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Zhang YH, Zhang S, Hu N, Liu Y, Ma J, Han P, Hu Z, Wang X, Cui G. Oxygen vacancy chemistry in oxide cathodes. Chem Soc Rev 2024; 53:3302-3326. [PMID: 38354058 DOI: 10.1039/d3cs00872j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Secondary batteries are a core technology for clean energy storage and conversion systems, to reduce environmental pollution and alleviate the energy crisis. Oxide cathodes play a vital role in revolutionizing battery technology due to their high capacity and voltage for oxide-based batteries. However, oxygen vacancies (OVs) are an essential type of defect that exist predominantly in both the bulk and surface regions of transition metal (TM) oxide batteries, and have a crucial impact on battery performance. This paper reviews previous studies from the past few decades that have investigated the intrinsic and anionic redox-mediated OVs in the field of secondary batteries. We focus on discussing the formation and evolution of these OVs from both thermodynamic and kinetic perspectives, as well as their impact on the thermodynamic and kinetic properties of oxide cathodes. Finally, we offer insights into the utilization of OVs to enhance the energy density and lifespan of batteries. We expect that this review will advance our understanding of the role of OVs and subsequently boost the development of high-performance electrode materials for next-generation energy storage devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Han Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Shu Zhang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Naifang Hu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Yuehui Liu
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Jun Ma
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Pengxian Han
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Zhiwei Hu
- Max Plank Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids, Nothnitzer Strasse 40, D-01187 Dresden, Germany.
| | - Xiaogang Wang
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
| | - Guanglei Cui
- Qingdao Industrial Energy Storage Research Institute, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China.
- School of Future Technology, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
- Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao 266101, P. R. China
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2
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Park H, Guo Z, Manthiram A. Effect of Oxidative Synthesis Conditions on the Performance of Single-Crystalline LiMn 2- x M x O 4 (M = Al, Fe, and Ni) Spinel Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Batteries. Small 2024; 20:e2303526. [PMID: 37786310 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 09/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
LiMn2 O4 (LMO) spinel cathode materials attract much interest due to the low price of manganese and high power density for lithium-ion batteries. However, the LMO cathodes suffer from the Mn dissolution problem at particle surfaces, which accelerates capacity fade. Herein, the authors report that the oxidative synthesis condition is a key factor in the cell performance of single-crystalline LiMn2- x Mx O4 (0.03 ≤ x ≤ 0.1, M = Al, Fe, and Ni) cathode materials prepared at 1000 °C. The use of oxygen flow during the spinel-phase formation minimizes the presence of oxygen vacancies generated at 1000 °C, thereby yielding a stoichiometrically doped LMO product; otherwise, the spinel cathode prepared in atmospheric air readily loses capacity due to the oxygen vacancies in the structure. As a way of circumventing the use of oxygen flow, a one-pot, two-step heating in air at 1000 °C and subsequently at 600 °C is used to yield the stoichiometric LMO product. The lithiation heating at 1000-600 ⁰C resulted in a significant improvement in the cycling stability of the prepared LMO cathode in graphite-based full cells. This study on oxidative synthesis conditions also confirms the advantage of minimizing the surface area of the cathode particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongjun Park
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Zezhou Guo
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
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3
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Chen K, Barai P, Kahvecioglu O, Wu L, Pupek KZ, Ge M, Ma L, Ehrlich SN, Zhong H, Zhu Y, Srinivasan V, Bai J, Wang F. Cobalt-free composite-structured cathodes with lithium-stoichiometry control for sustainable lithium-ion batteries. Nat Commun 2024; 15:430. [PMID: 38199989 PMCID: PMC10782004 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-44583-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Lithium-ion batteries play a crucial role in decarbonizing transportation and power grids, but their reliance on high-cost, earth-scarce cobalt in the commonly employed high-energy layered Li(NiMnCo)O2 cathodes raises supply-chain and sustainability concerns. Despite numerous attempts to address this challenge, eliminating Co from Li(NiMnCo)O2 remains elusive, as doing so detrimentally affects its layering and cycling stability. Here, we report on the rational stoichiometry control in synthesizing Li-deficient composite-structured LiNi0.95Mn0.05O2, comprising intergrown layered and rocksalt phases, which outperforms traditional layered counterparts. Through multiscale-correlated experimental characterization and computational modeling on the calcination process, we unveil the role of Li-deficiency in suppressing the rocksalt-to-layered phase transformation and crystal growth, leading to small-sized composites with the desired low anisotropic lattice expansion/contraction during charging and discharging. As a consequence, Li-deficient LiNi0.95Mn0.05O2 delivers 90% first-cycle Coulombic efficiency, 90% capacity retention, and close-to-zero voltage fade for 100 deep cycles, showing its potential as a Co-free cathode for sustainable Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Chen
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Pallab Barai
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | | | - Lijun Wu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | - Mingyuan Ge
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | - Lu Ma
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | - Hui Zhong
- Department of Joint Photon Science Institute, Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - Yimei Zhu
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA
| | | | - Jianming Bai
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
| | - Feng Wang
- Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, 11973, USA.
