1
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Cai Q, McWhinnie IM, Dow NW, Chan AY, MacMillan DWC. Engaging Alkenes in Metallaphotoredox: A Triple Catalytic, Radical Sorting Approach to Olefin-Alcohol Cross-Coupling. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:12300-12309. [PMID: 38657210 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
Metallaphotoredox cross-coupling is a well-established strategy for generating clinically privileged aliphatic scaffolds via single-electron reactivity. Correspondingly, expanding metallaphotoredox to encompass new C(sp3)-coupling partners could provide entry to a novel, medicinally relevant chemical space. In particular, alkenes are abundant, bench-stable, and capable of versatile C(sp3)-radical reactivity via metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT), although metallaphotoredox methodologies invoking this strategy remain underdeveloped. Importantly, merging MHAT activation with metallaphotoredox could enable the cross-coupling of olefins with feedstock partners such as alcohols, which undergo facile open-shell activation via photocatalysis. Herein, we report the first C(sp3)-C(sp3) coupling of MHAT-activated alkenes with alcohols by performing deoxygenative hydroalkylation via triple cocatalysis. Through synergistic Ir photoredox, Mn MHAT, and Ni radical sorting pathways, this branch-selective protocol pairs diverse olefins and methanol or primary alcohols with remarkable functional group tolerance to enable the rapid construction of complex aliphatic frameworks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinyan Cai
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Iona M McWhinnie
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Nathan W Dow
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Amy Y Chan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - David W C MacMillan
- Merck Center for Catalysis at Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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2
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Liu H, Yuan W, Ran MY, Wei G, Zhao Y, Liao ZQ, Liang H, Chen ZF, Wang FX. Total Synthesis of Quebrachamine and Kopsiyunnanine D. J Org Chem 2024; 89:5905-5910. [PMID: 38579179 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/07/2024]
Abstract
The total syntheses of (±)-quebrachamine and (±)-kopsiyunnanine D are reported. Key transformations include an intermolecular Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons olefination to merge the two fragments convergently and an intramolecular Mitsunobu reaction to introduce the synthetically challenging nine-membered azonane ring efficiently.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Wei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Meng-Yan Ran
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Gang Wei
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhi-Qiang Liao
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Hong Liang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Zhen-Feng Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
| | - Fang-Xin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources/Key Laboratory for Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Medicinal Resources (Ministry of Education of China) & Collaborative Innovation Center for Guangxi Ethnic Medicine, School of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangxi Normal University, Guilin 541004, China
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3
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Chen F, Zhang Q, Li Y, Yu ZX, Chu L. Selective Hydrofunctionalization of Alkenyl Fluorides Enabled by Nickel-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atoms and Group Transfer: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38621358 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c01506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
Due to the unique effect of fluorine atoms, the efficient construction of high-value alkyl fluorides has attracted significant interest in modern drug development. However, enantioselective catalytic strategies for the efficient assembly of highly functionalized chiral C(sp3)-F scaffolds from simple starting materials have been underutilized. Herein, we demonstrate a nickel-catalyzed radical transfer strategy for the efficient, modular, asymmetric hydrogenation and hydroalkylation of alkenyl fluorides with primary, secondary, and tertiary alkyl halides under mild conditions. The transformation provides facile access to various structurally complex secondary and tertiary α-fluoro amide products from readily available starting materials with excellent substrate compatibility and distinct selectivity. Furthermore, the utility of this method is demonstrated by late-stage modifications and product derivatizations. Detailed mechanistic studies and DFT calculations have been conducted, showing that the rate-determining step for asymmetric hydrogenation reaction is NiH-HAT toward alkenyl fluorides and the stereo-determining step is alcohol coordination to Ni-enolates followed by a barrierless protonation. The mechanism for the asymmetric hydroalkylation reaction is also delivered in this investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Chen
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Qianwei Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yingying Li
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Lingling Chu
- State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
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4
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Kong L, Gan XC, van der Puyl Lovett VA, Shenvi RA. Alkene Hydrobenzylation by a Single Catalyst That Mediates Iterative Outer-Sphere Steps. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:2351-2357. [PMID: 38232310 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c13398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Cross-coupling catalysts typically react and unite functionally distinct partners via sequential inner-sphere elementary steps: coordination, migratory insertion, reductive elimination, etc. Here, we report a single catalyst that cross-couples styrenes and benzyl bromides via iterative outer-sphere steps: metal-ligand-carbon interactions. Each partner forms a stabilized radical intermediate, yet heterocoupled products predominate. The system is redox-neutral and, thus, avoids exogenous oxidants, resulting in simple and scalable conditions. Numerous variations of alkene hydrobenzylation are made possible, including access to the privileged heterodibenzyl (1,2-diarylethane) motif and challenging quaternary carbon variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingran Kong
