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Chen X, Sun Y, Wang Y. Stereo- and Regioselectivity of Hydrogenation of a Recently Synthesized Carboncone and Its Predictive Models. J Org Chem 2022; 87:10755-10767. [PMID: 35930495 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.2c00970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Since its atomically precise synthesis in recent experiments, the carboncone molecule presents a novel example of discrete nanocarbons with promising applications, but little is known yet about its chemical properties. In this work, we present a comprehensive computational study on the hydrogenation of carboncone with a varying number of added H atoms (from 1 to 12). Unlike planar benzenoid hydrocarbons, carboncone prefers that all H atoms be added to its external, convex surface. The previous topology-based model for hydrogenated fullerenes and benzenoid hydrocarbons is shown to be no longer valid for carboncone. We here propose an extended model capable of predicting the hydrogenation regioselectivity for carboncone, which is largely governed by π delocalization. Yet the H···H repulsion at rim sites also plays an important role in adduct stability. Interestingly, some preferred addition patterns can be understood by counting the size of intact π rings upon H addition. These findings may provide insightful guidance to the functionalization of carboncones and related nanocarbons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yuanyuan Sun
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
| | - Yang Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225002, China
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Ewels C, Rio J, Niwa H, Omachi H, Shinohara H, Rayson M, Briddon P. Determining addition pathways and stable isomers for CF 3 functionalization of endohedral Gd@C 60. R Soc Open Sci 2018; 5:180588. [PMID: 30839750 PMCID: PMC6170591 DOI: 10.1098/rsos.180588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/31/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Using density functional theory approaches, we follow the sequential addition of CF3 functional groups to the surface of the metallic endofullerene species Gd@C60. The presence of gadolinium in the interior of the cage strongly influences the addition sequence. The calculations are able to successfully identify end points in the addition sequence at Gd@C60(CF3) n , n = 3 and two isomers at n = 5, in predictive agreement with experiment. Inverting the algorithm to determine the most labile groups also identifies the correct positively charged Gd@ C 60 ( C F 3 ) 4 + isomer, as confirmed by experimental mass spectra. The importance of surface mobility, notably at later stage addition, is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Ewels
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Jeremy Rio
- Institut des Materiaux Jean Rouxel (IMN), Université de Nantes, CNRS UMR6502, 2 Rue de la Houssiniere, BP32229, Nantes 44322, France
| | - Hiroyuki Niwa
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Haruka Omachi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hisanori Shinohara
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
- Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya City University, Chikusa 464-8602, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Mark Rayson
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
| | - Patrick Briddon
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Newcastle upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
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Wang Y, Díaz-Tendero S, Alcamí M, Martín F. Topology-Based Approach to Predict Relative Stabilities of Charged and Functionalized Fullerenes. J Chem Theory Comput 2018; 14:1791-1810. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.7b01048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid, 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Wang Y, Díaz-Tendero S, Alcamí M, Martín F. Relative Stability of Empty Exohedral Fullerenes: π Delocalization versus Strain and Steric Hindrance. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:1609-1617. [PMID: 28080042 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.6b11669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Predicting and understanding the relative stability of exohedral fullerenes is an important aspect of fullerene chemistry, since the experimentally formed structures do not generally follow the rules that govern addition reactions or the making of pristine fullerenes. First-principles theoretical calculations are of limited applicability due to the large number of possible isomeric forms, for example, more than 50 billion for C60X8. Here we propose a simple model, exclusively based on topological arguments, that allows one to predict the relative stability of exohedral fullerenes without the need for electronic structure calculations or geometry optimizations. The model incorporates the effects of π delocalization, cage strain, and steric hindrance. We show that the subtle interplay between these three factors is responsible for (i) the formation of non-IPR (isolated pentagon rule) exohedral fullerenes in contrast with their pristine fullerene counterparts, (ii) the appearance of more pentagon-pentagon adjacencies than predicted by the PAPR (pentagon-adjacency penalty rule), (iii) the changes in regioisomer stability due to the chemical nature of the addends, and (iv) the variations in fullerene cage stability with the progressive addition of chemical species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wang
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Sergio Díaz-Tendero
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Alcamí
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Institute for Advanced Research in Chemical Sciences (IAdChem), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Fernando Martín
- Departamento de Química, Módulo 13, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Condensed Matter Physics Center (IFIMAC), Universidad Autónoma de Madrid , 28049 Madrid, Spain.,Instituto Madrileño de Estudios Avanzados en Nanociencia (IMDEA-Nanociencia) , 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Vlandas A, Ewels CP, Van Lier G. Controlling fullerene addition sequences, regioselectivity and magic numbers via metal encapsulation. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:7051-3. [PMID: 21487597 DOI: 10.1039/c1cc11072a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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