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA.
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4
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Goonetilleke D, Suard E, Bergner B, Janek J, Brezesinski T, Bianchini M. In situ neutron diffraction to investigate the solid-state synthesis of Ni-rich cathode materials. J Appl Crystallogr 2023; 56:1066-1075. [PMID: 37555229 PMCID: PMC10405595 DOI: 10.1107/s1600576723004909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Studying chemical reactions in real time can provide unparalleled insight into the evolution of intermediate species and can provide guidance to optimize the reaction conditions. For solid-state synthesis reactions, powder diffraction has been demonstrated as an effective tool for resolving the structural evolution taking place upon heating. The synthesis of layered Ni-rich transition-metal oxides at a large scale (grams to kilograms) is highly relevant as these materials are commonly employed as cathodes for Li-ion batteries. In this work, in situ neutron diffraction was used to monitor the reaction mechanism during the high-temperature synthesis of Ni-rich cathode materials with a varying ratio of Ni:Mn from industrially relevant hydroxide precursors. Rietveld refinement was further used to model the observed phase evolution during synthesis and compare the behaviour of the materials as a function of temperature. The results presented herein confirm the suitability of in situ neutron diffraction to investigate the synthesis of batches of several grams of electrode materials with well-controlled stoichiometry. Furthermore, monitoring the structural evolution of the mixtures with varying Ni:Mn content in real time reveals a delayed onset of li-thia-tion as the Mn content is increased, necessitating the use of higher annealing temperatures to achieve layering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damian Goonetilleke
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Emmanuelle Suard
- Institut Laue–Langevin (ILL), BP 156, 71 Avenue des Martyrs, 38042 Grenoble, France
| | | | - Jürgen Janek
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Center for Materials Research (ZfM/LaMa), Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 17, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Brezesinski
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Matteo Bianchini
- Battery and Electrochemistry Laboratory (BELLA), Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Hermann-von-Helmholtz-Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
- BASF SE, Carl-Bosch-Strasse 38, 67056 Ludwigshafen, Germany
- University of Bayreuth, Bavarian Center for Battery Technology (BayBatt), Universitätsstrasse 30, 95447 Bayreuth, Germany
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5
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Mesnier A, Manthiram A. Heuristics for Molten-Salt Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Ultrahigh-Nickel Layered Oxide Cathodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:12895-12907. [PMID: 36857760 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c16326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
In pursuit of Li-ion batteries with higher energy density, ultrahigh-nickel layered oxides are a leading candidate for next-generation cathode materials. Single-crystalline morphology offers a neat solution to the poor stability of ultrahigh-Ni cathodes; a lower active surface area mitigates electrolyte decomposition at high voltages, and the elimination of grain boundaries improves mechanical resilience and increases volumetric energy density. However, single-crystal cathodes possess their own challenges, several of which originate from synthesis at elevated temperatures meant to induce grain growth. Molten-salt synthesis is an alternative method for obtaining single crystals, accelerating grain growth through the presence of a molten flux without the need for increased temperature. Herein, we offer heuristic guidelines for molten-salt synthesis, discussing key factors for designing reaction mixtures and the necessary exploratory research for novel molten salt/cathode systems. The influence of different salts and synthesis conditions on the morphology and properties of single-crystal LiNiO2 is presented. It is found that oxidative salts, such as Li2O2 and LiNO3, are crucial to supplementing dissolution of gaseous oxygen into the molten phase. Through these discussions, this work aims to provide a set of overarching principles for obtaining higher-quality single-crystal layered oxide cathodes and engender more rigorous and impactful investigation into their fundamental nature and applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Mesnier
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Wen Y, Shen L, Chen Y, Zhou Q, Wang J, Wu J, Zheng J. Mitigation of cation mixing of LiNiO2-based cathode materials by Li-doping for high-performing lithium-ion battery. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2023.117296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
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7
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Ober S, Mesnier A, Manthiram A. Surface Stabilization of Cobalt-Free LiNiO 2 with Niobium for Lithium-Ion Batteries. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:1442-1451. [PMID: 36594479 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c20268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Lithium nickel oxide (LiNiO2) is a promising next-generation cathode material for lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), offering exceptionally high specific capacity and reduced material cost. However, the poor structural, surface, and electrochemical stabilities of LiNiO2 result in rapid loss of capacity during prolonged cycling, making it unsuitable for application in commercial LIBs. Herein, we demonstrate that incorporation of a small amount of niobium effectively suppresses the structural and surface degradation of LiNiO2. The niobium-treated LiNiO2 retains 82% of its initial capacity after 500 cycles in full cells with a graphite anode compared to 73% for untreated LiNiO2. We utilize a facile method for incorporating niobium, which yields LixNbOy phase formation as a surface coating on the primary particles. Through a combination of X-ray diffraction, electron microscopy, and electrochemical analyses, we show that the resulting niobium coating reduces active material loss over long-term cycling and enhances lithium-ion diffusion kinetics. The enhanced structural integrity and electrochemical performance of the niobium-treated LiNiO2 are correlated to a reduction in the formation of nanopore defects during cycling compared to the untreated LiNiO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seamus Ober