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Xu-Cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Vincent A van der Puyl Lovett
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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5
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Yang R, Zhou Z, Jiang H, Kam TS, Chen K, Ma Z. Asymmetric Synthesis of Arboduridine. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202316016. [PMID: 38038685 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202316016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of the monoterpenoid indole alkaloid arboduridine has been accomplished. The tricyclic A/B/D ring system was constructed by an enantioselective Michael reaction followed by intramolecular nucleophilic addition. Intramolecular α-amination of a ketone forged the piperidine ring, while a Horner-Wadsworth-Emmons (HWE) reaction was used to form the pyrrolidine ring. A reduction cyclization cascade led to formation of the tetrahydrofuran ring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Yang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Zeyu Zhou
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Huanfeng Jiang
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
| | - Toh-Seok Kam
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Universiti Malaya, 50603, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kai Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, P. R. China
| | - Zhiqiang Ma
- Key Lab of Functional Molecular Engineering of Guangdong Province, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Wushan Road-381, Guangzhou, 510641, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Oncogenomics, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chemical Genomics, Peking University Shenzhen Graduate School, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P.R. China
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6
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Kotesova S, Shenvi RA. Inner- and Outer-Sphere Cross-Coupling of High F sp3 Fragments. Acc Chem Res 2023; 56:3089-3098. [PMID: 37889168 PMCID: PMC10979517 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.3c00543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2023]
Abstract
Natural product research originates from a desire to explore, understand, and perturb biological function with atomic precision. To reach these goals at all, let alone efficiently, requires thoughtful and creative problem solving. Often this means bold disconnections that would simplify access to complex structures, if only the methods existed to bridge these theoretical gaps. Whereas biological interrogations provide long-term intellectual value and impetus, methods come as attractive fringe benefits of natural product synthesis. This Account describes strategic, methodological solutions to the syntheses of natural products [(-)-eugenial C, Galbulimima alkaloids GB18, GB22, GB13, and himgaline] featuring new, convergent disconnections as important problem-solving steps, which themselves were inspired by recent methods that arose from our group. Each target required the invention of first-row transition metal-catalyzed cross-coupling procedures to satisfy the biological goals of the project. In these cases, synthetic strategy identified the methodological gap (the absence of stereo- and chemoselective couplings of appropriate fragments), but the tactical advantage conferred by first-row metals met the challenge. These methods were competent to handle the dense, sterically encumbered motifs common to natural products due to, in many cases, elementary steps that did not require bond formation between the hindered substrate and the metal center. Instead, these sterically lenient reactions appeared to involve metal-ligand-substrate reactions (i.e., outer-sphere steps), in contrast to the metal-substrate, coordinative reactions of precious metals (i.e., inner-sphere steps). Key observations from our previous studies, combined with the observations in seminal publications from other laboratories (Mattay, Weix, and MacMillan), led to the optimization of ligand-controlled, stereoselective reactions and the introduction of complementary catalytic cycles that revealed new modes of reactivity and generated novel structural motifs. Optimized access to bioactive natural product space accelerated our timeline of biological characterization, fulfilling a common premise of natural products research. The integration of methodology, complex natural product synthesis, diversification, and bioassay into a single Ph.D. dissertation would have been unmanageable in a prior era. The unique ability of first-row transition metals to effect Csp3-Csp3 cross-coupling with high chemo- and stereoselectivity has significantly lowered the barrier to reach the avowed goal of natural product synthesis and reduced the burden (real or perceived) of integrating natural products into functional campaigns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simona Kotesova
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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7
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Qin J, Barday M, Jana S, Sanosa N, Funes-Ardoiz I, Teskey CJ. Photoinduced Cobalt Catalysis for the Reductive Coupling of Pyridines and Dienes Enabled by Paired Single-Electron Transfer. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202310639. [PMID: 37676106 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202310639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
