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Recent Developments in Reactions and Catalysis of Protic Pyrazole Complexes. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083529. [PMID: 37110763 PMCID: PMC10143336 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Revised: 04/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Protic pyrazoles (N-unsubstituted pyrazoles) have been versatile ligands in various fields, such as materials chemistry and homogeneous catalysis, owing to their proton-responsive nature. This review provides an overview of the reactivities of protic pyrazole complexes. The coordination chemistry of pincer-type 2,6-bis(1H-pyrazol-3-yl)pyridines is first surveyed as a class of compounds for which significant advances have made in the last decade. The stoichiometric reactivities of protic pyrazole complexes with inorganic nitrogenous compounds are then described, which possibly relates to the inorganic nitrogen cycle in nature. The last part of this article is devoted to outlining the catalytic application of protic pyrazole complexes, emphasizing the mechanistic aspect. The role of the NH group in the protic pyrazole ligand and resulting metal-ligand cooperation in these transformations are discussed.
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2
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Advanced zeolite and ordered mesoporous silica-based catalysts for the conversion of CO 2 to chemicals and fuels. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:1773-1946. [PMID: 36786224 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00456a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
For many years, capturing, storing or sequestering CO2 from concentrated emission sources or from air has been a powerful technique for reducing atmospheric CO2. Moreover, the use of CO2 as a C1 building block to mitigate CO2 emissions and, at the same time, produce sustainable chemicals or fuels is a challenging and promising alternative to meet global demand for chemicals and energy. Hence, the chemical incorporation and conversion of CO2 into valuable chemicals has received much attention in the last decade, since CO2 is an abundant, inexpensive, nontoxic, nonflammable, and renewable one-carbon building block. Nevertheless, CO2 is the most oxidized form of carbon, thermodynamically the most stable form and kinetically inert. Consequently, the chemical conversion of CO2 requires highly reactive, rich-energy substrates, highly stable products to be formed or harder reaction conditions. The use of catalysts constitutes an important tool in the development of sustainable chemistry, since catalysts increase the rate of the reaction without modifying the overall standard Gibbs energy in the reaction. Therefore, special attention has been paid to catalysis, and in particular to heterogeneous catalysis because of its environmentally friendly and recyclable nature attributed to simple separation and recovery, as well as its applicability to continuous reactor operations. Focusing on heterogeneous catalysts, we decided to center on zeolite and ordered mesoporous materials due to their high thermal and chemical stability and versatility, which make them good candidates for the design and development of catalysts for CO2 conversion. In the present review, we analyze the state of the art in the last 25 years and the potential opportunities for using zeolite and OMS (ordered mesoporous silica) based materials to convert CO2 into valuable chemicals essential for our daily lives and fuels, and to pave the way towards reducing carbon footprint. In this review, we have compiled, to the best of our knowledge, the different reactions involving catalysts based on zeolites and OMS to convert CO2 into cyclic and dialkyl carbonates, acyclic carbamates, 2-oxazolidones, carboxylic acids, methanol, dimethylether, methane, higher alcohols (C2+OH), C2+ (gasoline, olefins and aromatics), syngas (RWGS, dry reforming of methane and alcohols), olefins (oxidative dehydrogenation of alkanes) and simple fuels by photoreduction. The use of advanced zeolite and OMS-based materials, and the development of new processes and technologies should provide a new impulse to boost the conversion of CO2 into chemicals and fuels.
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3
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Robust unsymmetric pincer-type Ru(II) catalyst containing proton-responsive hydroxypyridyl fragment for β-alkylation of secondary alcohols with primary alcohols. J Mol Struct 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2023.135311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
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4
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A Protic Mn(I) Complex Based on a Naphthyridine- N-oxide Scaffold: Protonation/Deprotonation Studies and Catalytic Applications for Alkylation of Ketones. Organometallics 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.2c00085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Abstract
Abstract
The requirement of running a new generation of fuel production is inevitable due to the limitation of oil production from reservoirs. On the other hand, enhancing the CO2 concentration in the atmosphere brings global warming phenomenon and leads to catastrophic disasters such as drought and flooding. Conversion of carbon dioxide to methanol can compensate for the liquid fuel requirement and mitigate CO2 emissions to the atmosphere. In this review, we surveyed the recent works on homogeneous hydrogenation of CO2 to CH3OH and investigated the experimental results in detail. We categorized the CO2 hydrogenation works based on the environment of the reaction, including neutral, acidic, and basic conditions, and discussed the effects of solvents’ properties on the experimental results. This review provides a perspective on the previous studies in this field, which can assist the researchers in selecting the proper catalyst and solvent for homogenous hydrogenation of carbon dioxide to methanol.
