Limbic Inducted and Delocalized Effects of Diazole in Carbon Nitride Skeleton for Propelling Photocatalytic Hydrogen Evolution

Immobilizing Metal Nanoparticles on Hierarchically Porous Organic Cages with Size Control for Enhanced Catalysis

Incorporating metal nanoparticles (MNPs) into porous composites with controlled size and spatial distributions is beneficial for a broad range of applications, but it remains a synthetic challenge. Here, we present a method to immobilize a series of highly dispersed MNPs (Pd, Ir, Pt, Rh, and Ru) with controlled size (<2 nm) on hierarchically micro- and mesoporous organic cage supports. Specifically, the metal-ionic surfactant complexes serve as both metal precursors and mesopore-forming agents during self-assembly with a microporous imine cage CC3, resulting in a uniform distribution of metal precursors across the resultant supports. The functional heads on the ionic surfactants as binding sites, together with the nanoconfinement of pores, guide the nucleation and growth of MNPs and prevent their agglomeration after chemical reduction. Moreover, the as-synthesized Pd NPs exhibit remarkable activity and selectivity in the tandem reaction due to the advantages of ultrasmall particle size and improved mass diffusion facilitated by the hierarchical pores.

Edge-grafting carbon nitride with aromatic rings for highly-efficient charge separation and enhanced photocatalytic hydrogen evolution

Edge-modification of g-C3N4 induces highly-efficient charge separation through directional transfer of electrons from the center to the edge of the framework.

Dual-Mode-Driven Micromotor Based on Foam-like Carbon Nitride and Fe3O4 with Improved Manipulation and Photocatalytic Performance

Micro/nanomotors have emerged as a vibrant research topic in biomedical and environmental fields due to their attractive self-propulsion as well as small-scale functionalities. However, single actuated micro/nanomotors are not adaptive in facing intricate natural and industrial environments. Herein, we propose a new dual-mode-driven micromotor based on foam-like carbon nitride (f-C₃N₄) with precipitated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles, namely, Fe₃O₄/f-C₃N₄, powered by chemical/magnetic stimuli for rapid reduction of organic pollutants. The Fe₃O₄/f-C₃N₄ motor composed of a three-dimensional (3D) porous "foam-like" structure and precipitated Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles (ca. 50 nm) not only exhibits efficient photocatalytic performance under visible light but also shows versatile and programmable motion behavior under the control of external magnetic fields. The aggregation of the micromotor under an external rotating magnetic field further enhances the catalytic activity by the increased local catalyst concentration. Furthermore, the magnetic property endows the micromotor with easy recyclability. This study provides a novel dual-mode-driven micromotor for antibiotics removal with magnetic field and light-enhanced performance in industrial wastewater treatment at a low cost.

Embedding Thiophene-Amide into g-C3N4 Skeleton with Induction and Delocalization Effects for High Photocatalytic H2 Evolution

Molecular skeleton modification has become a recognized method that can effectively improve the photocatalytic performance of g-C3N4 because it not only effectively promotes charge separation, but also tunes the conjugated system of g-C3N4 to make it more conducive to photocatalytic reaction. Herein, thiophene-amide embedded g-C3N4 (TA-CN-x) was successfully prepared by simple one-step thermal polycondensation using urea as a precursor and ethyl-2-amino-4-phenylthiophene-3-carboxylate (EAPC) as an additive. After embedding with thiophene-amide, the induction and delocalization effects are formed in TA-CN-x, which significantly improves the migration efficiency of photogenerated charge carriers. Meanwhile, the conjugate structure is changed due to structural modification, resulting in significant enhancement of visible light absorption compared to the pure g-C3N4 (CN). Specifically, the optimized photocatalytic H2 evolution rate of TA-CN-2 reaches 245.4 μmol·h−1, which is 8.4 times that of CN (with Pt nanoparticles as a co-catalyst), and the apparent quantum efficiency (AQY) at 450 nm is 13.6%. This work opens up a new modification process for fully tapping the photocatalytic hydrogen absorption potential of g-C3N4-based materials.

Constructing porous intramolecular donor–acceptor integrated carbon nitride doped with m-aminophenol for boosting photocatalytic degradation and hydrogen evolution activity

A porous intramolecular D–A integrated carbon nitride with boosted photocatalytic activity was constructed via thermal melting followed by thermal copolymerization of m-aminophenol with urea.