Selective hydroarylation of dienes has potential to provide swift access to useful building blocks. However, most existing methods rely on dienes stabilised by an aromatic group and transmetallation or nucleophilic attack steps require electron-rich aryl coupling partners. As such, there are few examples which tolerate wide-spread heteroarenes such as pyridine. Whilst allylic C-H functionalisation could be considered an alternative approach, the positional selectivity of unsymmetrical substrates is hard to control. Here, we report a general approach for selective hydropyridylation of dienes under mild conditions using metal catalysed hydrogen-atom transfer. Photoinduced, reductive conditions enable simultaneous formation of a cobalt-hydride catalyst and the persistent radical of easily-synthesised pyridyl phosphonium salts. This facilitates selective coupling of dienes in a traceless manner at the C4-position of a wide-range of pyridine substrates. The mildness of the method is underscored by its functional-group tolerance and demonstrated by applications in late-stage functionalisation. Based on a combination of experimental and computational studies, we propose a mechanistic pathway which proceeds through non-reversible hydrogen-atom transfer (HAT) from a cobalt hydride species which is uniquely selective for dienes in the presence of other olefins due to a much higher relative barrier associated with olefin HAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Qin
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Manuel Barday
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Samikshan Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nil Sanosa
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, 26006, Logroño, Spain
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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8
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Yu H, Zhang J, Ma D, Li X, Xu T. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of (-)-Caulamidine D and (-)-Isocaulamidine D and Their Absolute Configuration Reassignment. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:22335-22340. [PMID: 37792337 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c08714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
The first enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-caulamidine D (5) and (-)-isocaulamidine D (6) were accomplished. Their absolute configurations were unambiguously elucidated through X-ray crystallography. The isolated natural samples of both 5 and 6 are determined to be the TFA salts instead of the neutral forms. It took 16 steps (longest linear sequence) to divergently access both 5 and 6 following a unified strategy. The key reactions include (1) development and application of an asymmetric Meerwein-Eschenmoser-Claisen rearrangement to construct the challenging C10, C23 consecutive stereocenters and (2) application of a cascade 6-exo-dig/6-exo-tet amine/nitrile cyclization reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiyong Yu
- Molecular Synthesis Center and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, MOE, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Junhao Zhang
- Molecular Synthesis Center and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, MOE, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Dongxu Ma
- Molecular Synthesis Center and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, MOE, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Xiaotong Li
- Molecular Synthesis Center and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, MOE, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
| | - Tao Xu
- Molecular Synthesis Center and Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, MOE, and School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China
- Laboratory for Marine Drugs and Bioproducts of Marine Natural Products, Laoshan Lab, Qingdao 266237, China
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9
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Abstract
A concise and enantioselective total synthesis of the Veratrum alkaloid cyclopamine is disclosed. This highly convergent synthesis with a 16-step longest linear sequence (LLS) was enabled by a de novo synthesis of the trans-6,5-heterobicycle via a strain-inducing halocyclization process, a key Tsuji-Trost cyclization to construct the fully substituted, spirocyclic THF motif with exquisite diastereocontrol, and a late-stage ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction to forge the central tetrasubstituted olefin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manolis Sofiadis
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Dongmin Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Anthony J. Rodriguez
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | - Benedikt Nissl
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
| | | | | | - Phil S. Baran
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, 10550 North Torrey Pines Road, La Jolla, CA 92037, United States
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10
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Jana S, Mayerhofer VJ, Teskey CJ. Photo- and Electrochemical Cobalt Catalysed Hydrogen Atom Transfer for the Hydrofunctionalisation of Alkenes. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304882. [PMID: 37184388 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic hydrogen atom transfer from metal-hydrides to alkenes allows feedstock olefins to be used as alkyl radical precursors. The chemoselectivity of this process makes it an attractive synthetic tool and as such it has been regularly used in synthesis of complex molecules. However, onwards reactivity is limited by compatibility with the conditions which form the key metal-hydride species. Now, through the merger with photocatalysis or electrochemistry, milder methods are emerging which can unlock entirely new reactivity and offer perspectives on expanding these methods in unprecedented directions. This review outlines the most recent developments in electro- and photochemical cobalt catalysed methods and offers suggestions on the future outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samikshan Jana
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor J Mayerhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher J Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074, Aachen, Germany
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11