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6
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CO2 Conversion to formates catalyzed by iridium(III) catalysts precursors with proton responsive OH and NH electron-rich tetrazole ligands. MOLECULAR CATALYSIS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mcat.2021.111979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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7
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Electronic and steric factors for enhanced selective synthesis of 2-ethyl-1-hexanol in the Ir-complex-catalyzed Guerbet reaction of 1-butanol. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CATALYSIS 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s1872-2067(20)63772-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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8
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Palladium(II) and platinum(II) based S^N^S and Se^N^Se pincer complexes as catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation and N-formylation of diethylamine to diethylformamide. J CO2 UTIL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcou.2021.101606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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9
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A Proton-Responsive Pyridyl(benzamide)-Functionalized NHC Ligand on Ir Complex for Alkylation of Ketones and Secondary Alcohols. Chemistry 2021; 27:10737-10748. [PMID: 33998720 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202101360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
A Cp*Ir(III) complex (1) of a newly designed ligand L1 featuring a proton-responsive pyridyl(benzamide) appended on N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC) has been synthesized. The molecular structure of 1 reveals a dearomatized form of the ligand. The protonation of 1 with HBF4 in tetrahydrofuran gives the corresponding aromatized complex [Cp*Ir(L1 H)Cl]BF4 (2). Both compounds are characterized spectroscopically and by X-ray crystallography. The protonation of 1 with acid is examined by 1 H NMR and UV-vis spectra. The proton-responsive character of 1 is exploited for catalyzing α-alkylation of ketones and β-alkylation of secondary alcohols using primary alcohols as alkylating agents through hydrogen-borrowing methodology. Compound 1 is an effective catalyst for these reactions and exhibits a superior activity in comparison to a structurally similar iridium complex [Cp*Ir(L2 )Cl]PF6 (3) lacking a proton-responsive pendant amide moiety. The catalytic alkylation is characterized by a wide substrate scope, low catalyst and base loadings, and a short reaction time. The catalytic efficacy of 1 is also demonstrated for the syntheses of quinoline and lactone derivatives via acceptorless dehydrogenation, and selective alkylation of two steroids, pregnenolone and testosterone. Detailed mechanistic investigations and DFT calculations substantiate the role of the proton-responsive ligand in the hydrogen-borrowing process.
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Ir−Sn Tetrazole Complexes with Proton‐Responsive P−OH Groups and an Ir−Ir Tetrazole Complex for CO
2
Hydrogenation. Eur J Inorg Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ejic.202100084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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11
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CO 2 hydrogenation over functional nanoporous polymers and metal-organic frameworks. Adv Colloid Interface Sci 2021; 290:102349. [PMID: 33780826 DOI: 10.1016/j.cis.2020.102349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
CO2 is one of the major environmental pollutants and its mitigation is attracting huge attention over the years due to continuous increase in this greenhouse gas emission in the atmosphere. Being environmentally hazardous and plentiful presence in nature, CO2 utilization as C1 resource into fuels and feedstock is very demanding from the green chemistry perspectives. To accomplish this CO2 utilization issue, functional organic materials like porous organic polymers (POPs), covalent organic frameworks (COFs) as well as organic-inorganic hybrid materials like metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), having characteristics of large surface area, high thermal stability and tunability in the porous nanostructures play significant role in designing the suitable catalyst for the CO2 hydrogenation reactions. Although CO2 hydrogenation is a widely studied and emerging area of research, till date review exclusively focused on designing POPs, COFs and MOFs bearing reactive functional groups is very limited. A thorough literature review on this matter will enrich our knowledge over the CO2 hydrogenation processes and the catalytic sites responsible for carrying out these chemical transformations. We emphasize recent state-of-the art developments in POPs/COFs/MOFs having unique functionalities and topologies in stabilizing metallic NPs and molecular complexes for the CO2 reduction reactions. The major differences between MOFs and porous organics are critically summarized in the outlook section with the aim of the future benefit in mitigating CO2 emission from ambient air.
