Purktimatanont K, Mohdee V, Pancharoen U, Maneeintr K, Punyain W, Lothongkum AW. Synergistic effect of arsenic removal from petroleum condensate via liquid-liquid extraction: Thermodynamics, kinetics, DFT and McCabe-Thiele method.
Heliyon 2023;
9:e23143. [PMID:
38205073 PMCID:
PMC10777394 DOI:
10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e23143]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Revised: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
This work presents the purification of petroleum condensate by removing arsenic ions via liquid-liquid extraction (LLE). Influence of pure and synergistic extractants is investigated. In terms of the practicability, following parameters are examined: the type of extractant, operating time, and temperature. Response surface methodology is used to design parameters such as organic-aqueous ratio and extractant concentration. Under optimal conditions; a mixture of 1 mol/L HCl and 0.02 mol/L thiourea with an organic/aqueous ratio of 1:4 at 323.15 K for 60 min, the extraction of arsenic reached 78.2 %. Further, batch simulation via two-stage counter-current extraction, and estimation by McCabe-Thiele diagram proved to be enhanced arsenic extraction to 95.3 %. Analysis by FTIR show that arsenic ions in petroleum condensate are formed as triphenylarsine compound ((C6H5)3As). The process of arsenic removal proved to be zero-order endothermic, irreversible and spontaneous reaction. The results obtained from the density functional theory (DFT) confirm that arsenic ions react with the synergistic extractant: effectively forming a covalent bond (As-S).
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