlling the molecular conversion of C4AZOC2TAB using light irradiation. Finally, we used the complex emulsions structure to form an on-off switch to start and shut off the evaporation of one volatile phase to achieve process monitoring. This could be used to initiate and quench a reaction, which offers a novel idea for achieving switchable and reversible reaction control in multiple-phase reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangle Jia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Xiong Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Longfei Yu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yuchao Wu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Li Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Yuliang Mai
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Bing Liao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Industrial Surfactant , Guangdong Research Institute of Petrochemical and Fine Chemical Engineering , Guangzhou 510000 , Guangdong P. R. China
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Hirono A, Toyota T, Asakura K, Banno T. Locomotion Mode of Micrometer-Sized Oil Droplets in Solutions of Cationic Surfactants Having Ester or Ether Linkages. Langmuir 2018; 34:7821-7826. [PMID: 29878786 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.8b01352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Micrometer-sized self-propelled oil droplets under a far-from-equilibrium condition have drawn much attention because of their potential as a dynamic model for the chemical machinery in living organisms. To clarify the effect of interactions between the system components (surfactant, oil, and water) on the locomotion mode of droplets, we investigated the behaviors of oil droplets composed of n-heptyloxybenzaldehyde (HBA) in solutions of cationic surfactants having or not having an ester or an ether linkage. It was observed that in solutions of cationic surfactants having an ester or an ether linkage, spherical HBA droplets self-propelled by changing their direction frequently. On the other hand, when this functional group is absent, a slow self-propelled motion of the oil droplets concurrent with the evolution of aggregates on their surface was observed. From the results of measurement of interfacial tension and assessment of self-emulsification, we determined that the attractive interactions of cationic surfactants without an ester or an ether linkage with HBA are stronger than those having the linkage. The difference in the locomotion mode of oil droplets is probably explained from the viewpoint of the interactions among the system components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayana Hirono
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Taro Toyota
- Department of Basic Science, Graduate School of Arts and Sciences , The University of Tokyo , 3-8-1 Komaba , Meguro-ku, Tokyo 153-8902 , Japan
| | - Kouichi Asakura
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
| | - Taisuke Banno
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Technology , Keio University , 3-14-1 Hiyoshi , Kohoku-ku, Yokohama 223-8522 , Japan
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Suga M, Suda S, Ichikawa M, Kimura Y. Self-propelled motion switching in nematic liquid crystal droplets in aqueous surfactant solutions. Phys Rev E 2018; 97:062703. [PMID: 30011466 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.97.062703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The self-propelled motions of micron-sized nematic liquid crystal droplets in an aqueous surfactant solution have been studied by tracking individual droplets over long time periods. Switching between self-propelled modes is observed as the droplet size decreases at a nearly constant dissolution rate: from random to helical and then straight motion. The velocity of the droplet decreases with its size for straight and helical motions but is independent of size for random motion. The switching between helical and straight motions is found to be governed by the self-propelled velocity, and is confirmed by experiments at various surfactant concentrations. The helical motion appears along with a shifting of a point defect from the self-propelled direction of the droplet. The critical velocity for this shift of the defect position is found to be related with the Ericksen number, which is defined by the ratio of the viscous and elastic stresses. In a thin cell whose thickness is smaller than that of the initial droplet size, the droplets show more complex trajectories, including "figure-8s" and zigzags. The appearance of those characteristic motions is attributed to autochemotaxis of the droplet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariko Suga
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Saori Suda
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Ichikawa
- Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwakecho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Yasuyuki Kimura
- Department of Physics, School of Science, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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19
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuhiko J. Suematsu
- Graduate School of Advanced Mathematical Sciences, Meiji Institute for Advanced Study of Mathematical Sciences (MIMS); Meiji University; Nakano 4-21-1 Tokyo 164-8525 Japan
| | - Satoshi Nakata
- Graduate School of Sciences; Hiroshima University; Kagamiyama 1-3-1 Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526 Japan
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Abstract
Self-propelled rods, which propel by themselves in the direction from the tail to the head and align nematically through collision, have been well-investigated theoretically. Various phenomena including true long-range ordered phase with the Giant number fluctuations, and the collective motion composed of many vorices were predicted using the minimal mathematical models of self-propelled rods. Using filamentous bacteria and running microtubules, we found that the predicted phenomena by the minimal models occur in the real world. This strongly indicates that there exists the unified description of self-propelled rods independent of the details of the systems. The theoretically predicted phenomena and the experimental results concerning the phenomena are reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ken H Nagai
- School of Materials Science, Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Nomi, Ishikawa 923-1292, Japan
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Uemoto S, Toyota T, Chiari L, Nomoto T, Fujinami M. Assemblies of molecular aggregates in the blebbing motion of an oil droplet on an aqueous solution containing surfactant. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2017; 529:373-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2017.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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22
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Markov A, Wolf N, Yuan X, Mayer D, Maybeck V, Offenhäusser A, Wördenweber R. Controlled Engineering of Oxide Surfaces for Bioelectronics Applications Using Organic Mixed Monolayers. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2017; 9:29265-29272. [PMID: 28783310 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.7b08481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Modifying the surfaces of oxides using self-assembled monolayers offers an exciting possibility to tailor their surface properties for various applications ranging from organic electronics to bioelectronics applications. The simultaneous use of different molecules in particular can extend this approach because the surface properties can be tuned via the ratio of the chosen molecules. This requires the composition and quality of the monolayers to be controlled on an organic level, that is, on the nanoscale. In this paper, we present a method of modifying the surface and surface properties of silicon oxide by growing self-assembled monolayers comprising various compositions of two different molecules, (3-aminopropyl)-triethoxysilane and (3-glycidyloxypropyl)-trimethoxysilane, by means of in situ controlled gas-phase deposition. The properties of the resulting mixed molecular monolayers (e.g., effective thickness, hydrophobicity, and surface potential) exhibit a perfect linear dependence on the composition of the molecular layer. Finally, coating the mixed layer with poly(l-lysine) proves that the density of proteins can be controlled by the composition as well. This indicates that the method might be an ideal way to optimize inorganic surfaces for bioelectronics applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandr Markov
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Nikolaus Wolf
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Xiaobo Yuan
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Dirk Mayer
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Vanessa Maybeck
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Andreas Offenhäusser
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
| | - Roger Wördenweber
- Institute of Complex Systems (ICS-8), Forschungszentrum Jülich , Jülich 52425, Germany
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