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12
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A Proton-Responsive Annulated Mesoionic Carbene (MIC) Scaffold on Ir Complex for Proton/Hydride Shuttle: An Experimental and Computational Investigation on Reductive Amination of Aldehyde. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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13
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Cooperative Effects of Heterodinuclear Ir III-M II Complexes on Catalytic H 2 Evolution from Formic Acid Dehydrogenation in Water. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:11976-11985. [PMID: 32648749 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Novel heterodinuclear IrIII-MII complexes (M = Co, Ni, or Cu) with two adjacent reaction sites were synthesized by using 3,5-bis(2-pyridyl)-pyrazole (Hbpp) as a structure-directing ligand and employed as catalysts for H2 evolution through formic acid dehydrogenation in water. A cooperative effect of the hetero-metal centers was observed in the H2 evolution in comparison with the corresponding mononuclear IrIII and MII complexes as the components of the IrIII-MII complexes. The H2 evolution rate for the IrIII-MII complexes was at most 350-fold higher than that of the mononuclear IrIII complex. The catalytic activity increased in the following order: IrIII-CuII complex < IrIII-CoII complex < IrIII-NiII complex . The IrIII-H intermediates of the IrIII-MII complexes were successfully detected by ultraviolet-visible, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance, and ESI-TOF-MS spectra. The catalytic enhancement of H2 evolution by the IrIII-MII complexes indicates that the IrIII-H species formed in the IrIII moiety act as reactive species and the MII moieties act as acceleration sites by the electronic effect from the MII center to the IrIII center through the bridging bpp- ligand. The IrIII-MII complexes may also activate H2O at the 3d MII centers as a proton source to facilitate H2 evolution. In addition, the affinity of formate for the IrIII-MII complexes was investigated on the basis of Michaelis-Menten plots; the IrIII-CoII and IrIII-NiII complexes exhibited affinities that were relatively higher than that of the IrIII-CuII complex. The catalytic mechanism of H2 evolution by the IrIII-MII complexes was revealed on the basis of spectroscopic detection of reaction intermediates, kinetic analysis, and isotope labeling experiments.
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14
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Carbon Nitride as a Ligand: Selective Hydrogenation of Terminal Alkenes Using [(η
5
‐C
5
Me
5
)IrCl(g‐C
3
N
4
‐κ
2
N,N’
)]Cl. Chemistry 2020; 26:6862-6868. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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15
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Palladium(II) Immobilized on Metal–Organic Frameworks for Catalytic Conversion of Carbon Dioxide to Formate. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:6717-6728. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b03654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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16
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Recent Developments in the Modelling of Heterogeneous Catalysts for CO
2
Conversion to Chemicals. ChemCatChem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/cctc.201901879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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17
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Tuning Second Coordination Sphere Interactions in Polypyridyl–Iron Complexes to Achieve Selective Electrocatalytic Reduction of Carbon Dioxide to Carbon Monoxide. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:5206-5217. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c00455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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18
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Ligand Design for Catalytic Dehydrogenation of Formic Acid to Produce High-pressure Hydrogen Gas under Base-free Conditions. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:4191-4199. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.9b01624] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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19
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CO2 Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Using Ir Catalysts with Amide-Based Ligands. Organometallics 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.9b00809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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20
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Hydrogenation of CO2, Hydrogenocarbonate, and Carbonate to Formate in Water using Phosphine Free Bifunctional Iron Complexes. ACS Catal 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.9b04340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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21
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Half‐sandwich ruthenium complexes with
S
chiff base ligands bearing a hydroxyl group: Preparation, characterization and catalytic activities. Appl Organomet Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/aoc.5289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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22
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Bio-mimetic self-assembled computationally designed catalysts of Mo and W for hydrogenation of CO 2/dehydrogenation of HCOOH inspired by the active site of formate dehydrogenase. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:21370-21380. [PMID: 31531468 DOI: 10.1039/c9cp03406d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory modelling has been used to design Mo and W-based catalysts MoIII(tBu)(CO) and WIII(tBu)(CO) for CO2 hydrogenation and HCOOH dehydrogenation, which are bio-mimics of the active site of formate dehydrogenase. Based on DFT calculations, the molybdenum and tungsten based complexes are good catalysts in the +3 oxidation state for CO2 hydrogenation with free energies of 24.03 and 21.31 kcal mol-1, respectively. Such a low barrier indicates that our newly designed Mo and W-based complexes are very efficient for CO2 hydrogenation or HCOOH dehydrogenation catalysis. Overall, our computational results provide in depth insights that can serve as a great tool for the design and development of new and efficient molybdenum and tungsten based catalysts for CO2 hydrogenation or HCOOH dehydrogenation.
