1
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Brufani G, Di Erasmo B, Li CJ, Vaccaro L. Csp 2-H functionalization of phenols: an effective access route to valuable materials via Csp 2-C bond formation. Chem Sci 2024; 15:3831-3871. [PMID: 38487228 PMCID: PMC10935747 DOI: 10.1039/d4sc00687a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/17/2024] Open
Abstract
In the vast majority of top-selling pharmaceutical and industrial products, phenolic structural motifs are highly prevalent. Non-functionalized simple phenols serve as building blocks in the synthesis of value-added chemicals. It is worth mentioning that lignin, being the largest renewable biomass source of aromatic building blocks in nature, mainly consists of phenolic units, which enable the production of structurally diverse phenols. Given their remarkable applicability in the chemical value chain, many efforts have been devoted to increasing the molecular complexity of the phenolic scaffold. Among the key techniques, direct functionalization of Csp2-H is a powerful tool, enabling the construction of new Csp2-C bonds in an economical and atomic manner. Herein we present and summarize the large plethora of direct Csp2-H functionalization methods that enables scaffold diversification of simple, unprotected phenols, leading to the formation of new Csp2-C bonds. In this review article, we intend to summarize the contributions that appeared in the literature mainly in the last 5 years dealing with the functionalization of unprotected phenols, both catalytic and non-catalytic. Our goal is to highlight the key findings and the ongoing challenges in the stimulating and growing research dedicated to the development of new protocols for the valorization of phenols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Brufani
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
| | - Benedetta Di Erasmo
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A0B8 Canada
| | - Chao-Jun Li
- Department of Chemistry, FRQNT Centre for Green Chemistry and Catalysis, McGill University 801 Sherbrooke Street West Montreal QC H3A0B8 Canada
| | - Luigi Vaccaro
- Laboratory of Green S.O.C., Dipartimento di Chimica, Biologia e Biotecnologie, Università degli Studi di Perugia Via Elce di Sotto 8 06123 Perugia Italy https://greensoc.chm.unipg.it
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2
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Hsu CM, Lin HB, Hou XZ, Tapales RVPP, Shih CK, Miñoza S, Tsai YS, Tsai ZN, Chan CL, Liao HH. Azetidines with All-Carbon Quaternary Centers: Merging Relay Catalysis with Strain Release Functionalization. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19049-19059. [PMID: 37589099 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
Given the importance and beneficial characteristics of decorated azetidines in medicinal chemistry, efficient strategies for their synthesis are highly sought after. Herein, we report a facile synthesis of the elusive all-carbon quaternary-center-bearing azetidines. By adopting a well-orchestrated polar-radical relay strategy, ring strain release of bench-stable benzoylated 1-azabicyclo[1.1.0]butane (ABB) can be harnessed for nickel-catalyzed Suzuki Csp2-Csp3 cross-coupling with commercially available boronic acids in broad scope (>50 examples), excellent functional group tolerance, and gram-scale utility. Preliminary mechanistic studies provided insights into the underlying mechanism, wherein the ring opening of ABB with a catalytic quantity of bromide accounts for the conversion of ABB into a redox-active azetidine, which subsequently engages in the cross-coupling reaction through a radical pathway. The synergistic bromide and nickel catalysis could intriguingly be derived from a single nickel source (NiBr2). Application of the method to modify natural products, biologically relevant molecules, and pharmaceuticals has been successfully achieved as well as the synthesis of melanocortin-1 receptor (MC-1R) agonist and vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) inhibitor analogues through bioisosteric replacements of piperidine with azetidine moieties, highlighting the potential of the method in drug optimization studies. Aside from the synthesis of azetidines, we demonstrate the ancillary utility of our nickel catalytic system toward the restricted Suzuki cross-coupling of tertiary alkyl bromides with aryl boronic acids to construct all-carbon quaternary centers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Che-Ming Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Heng-Bo Lin
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Xin-Zhi Hou
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | | | - Chen-Kuei Shih
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Shinje Miñoza
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yu-Syuan Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Zong-Nan Tsai
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Cheng-Lin Chan
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Hsuan-Hung Liao
- Department of Chemistry, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Green Hydrogen Research Center, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
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3
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Dubois MAJ, Rojas JJ, Sterling AJ, Broderick HC, Smith MA, White AJP, Miller PW, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Duarte F, Bull JA. Visible Light Photoredox-Catalyzed Decarboxylative Alkylation of 3-Aryl-Oxetanes and Azetidines via Benzylic Tertiary Radicals and Implications of Benzylic Radical Stability. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6476-6488. [PMID: 36868184 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/05/2023]