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Wang B, Lu Y, Cha L, Chen TY, Palacios PM, Li L, Guo Y, Chang WC, Chen C. Repurposing Iron- and 2-Oxoglutarate-Dependent Oxygenases to Catalyze Olefin Hydration. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202311099. [PMID: 37639670 PMCID: PMC10592062 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202311099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Mononuclear nonheme iron(II) and 2-oxoglutarate (Fe/2OG)-dependent oxygenases and halogenases are known to catalyze a diverse set of oxidative reactions, including hydroxylation, halogenation, epoxidation, and desaturation in primary metabolism and natural product maturation. However, their use in abiotic transformations has mainly been limited to C-H oxidation. Herein, we show that various enzymes of this family, when reconstituted with Fe(II) or Fe(III), can catalyze Mukaiyama hydration-a redox neutral transformation. Distinct from the native reactions of the Fe/2OG enzymes, wherein oxygen atom transfer (OAT) catalyzed by an iron-oxo species is involved, this nonnative transformation proceeds through a hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) pathway in a 2OG-independent manner. Additionally, in contrast to conventional inorganic catalysts, wherein a dinuclear iron species is responsible for HAT, the Fe/2OG enzymes exploit a mononuclear iron center to support this reaction. Collectively, our work demonstrates that Fe/2OG enzymes have utility in catalysis beyond the current scope of catalytic oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingnan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yong Lu
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Lide Cha
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Tzu-Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Philip M Palacios
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Liping Li
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Yisong Guo
- Department of Chemistry, Carnegie Mellon University, 4400 Fifth Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15213, USA
| | - Wei-Chen Chang
- Department of Chemistry, NC State University, 2620 Yarbrough Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Chuo Chen
- Department of Biochemistry, UT Southwestern Medical Center, 5323 Harry Hines Boulevard, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
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12
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Angyal P, Hegedüs K, Mészáros BB, Daru J, Dudás Á, Galambos AR, Essmat N, Al-Khrasani M, Varga S, Soós T. Total Synthesis and Structural Plasticity of Kratom Pseudoindoxyl Metabolites. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303700. [PMID: 37332089 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Mitragynine pseudoindoxyl, a kratom metabolite, has attracted increasing attention due to its favorable side effect profile as compared to conventional opioids. Herein, we describe the first enantioselective and scalable total synthesis of this natural product and its epimeric congener, speciogynine pseudoindoxyl. The characteristic spiro-5-5-6-tricyclic system of these alkaloids was formed through a protecting-group-free cascade relay process in which oxidized tryptamine and secologanin analogues were used. Furthermore, we discovered that mitragynine pseudoindoxyl acts not as a single molecular entity but as a dynamic ensemble of stereoisomers in protic environments; thus, it exhibits structural plasticity in biological systems. Accordingly, these synthetic, structural, and biological studies provide a basis for the planned design of mitragynine pseudoindoxyl analogues, which can guide the development of next-generation analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Péter Angyal
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kristóf Hegedüs
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Bence Balázs Mészáros
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - János Daru
- Department of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ádám Dudás
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
- Hevesy György PhD School of Chemistry, Eötvös Loránd University, Pázmány Péter sétány 1/A, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Rita Galambos
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nariman Essmat
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mahmoud Al-Khrasani
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotherapy, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Szilárd Varga
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tibor Soós
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar tudósok körútja 2, 1117, Budapest, Hungary
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13
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Meger FS, Murphy JA. Recent Advances in C-H Functionalisation through Indirect Hydrogen Atom Transfer. Molecules 2023; 28:6127. [PMID: 37630379 PMCID: PMC10459052 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28166127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/15/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The functionalisation of C-H bonds has been an enormous achievement in synthetic methodology, enabling new retrosynthetic disconnections and affording simple synthetic equivalents for synthons. Hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) is a key method for forming alkyl radicals from C-H substrates. Classic reactions, including the Barton nitrite ester reaction and Hofmann-Löffler-Freytag reaction, among others, provided early examples of HAT. However, recent developments in photoredox catalysis and electrochemistry have made HAT a powerful synthetic tool capable of introducing a wide range of functional groups into C-H bonds. Moreover, greater mechanistic insights into HAT have stimulated the development of increasingly site-selective protocols. Site-selectivity can be achieved through the tuning of electron density at certain C-H bonds using additives, a judicious choice of HAT reagent, and a solvent system. Herein, we describe the latest methods for functionalizing C-H/Si-H/Ge-H bonds using indirect HAT between 2018-2023, as well as a critical discussion of new HAT reagents, mechanistic aspects, substrate scopes, and background contexts of the protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip S. Meger