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23
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Comprehensive Understanding of Bi‐functional Behavior of PNP‐Pincer Complexes Towards the Conversion of CO into Methanol and CO
2
: A DFT Approach. ChemistrySelect 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.201901767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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25
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26
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Sustainable synthesis of N-heterocycles in water using alcohols following the double dehydrogenation strategy. J Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcat.2019.03.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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28
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29
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Ruthenium-Catalyzed β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols and α-Alkylation of Ketones via Borrowing Hydrogen: Dramatic Influence of the Pendant N-Heterocycle. Organometallics 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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30
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Catalytic Conversion of CO2 to Formate with Renewable Hydrogen Donors: An Ambient-Pressure and H2-Independent Strategy. ACS Catal 2019. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.8b04430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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31
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A computational study on ligand assisted vs. ligand participation mechanisms for CO2 hydrogenation: importance of bifunctional ligand based catalysts. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:3932-3941. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cp06714g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Bifunctional aminomethyl based Mn(i) catalysts favour a revised Noyori type mechanism for the CO2 hydrogenation reaction.
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Evaluating the impacts of amino acids in the second and outer coordination spheres of Rh-bis(diphosphine) complexes for CO2 hydrogenation. Faraday Discuss 2019; 215:123-140. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fd00164b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The influence of a biologically inspired second and outer coordination sphere on Rh-bis(diphosphine) CO2 hydrogenation catalysts was explored.
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33
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Biomimetic heterobimetallic architecture of Ni( ii) and Fe( ii) for CO 2 hydrogenation in aqueous media. A DFT study. RSC Adv 2019; 9:33107-33116. [PMID: 35529114 PMCID: PMC9073165 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra07139c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, density functional theory has been employed to design a heterobimetallic catalyst of Ni(ii) and Fe(ii) for the effective CO2 hydrogenation to HCOOH. Based on computational results, our newly designed catalyst is found to be effective for such conversion reactions with free energy as low as 14.13 kcal mol−1 for the rate determining step. Such a low value of free energy indicates that the NiFe heterobimetallic catalyst can prove to be very efficient for the above said conversion. Moreover, the effects of ligand substitutions at the active metal center and the effects due to various spin states are also explored, and can serve as a great tool for the rational design of NiFe catalyst for CO2 hydrogenation. The hydrogenation of CO2 by our newly designed [NiFe] heterobimetallic catalyst inspired by the active site of [NiFe] hydrogenase.![]()
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Carbon Dioxide Hydrogenation and Formic Acid Dehydrogenation Catalyzed by Iridium Complexes Bearing Pyridyl-pyrazole Ligands: Effect of an Electron-donating Substituent on the Pyrazole Ring on the Catalytic Activity and Durability. Adv Synth Catal 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/adsc.201801323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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35
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Versatile Rh- and Ir-Based Catalysts for CO2 Hydrogenation, Formic Acid Dehydrogenation, and Transfer Hydrogenation of Quinolines. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:14186-14198. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b02164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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36
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Synthesis and Reactivity of Metal–Ligand Cooperative Bifunctional Ruthenium Hydride Complexes: Active Catalysts for β-Alkylation of Secondary Alcohols with Primary Alcohols. Organometallics 2018. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.8b00432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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37
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Computational studies on the hydride transfer barrier for the catalytic hydrogenation of CO2 by different Ni(II) complexes. J Mol Model 2018; 24:224. [PMID: 30088159 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-018-3758-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Accepted: 07/20/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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38
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Making a Splash in Homogeneous CO
2
Hydrogenation: Elucidating the Impact of Solvent on Catalytic Mechanisms. Chemistry 2018; 24:16964-16971. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201801759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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39
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Metal-Substrate Cooperation Mechanism for Dehydrogenative Amidation Catalyzed by a PNN-Ru Catalyst. Inorg Chem 2018; 57:8778-8787. [PMID: 30010329 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.8b00563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
The pyridine-based PNN ruthenium pincer complex (PNN)Ru(CO)(H) can catalyze the well-known dehydrogenative amidation reaction, but the mechanism is not fully understood. In this work, we find there exists an alternative metal-substrate cooperation mechanism in this reaction system, which is more favorable than the aromatization-dearomatization mechanism. The possible reaction of the excess base t-BuO- with catalyst species (PNN)Ru(CO)(H) is studied, indicating t-BuO- is able to facilitate the ligand substitution and enhance catalytic activities. With the bifunctional Ru-N moiety, the imine-substituted species (PN)(imine)Ru(CO)(H) 5 could serve as an alternative catalytic species and efficiently facilitate some elementary steps such as the hydrogen transfer, hydrogen elimination, and C-N coupling. Meanwhile, the C-N coupling step proceeds via the split of aldehydic C-H bond across the Ru(II)-imine bond, which results in an amide bond directly. The hemiaminal is uninvolved in the C-N coupling process. Finally, the formation of linear peptides and cyclic dipeptides are unveiled by the newly proposed mechanism. The metal-substrate cooperation could widely exist in transition metal catalyst systems with a large influence on the reaction activity.