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Alex Mesnier
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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8
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Langdon J, Manthiram A. Crossover Effects in Lithium-Metal Batteries with a Localized High Concentration Electrolyte and High-Nickel Cathodes. Adv Mater 2022; 34:e2205188. [PMID: 35985644 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202205188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
While crossover effects, such as transition-metal dissolution, are well-understood in lithium-ion batteries, there is a limited understanding of the effect of crossed-over chemical species in cells with oxide cathodes and lithium-metal anodes. In this work, the effects of cathode-to-anode and anode-to-cathode crossover are explored in cells with a high-nickel cathode, lithium-metal anode, and a localized high-concentration electrolyte (LHCE). Dramatic differences are found among cells; a lithium-metal anode paired with a high-nickel cathode has three times less solid-electrolyte interphase growth than a lithium-metal anode paired with lithium metal. Meanwhile, the cathode paired with lithium metal has 2-3 times higher capacity fade than the same cathode paired with graphite. Decomposition and crossover of the FSI salt is identified as the main source of these changes. The fluorine in the salt is first stripped off at the lithium-metal anode, and the remaining sulfur and nitrogen cross over to the cathode. Although the reduction in fluorine content harms the surface stability of the cathode, the lithium-metal anode benefits from the increased fluorine content. Because the lithium-metal anode is typically the bottleneck for cells with thin lithium, crossover is a major factor in the enhanced performance of lithium-metal batteries with LHCE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jayse Langdon
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- McKetta Department of Chemical Engineering and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, 78712, USA
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Lin HF, Tsai YR, Cheng CH, Cheng ST, Chen DZ, Wu NY. Structural and electrochemical properties of LiCoMnO4 doped with Mg, La, and F as a high-voltage cathode material for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2022.140904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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10
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Hao Q, Du F, Xu T, Zhou Q, Cao H, Fan Z, Mei C, Zheng J. Evaluation of Nb-Doping on performance of LiNiO2 in wide temperature range. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2022.116034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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11
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Wang T, Luo H, Fan J, Thapaliya BP, Bai Y, Belharouak I, Dai S. Flux upcycling of spent NMC 111 to nickel-rich NMC cathodes in reciprocal ternary molten salts. iScience 2022; 25:103801. [PMID: 35243215 PMCID: PMC8859547 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The proper handling of end-of-life (EOL) lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) has become an urgent and challenging issue with the surging use of LIBs, in which recovering high-value cathodes not only relieves the pressure on the raw material supply chain but also minimizes environmental pollution. Beyond direct recycling of spent cathodes to their pristine states, the direct upcycling of spent cathodes to the next-generation cathodes is of great significance to maximize the value of spent materials and to sustain the fast development of LIBs. Herein, a “reciprocal ternary molten salts” (RTMS) system was developed to directly upcycle spent NMC 111 to Ni-rich NMCs by simultaneously realizing the addition of Ni and the relithiation of Li in spent NMC 111. After RTMS flux upcycling, the obtained Ni-rich NMCs exhibited an α-NaFeO2-type layered structure, restored Li content, and excellent performance, which is very similar to that of the pristine NMC 622. A “reciprocal ternary molten salts” (RTMS) system is developed for upcycling Directly upcycling of spent NMC 111 to Ni-rich NMC (NMC 622) is realized in air RTMS provides the Li source and a flux oxygen-rich environment for upcycling
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12
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Zhang H, Liu H, Piper LFJ, Whittingham MS, Zhou G. Oxygen Loss in Layered Oxide Cathodes for Li-Ion Batteries: Mechanisms, Effects, and Mitigation. Chem Rev 2022; 122:5641-5681. [PMID: 35025511 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.1c00327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Layered lithium transition metal oxides derived from LiMO2 (M = Co, Ni, Mn, etc.) have been widely adopted as the cathodes of Li-ion batteries for portable electronics, electric vehicles, and energy storage. Oxygen loss in the layered oxides is one of the major factors leading to cycling-induced structural degradation and its associated fade in electrochemical performance. Herein, we review recent progress in understanding the phenomena of oxygen loss and the resulting structural degradation in layered oxide cathodes. We first present the major driving forces leading to the oxygen loss and then describe the associated structural degradation resulting from the oxygen loss. We follow this analysis with a discussion of the kinetic pathways that enable oxygen loss, and then we address the resulting electrochemical fade. Finally, we review the possible approaches toward mitigating oxygen loss and the associated electrochemical fade as well as detail novel analytical methods for probing the oxygen loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanlei Zhang