Abstract
Four-membered heterocycles offer exciting potential as small polar motifs in medicinal chemistry but require further methods for incorporation. Photoredox catalysis is a powerful method for the mild generation of alkyl radicals for C-C bond formation. The effect of ring strain on radical reactivity is not well understood, with no studies that address this question systematically. Examples of reactions that involve benzylic radicals are rare, and their reactivity is challenging to harness. This work develops a radical functionalization of benzylic oxetanes and azetidines using visible light photoredox catalysis to prepare 3-aryl-3-alkyl substituted derivatives and assesses the influence of ring strain and heterosubstitution on the reactivity of small-ring radicals. 3-Aryl-3-carboxylic acid oxetanes and azetidines are suitable precursors to tertiary benzylic oxetane/azetidine radicals which undergo conjugate addition into activated alkenes. We compare the reactivity of oxetane radicals to other benzylic systems. Computational studies indicate that Giese additions of unstrained benzylic radicals into acrylates are reversible and result in low yields and radical dimerization. Benzylic radicals as part of a strained ring, however, are less stable and more π-delocalized, decreasing dimer and increasing Giese product formation. Oxetanes show high product yields due to ring strain and Bent's rule rendering the Giese addition irreversible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Juan J Rojas
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Alistair J Sterling
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - Hannah C Broderick
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Milo A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Philip W Miller
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, 445 Eastern Point Rd., Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Fernanda Duarte
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Research Laboratory, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3TA, U.K
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, U.K
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4
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Dubois MAJ, Croft RA, Ding Y, Choi C, Owen DR, Bull JA, Mousseau JJ. Investigating 3,3-diaryloxetanes as potential bioisosteres through matched molecular pair analysis. RSC Med Chem 2021; 12:2045-2052. [PMID: 35024613 PMCID: PMC8672821 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00248a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxetanes have received increasing interest in medicinal chemistry as attractive polar and low molecular weight motifs. The application of oxetanes as replacements for methylene, methyl, gem-dimethyl and carbonyl groups has been demonstrated to often improve chemical properties of target molecules for drug discovery purposes. The investigation of the properties of 3,3-diaryloxetanes, particularly of interest as a benzophenone replacement, remains largely unexplored. With recent synthetic advances in accessing this motif we studied the effects of 3,3-diaryloxetanes on the physicochemical properties of 'drug-like' molecules. Here, we describe our efforts in the design and synthesis of a range of drug-like compounds for matched molecular pair analysis to investigate the viability of the 3,3-diaryloxetane motif as a replacement group in drug discovery. We conclude that the properties of the diaryloxetanes and ketones are similar, and generally superior to related alkyl linkers, and that diaryloxetanes provide a potentially useful new design element.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Rosemary A Croft
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Yujie Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Chulho Choi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - Dafydd R Owen
- Pfizer Medicine Design 610 Main St Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Imperial College London Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - James J Mousseau
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
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5
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Mughal H, Szostak M. Recent advances in the synthesis and reactivity of azetidines: strain-driven character of the four-membered heterocycle. Org Biomol Chem 2021; 19:3274-3286. [PMID: 33899862 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob00061f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Azetidines represent one of the most important four-membered heterocycles used in organic synthesis and medicinal chemistry. The reactivity of azetidines is driven by a considerable ring strain, while at the same the ring is significantly more stable than that of related aziridines, which translates into both facile handling and unique reactivity that can be triggered under appropriate reaction conditions. Recently, remarkable advances in the chemistry and reactivity of azetidines have been reported. In this review, we provide an overview of the synthesis, reactivity and application of azetidines that have been published in the last years with a focus on the most recent advances, trends and future directions. The review is organized by the methods of synthesis of azetidines and the reaction type used for functionalization of azetidines. Finally, recent examples of using azetidines as motifs in drug discovery, polymerization and chiral templates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haseeb Mughal
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
| | - Michal Szostak
- Department of Chemistry, Rutgers University, 73 Warren Street, Newark, NJ 07102, USA.