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40
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Homogeneous Catalytic Formic Acid Dehydrogenation in Aqueous Solution using Ruthenium Arene Phosphine Catalysts. Z Anorg Allg Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/zaac.201800107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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42
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Utilization of a Fluorescent Dye Molecule as a Proton and Electron Reservoir. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:3377-3380. [PMID: 29479783 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201713174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent dyes have been widely utilized as chemical sensors and in photodynamic therapy, but exploitation of their redox-active nature in chemical reactions has remained mostly unexplored. This report describes the isolation of a 4,4-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY)-based radical. The redox-active nature of the BODIPY compound can be utilized in combination with a guanidine center, the basicity of which can be manipulated by greater than 14 pKa units, to promote the conversion of protons and electrons into H-atoms for transfer to substrate molecules.
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43
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44
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45
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Transfer hydrogenation of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate from glycerol under aqueous conditions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 54:6184-6187. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cc03157f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic transfer hydrogenation of CO2 from glycerol to afford formic and lactic acid is an attractive path to valorizing two waste streams. The process is significantly more thermodynamically favorable than direct CO2 hydrogenation.
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46
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Abstract
Modular but geometrically constrained ligands were used to investigate the impact of key ligand design parameters (charge and bite angle) on CO2 hydrogenation and formic acid dehydrogenation activity.
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47
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Iridium–NHC-based catalyst for ambient pressure storage and low temperature release of H2via the CO2/HCO2H couple. Catal Sci Technol 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8cy02069h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
An imidazolylidene-based abnormal NHC ligand partnering with a proton-responsive benzimidazolato motif renders an Ir-catalyst highly efficient in both ambient-pressure CO2-hydrogenation and low-temperature HCO2H-dehydrogenation pertinent to hydrogen storage/delivery processes.
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48
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Catalytic reactivity of an iridium complex with a proton responsive N-donor ligand in CO2 hydrogenation to formate. RSC Adv 2018; 8:1346-1350. [PMID: 35540928 PMCID: PMC9077040 DOI: 10.1039/c7ra12343d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A bibenzimidazole ligated half-sandwich Ir complex [Cp*Ir(BiBzImH2)Cl]Cl shows superior activity than that of its bipyridine counterpart. Owing to the structural instability, the initial excellent activity of [Cp*Ir(BiBzImH2)Cl]Cl was reduced when catalytic cycle proceeds.
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Role of Water, CO2, and Noninnocent Ligands in the CO2 Hydrogenation to Formate by an Ir(III) PNP Pincer Catalyst Evaluated by Static-DFT and ab Initio Molecular Dynamics under Reaction Conditions. Organometallics 2017. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.organomet.7b00761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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50
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Protic NNN and NCN Pincer‐Type Ruthenium Complexes Featuring (Trifluoromethyl)pyrazole Arms: Synthesis and Application to Catalytic Hydrogen Evolution from Formic Acid. Chem Asian J 2017; 13:73-80. [DOI: 10.1002/asia.201701474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2017] [Revised: 11/15/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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