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Hao Liu
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Louis F J Piper
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,WMG, University of Warwick, Coventry CV4 7AL, United Kingdom
| | - M Stanley Whittingham
- NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
| | - Guangwen Zhou
- Materials Science and Engineering Program & Department of Mechanical Engineering, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States.,NorthEast Center for Chemical Energy Storage, State University of New York, Binghamton, New York 13902, United States
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13
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Yu L, Liu T, Amine R, Wen J, Lu J, Amine K. High Nickel and No Cobalt─The Pursuit of Next-Generation Layered Oxide Cathodes. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:23056-23065. [PMID: 34981923 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c22091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The prosperity of the electric vehicle industry is driving the research and development of lithium-ion batteries. As one of the core components in the entire battery system, cathode materials are currently facing major challenges in pushing a higher capacity up to the materials' theoretical limits and transitioning away from unaffordable metals. The search for next-generation cathode materials has shifted to high-nickel and cobalt-free cathodes to meet these requirements. In this review, we distinctly point out the shortcomings of cobalt in stabilizing layered structures and systematically summarize the recent efforts to eliminate cobalt and achieve higher nickel content in layered cathode materials. Finally, a reasonable prospect is put forward for further development of layered cathode materials and other promising candidates, which is likely to spur a wave of efforts toward developing high-performance and low-cost Li-ion batteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Yu
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Tongchao Liu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Rachid Amine
- Materials Science Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jianguo Wen
- Center for Nanoscale Materials, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Jun Lu
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
| | - Khalil Amine
- Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Lemont, Illinois 60439, United States
- Material Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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14
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Sim R, Lee S, Li W, Manthiram A. Influence of Calendering on the Electrochemical Performance of LiNi 0.9Mn 0.05Al 0.05O 2 Cathodes in Lithium-Ion Cells. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:42898-42908. [PMID: 34459575 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c12543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Electrode calendering is a necessary process used in industry to improve the volumetric capacity of lithium-ion batteries. However, calendering high-nickel cathodes leads to electrode particle pulverization, raising concerns of a reduced cycle life due to parasitic side reactions. We present here an investigation of the impact of calendering on the morphology and electrochemical performance of the cobalt-free layered oxide cathode LiNi0.9Mn0.05Al0.05O2 (NMA-90). We find that secondary particle pulverization and fusion simultaneously occur at sufficiently high pressures. The initial surface area of the cathode is shown to increase with the degree of calendering, despite the higher likelihood of secondary particle fusion. Long-term cycling of full coin cells assembled with the NMA-90 cathode and the graphite anode indicates that cells with higher degrees of cathode calendering exhibit lower capacity fade compared to uncalendered cathodes. Hybrid pulse-power tests demonstrate that the usable capacity range of cells with calendered cathodes far exceeds those with uncalendered cells after long-term cycling. The improved capacity retention and pulse-power performance are attributed to the enhanced mechanical properties of the electrode after calendering that prevents loss of the primary particle contact during long-term cycling. We find that calendering high-nickel NMA-90 to industrially relevant densities does not have a detrimental effect on capacity fade, marking an important step toward commercial adoption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Sim
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Steven Lee
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Wangda Li
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
| | - Arumugam Manthiram
- Materials Science and Engineering Program and Texas Materials Institute, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, United States
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Tsai Y, Wu C, Duh J. Synthesis of Ni-rich NMC cathode material by redox-assisted deposition method for lithium ion batteries. Electrochim Acta 2021; 381:138244. [DOI: 10.1016/j.electacta.2021.138244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Geun Jun Lee
- Department of Bionano Technology Hanyang University Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea
| | | | - Jin Ho Bang
- Nanosensor Research Institute Hanyang University Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemical and Molecular Engineering, Department of Applied Chemistry, and Center for Bionano Intelligence Education and Research Hanyang University Ansan 15588 Republic of Korea
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