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, 16 Avinguda dels Països Catalans, 43007 Tarragona, Catalonia, Spain
| | - John A. Murphy
- Department of Pure and Applied Chemistry, University of Strathclyde, 295 Cathedral Street, Glasgow G1 1XL, UK
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14
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Xu Z, Li X, Rose JA, Herzon SB. Finding activity through rigidity: syntheses of natural products containing tricyclic bridgehead carbon centers. Nat Prod Rep 2023; 40:1393-1431. [PMID: 37140079 PMCID: PMC10472132 DOI: 10.1039/d3np00008g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Covering: up to 2022Tricyclic bridgehead carbon centers (TBCCs) are a synthetically challenging substructure found in many complex natural products. Here we review the syntheses of ten representative families of TBCC-containing isolates, with the goal of outlining the strategies and tactics used to install these centers, including a discussion of the evolution of the successful synthetic design. We provide a summary of common strategies to inform future synthetic endeavors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - John A Rose
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Seth B Herzon
- Department of Chemistry, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
- Departments of Pharmacology and Therapeutic Radiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
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15
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Gan XC, Kotesova S, Castanedo A, Green SA, Mølle SLB, Shenvi RA. Iron-Catalyzed Hydrobenzylation: Stereoselective Synthesis of (-)-Eugenial C. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15714-15720. [PMID: 37437221 PMCID: PMC11055631 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Metal-hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) has emerged as a useful tool to form quaternary carbons from alkenes via hydrofunctionalization. Methods to date that cross-couple alkenes with sp3 partners rely on heterobimetallic catalysis to merge the two cycles. Here, we report an iron-only cross-coupling via putative MHAT/SH2 steps that solves a key stereochemical problem in the synthesis of meroterpenoid eugenial C and obviates the need for nickel. The concise synthesis benefits from a conformationally locked o,o'-disubstituted benzyl bromide and a locally sourced chiral pool terpene coupling partner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu-cheng Gan
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Simona Kotesova
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Alberto Castanedo
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Samantha A. Green
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | | | - Ryan A. Shenvi
- Department of Chemistry, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
- Graduate School of Chemical and Biological Sciences, Scripps Research, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
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16
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Sun D, Chen R, Tang D, Xia Q, Zhao Y, Liu CH, Ding H. Total Synthesis of (-)-Retigeranic Acid A: A Reductive Skeletal Rearrangement Strategy. J Am Chem Soc 2023. [PMID: 37224289 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The asymmetric total synthesis of (-)-retigeranic acid A was described, which relies on a crucial reductive skeletal rearrangement cascade for the controllable assembly of diverse angular triquinane subunits. Taken together with an intramolecular Michael/aldol cyclization, an ODI-[5 + 2] cycloaddition/pinacol rearrangement cascade, a Wolff ring contraction and a stereoselective HAT reduction, our synthetic approach has enabled the access to (-)-retigeranic acid A in a concise and practical manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongyu Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Ruyi Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Dongmin Tang
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Qidong Xia
- College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, China
| | - Yifan Zhao
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chun-Hui Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Hanfeng Ding
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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17
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Johnson LK, Barnes GL, Fernandez SA, Vanderwal CD. Hydrogen-Atom-Transfer-Initiated Radical/Polar Crossover Annulation Cascade for Expedient Access to Complex Tetralins. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303228. [PMID: 36952637 PMCID: PMC10164078 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
A radical/polar crossover annulation between allyl-substituted arenes and electron-deficient alkenes is described. Cobalt-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) facilitates tandem radical C-C bond formation that generates functionalized tetralin products in the face of potentially problematic hydrofluorination, hydroalkoxylation, hydrogenation, alkene isomerization, and radical polymerization reactions. The reactions proceed under mild conditions that tolerate many functional groups, leading to a broad substrate scope. This powerful ring-forming reaction very quickly assembles complex tetralins that are the formal products of the largely infeasible Diels-Alder cycloadditions of styrenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas K Johnson
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 92697-2025, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Griffin L Barnes
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 92697-2025, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sebastian A Fernandez
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 92697-2025, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Christopher D Vanderwal
- 1102 Natural Sciences II, Department of Chemistry, University of California, 92697-2025, Irvine, CA, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, 101 Theory, University of California, 92697, Irvine, CA, USA
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18
