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Cherdchom S, Keawsongsaeng W, Buasorn W, Rimsueb N, Pienpinijtham P, Sereemaspun A, Rojanathanes R, Aramwit P. Development of Eugenol-Embedded Calcium Citrate Nanoparticles as a Local Anesthetic Agent. ACS Omega 2021; 6:28880-28889. [PMID: 34746580 PMCID: PMC8567392 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.1c03831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Eugenol is a major phenolic component derived from clove oil with potential medical applications. Of particular interest, it has been used as a therapeutic agent in topical applications because of its analgesic and local anesthetic properties. However, topical formulations of eugenol produce skin irritation, which limits its clinical applications. One promising strategy to overcome this disadvantage is by using a biocompatible material that could be an appropriate topical vehicle for eugenol. Researchers have recently focused on the development of eugenol-embedded calcium citrate nanoparticles (Eu-CaCit NPs) without adverse effects. The Eu-CaCit NPs were developed as a topical delivery system and their biocompatibility and penetration ability were evaluated. Eu-CaCit NPs at 1.2 mg/mL did not show cytotoxicity effects in human cells. Moreover, the Eu-CaCit NPs presented the ability to penetrate the dermis layer of the human intact skin following 12 h exposure. All the results concluded that Eu-CaCit NPs have shown a potential as a carrier for topical delivery of eugenol. These novel nanoparticles represent a promising alternative for topical application of local anesthetic with natural pain relievers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarocha Cherdchom
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wittawat Keawsongsaeng
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Phayathai road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Wanida Buasorn
- Department
of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn
University, Rama 4 Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Natchanon Rimsueb
- Department
of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn
University, Phayathai road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Prompong Pienpinijtham
- Sensor
Research Unit (SRU) and National Nanotechnology Center of Advanced
Structural and Functional Nanomaterials, Department of Chemistry,
Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Amornpun Sereemaspun
- Nanomedicine
Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Rojrit Rojanathanes
- Center of
Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Pornanong Aramwit
- Department
of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Center
of Excellence in Bioactive Resources for Innovative Clinical Applications, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
- The
Academy of Science, The Royal Society of
Thailand, Dusit, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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Chalermnon M, Cherdchom S, Sereemaspun A, Rojanathanes R, Khotavivattana T. Biguanide-Based Synthesis of 1,3,5-Triazine Derivatives with Anticancer Activity and 1,3,5-Triazine Incorporated Calcium Citrate Nanoparticles. Molecules 2021; 26:1028. [PMID: 33672071 PMCID: PMC7919653 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26041028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Twelve derivatives of biguanide-derived 1,3,5-triazines, a promising class of anticancer agent, were synthesised and evaluated for their anticancer activity against two colorectal cancer cell lines-HCT116 and SW620. 2c and 3c which are the derivatives containing o-hydroxyphenyl substituents exhibited the highest activity with IC50 against both cell lines in the range of 20-27 µM, which is comparable to the IC50 of cisplatin reference. Moreover, the potential use of the calcium citrate nanoparticles (CaCit NPs) as a platform for drug delivery system was studied on a selected 1,3,5-triazine derivative 2a. Condition optimisation revealed that the source of citrate ions and reaction time significantly influence the morphology, size and %drug loading of the particles. With the optimised conditions, "CaCit-2a NPs" were successfully synthesised with the size of 148 ± 23 nm and %drug loading of up to 16.3%. Furthermore, it was found that the release of 2a from the synthesised CaCit-2a NPs is pH-responsive, and 2a could be control released under the acidic cancer environment. The knowledge from this study is perceptive for further development of the 1,3,5-triazine-based anticancer drugs and provide the platform for the incorporation of other drugs in the CaCit NPs in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monnaya Chalermnon
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Sarocha Cherdchom
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chulalongkorn University, Phayathai Road, Wangmai, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
- NanoMedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Rama 4 Road, Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Amornpun Sereemaspun
- Chula Medical Innovation Centre (CMIC), Nanomedicine Research Unit, Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Rojrit Rojanathanes
- Centre of Excellence in Materials and Bio-Interfaces, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
| | - Tanatorn Khotavivattana
- Centre of Excellence in Natural Products Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
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