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6
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Karlinskii BY, Ananikov VP. Catalytic C-H Functionalization of Unreactive Furan Cores in Bio-Derived Platform Chemicals. ChemSusChem 2021; 14:558-568. [PMID: 33207076 DOI: 10.1002/cssc.202002397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2020] [Revised: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
C-H functionalization is one of the most convenient and powerful tools in the arsenal of modern chemistry, deservedly nominated as the "Holy Grail" of organic synthesis. A frequent disadvantage of this method is the need for harsh reaction conditions to carry out transformations of inert C-H bonds, which limits the possibility of its use for modifying less stable substrates. Biomass-derived furan platform chemicals, which have a relatively unstable aromatic furan core and highly reactive side chain substituents, are extremely promising and valuable organic molecules that are currently widely used in a variety of research and industrial fields. The high sensitivity of furan derivatives to acids, strong oxidants, and high temperatures significantly limits the use of classical methods of C-H functionalization for their modification. New methods of catalytic functionalization of non-reactive furan cores are urgently required to obtain a new generation of materials with controlled properties and potentially bioactive substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bogdan Y Karlinskii
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Valentine P Ananikov
- N. D. Zelinsky Institute of Organic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninsky prospekt 47, Moscow, 119991, Russia
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7
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Dubois MAJ, Smith MA, White AJP, Lee Wei Jie A, Mousseau JJ, Choi C, Bull JA. Short Synthesis of Oxetane and Azetidine 3-Aryl-3-carboxylic Acid Derivatives by Selective Furan Oxidative Cleavage. Org Lett 2020; 22:5279-5283. [PMID: 32338914 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.0c01214] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Four-membered rings remain underexplored motifs despite offering attractive physicochemical properties for medicinal chemistry. Arylacetic acids bearing oxetanes, azetidines, and cyclobutanes are prepared in two steps: a catalytic Friedel-Crafts reaction from four-membered ring alcohol substrates, followed by mild oxidative cleavage. The suitability of the products as building blocks is reflected in their facile purification and amenability to derivatization. Examples include heteroaromatics and aryltriflates, as well as oxetane-derived profen drug analogues and a new endomorphin derivative containing an azetidine amino acid residue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Milo A Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - Alvin Lee Wei Jie
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
| | - James J Mousseau
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Chulho Choi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus, Wood Lane, London W12 0BZ, United Kingdom
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8
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Abstract
A silver-mediated synthesis of α-amino ketones via the oxidative deconstruction of azetidinols has been developed using a readily scalable protocol with isolated yields up to 80%. The azetidinols are easily synthesized in one step and can act as protecting groups for these pharmaceutically relevant synthons. Furthermore, mechanistic insights are presented and these data have revealed that the transformation is likely to proceed through the β-scission of an alkoxy radical, followed by oxidation and C-N cleavage of the resulting α-amido radical.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Cristian Raclea
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Philipp Natho
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Lewis A T Allen
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Andrew J P White
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
| | - Philip J Parsons
- Department of Chemistry, Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, W12 0BZ, London, U.K
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9
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Das M, Weissenfluh A, Ly N, Trudell ML. Synthesis of Simple 3,3-Diarylazetidines from N-Boc-3-arylazetidinols Using Friedel-Crafts Arylation Conditions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:8209-8213. [PMID: 32449343 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c00454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
A synthesis of 3,3-diarylazetidines from N-Boc-3-aryl-3-azetidinols using Friedel-Crafts arylation conditions with AlCl3 is described. A series of substituted diarylazetidines were readily prepared and isolated as the oxalate salts in high yield and high purity. The 3,3-diarylazetidine oxalates were then easily converted into N-alkyl and N-acyl analogues (RX, NaHCO3/DMF/100 °C) in high overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madhurima Das
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148 United States
| | - Amber Weissenfluh
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148 United States
| | - Nam Ly
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148 United States
| | - Mark L Trudell
- Department of Chemistry, University of New Orleans, New Orleans, Louisiana 70148 United States
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10
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Abstract
A novel rearrangement sequence of 3-hydroxyazetidines via a Ritter initiated cascade provides highly substituted 2-oxazolines in high yields. The reaction conditions and substrate scope of the transformation have been studied demonstrating the generality of the process. The derived products can also be functionalized in order to undergo further intramolecular cyclization leading to a new class of macrocycle. The final cyclization step was shown to be a transformation amenable to continuous flow processing allowing for a dramatic reduction in the reaction time and simple scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ruggeri
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
| | - Amanda W Dombrowski
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology AbbVie Inc. Waukegan Road, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, United States
| | - Stevan W Djuric
- Discovery Chemistry and Technology Consulting LLC, New Bern, North Carolina 28562, United States
| | - Ian R Baxendale
- Department of Chemistry, University of Durham, South Road, Durham, Durham DH1 3LE, United Kingdom
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11
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Liu Z, Luan N, Shen L, Li J, Zou D, Wu Y, Wu Y. Palladium-Catalyzed Hiyama Cross-Couplings of Arylsilanes with 3-Iodoazetidine: Synthesis of 3-Arylazetidines. J Org Chem 2019; 84:12358-12365. [PMID: 31532668 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The first palladium-catalyzed Hiyama cross-coupling reactions of arylsilanes with 3-iodoazetidine were described. The protocol provides a convenient access to a variety of useful 3-arylazetidines which are of great interest in pharmaceutical laboratories in moderate to good yields (30%-88%). In addition, this strategy has the advantage of easy operation and mild reaction conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenwei Liu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Nannan Luan
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Linhua Shen
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Jingya Li
- Tetranov Biopharm, LLC. and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Dapeng Zou
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
| | - Yusheng Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov Biopharm, LLC. and Collaborative Innovation Center of New Drug Research and Safety Evaluation , Zhengzhou , 450052 , People's Republic of China.,Tetranov International, Inc. 100 Jersey Avenue, Suite A340 , New Brunswick , New Jersey 08901 , United States
| | - Yangjie Wu
- The College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Henan Key Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Organic Chemistry , Zhengzhou University , Zhengzhou 450052 , People's Republic of China
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12
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Affiliation(s)
- Michele Ruggeri
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
| | - Amanda W. Dombrowski
- Discovery Chemistry and TechnologyAbbVie Inc. Waukegan Road, North Chicago Illinois 60064 USA
| | - Stevan W. Djuric
- Discovery Chemistry and TechnologyAbbVie Inc. Waukegan Road, North Chicago Illinois 60064 USA
| | - I. R. Baxendale
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Durham South Road Durham DH1 3LE UK
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13
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Croft RA, Dubois MAJ, Boddy AJ, Denis C, Lazaridou A, Voisin‐Chiret AS, Bureau R, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Bull JA. Catalytic Friedel‐Crafts Reactions on Saturated Heterocycles and Small Rings for sp
3
‐sp
2
Coupling of Medicinally Relevant Fragments. European J Org Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201900498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosemary A. Croft
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Maryne A. J. Dubois
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Alexander J. Boddy
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Camille Denis
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN 14000, Caen France
| | - Anna Lazaridou
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
| | - Anne Sophie Voisin‐Chiret
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN 14000, Caen France
| | - Ronan Bureau
- Centre d'Etudes et de Recherche sur le Médicament de Normandie Normandie Univ, UNICAEN, CERMN 14000, Caen France
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Global Research and Development 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - James J. Mousseau
- Pfizer Global Research and Development 445 Eastern Point Rd. Groton CT 06340 USA
| | - James A. Bull
- Department of Chemistry Imperial College London Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus Wood Lane London W12 0BZ UK
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14
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler W. Reidl
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago, IL USA
| | - Laura L. Anderson
- Department of ChemistryUniversity of Illinois at Chicago 845 W. Taylor St. Chicago, IL USA
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15
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M. Mesa
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Hailey A. Hibbard
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
| | - Annaliese K. Franz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, One Shields Avenue, Davis, California 95616, United States
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16
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Dubois MAJ, Lazaridou A, Choi C, Mousseau JJ, Bull JA. Synthesis of 3-Aryl-3-Sulfanyl Azetidines by Iron-Catalyzed Thiol Alkylation with N-Cbz Azetidinols. J Org Chem 2019; 84:5943-5956. [PMID: 30973723 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
New small-ring derivatives can provide valuable motifs in new chemical space for drug design. 3-Aryl-3-sulfanyl azetidines are synthesized directly from azetidine-3-ols in excellent yield by a mild Fe-catalyzed thiol alkylation. A broad range of thiols and azetidinols bearing electron-donating aromatics are successful, proceeding via an azetidine carbocation. The N-carboxybenzyl group is a requirement for good reactivity and enables the NH-azetidine to be revealed. Further reactions of the azetidine sulfides demonstrate their potential for incorporation in drug discovery programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryne A J Dubois
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Anna Lazaridou
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
| | - Chulho Choi
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , 445 Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James J Mousseau
- Pfizer Medicinal Sciences , 445 Eastern Point Road , Groton , Connecticut 06340 , United States
| | - James A Bull
- Department of Chemistry , Imperial College London, Molecular Sciences Research Hub, White City Campus , Wood Lane , London W12 0BZ , U.K
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