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Kong L, Yu H, Deng M, Wu F, Chen SC, Luo T. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Grayanane Diterpenoids and (+)-Kalmanol: Evolution of the Bridgehead Carbocation-Based Cyclization and Late-Stage Functional Group Manipulation Strategies. J Org Chem 2023; 88:6017-6038. [PMID: 37094797 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.3c00365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/26/2023]
Abstract
Grayanane diterpenoids contain over 300 highly oxidized and structurally complex members, many of which possess important biological activities. Full details are provided for the development of the concise, enantioselective and divergent total syntheses of grayanane diterpenoids and (+)-kalmanol. The unique 7-endo-trig cyclization based on a bridgehead carbocation was designed and implemented to construct the 5/7/6/5 tetracyclic skeleton, demonstrating the practical value of the bridgehead carbocation-based cyclization strategy. Extensive studies of late-stage functional group manipulation were performed to forge the C1 stereogenic center, during which a photoexcited intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer reaction was discovered and the mechanism was further studied through density functional theory (DFT) calculations. The biomimetic 1,2-rearrangement from the grayanoid skeleton provided a 5/8/5/5 tetracyclic framework and resulted in the first total synthesis of (+)-kalmanol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingran Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fanrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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19
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Tran HN, West JG. RECENT ADVANCES IN BASE METAL-CATALYZED COOPERATIVE TRANSFER HYDROGENATION AND HYDRODEUTERATION OF ALKENES. Tetrahedron Lett 2023; 118:154404. [PMID: 38505129 PMCID: PMC10947216 DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2023.154404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic alkene hydrogenation is a powerful method that has been widely used in the syntheses of valuable products ranging from commodity chemicals to pharmaceuticals. Hydrogenation has also been a key strategy for selectively introducing heavy hydrogen isotopes to small molecules, a key strategy for metabolism studies and even the synthesis of "heavy drugs," where the hydrogen isotope is a key element of the active pharmaceutical ingredient. Traditional hydrogenations with pressurized H2 gas are atom economic but often require complex reaction setups or expensive metal catalysts. Further, use of diatomic hydrogen necessarily limits the ability to incorporate different hydrogen isotopes at each alkene position, with H2, D2, and T2 each resulting in compete labeling of the alkene. In response to these challenges, a recent and growing movement has sought to develop transfer hydrogenation methods using non-H2 hydrogen sources and earth abundant element catalysts to simplify reaction operation. Excitingly, recent developments have delivered transfer hydrogenations that proceed using cooperative hydrogen donor reagents, permitting the controllable incorporation of different hydrogen isotopes at each position of the alkene via reagent control. In this Digest, we disclose recent advances in Earth-abundant metal-catalyzed cooperative transfer hydrogenation of alkenes with various combinations of two distinct transfer hydrogen reagents as non-H2 hydrogen sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai N. Tran
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS 602, Houston, TX, USA 77005
| | - Julian G. West
- Department of Chemistry, Rice University, 6100 Main St MS 602, Houston, TX, USA 77005
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20
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Zhang Q, Kuang Y, Chang L, Kang J, Wang B, Chong C, Lu Z. Divergent total synthesis of marine meroterpenoids (+)-dysidavarones A–C. CHINESE CHEM LETT 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cclet.2023.108338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/17/2023]
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21
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Abstract
The first asymmetric total synthesis of the Lycopodium alkaloid senepodine F, which contains a decahydroquinoline ring (AB-ring) and a quinolizidine ring (CD-ring) connected by a methylene tether, has been achieved. The key steps of this synthesis include an organocatalytic asymmetric Diels-Alder reaction, a diastereoselective intramolecular aza-Michael reaction, and an intramolecular SN2 cyclization to construct multisubstituted nitrogen-containing heterocycles. In addition, our total synthesis led to the stereochemical reassignment on the decahydroquinoline ring of senepodine F.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Nakashima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Taichi Inoshita
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Kumamoto University, 2-39-1, Kurokami, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-8555, Japan
| | - Mariko Kitajima
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
| | - Hayato Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 260-8675, Japan
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22
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Mazeh S, Garcia-Fernandez MD, Pelletier B, Moreau C, Delair P. Total synthesis of the natural (-)-205B alkaloid and its activity toward α7 nAChRs. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:817-822. [PMID: 36601968 PMCID: PMC9972826 DOI: 10.1039/d2ob01723g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
A new approach to the synthesis of the (-)-205B alkaloid is described in this paper. This work is characterised by the development of an efficient chirality transfer through a silyl tethered intramolecular alkylation reaction, an unprecedented tandem highly selective iridium catalyzed partial reduction of lactam coupled with an acid promoted aza-Prins reaction, and an almost complete stereochemical control in Shenvi's radical hydrogen atom transfer on an exocyclic methylene. The second part of this work demonstrates the positive allosteric behavior of this natural alkaloid toward α7 nAChRs, in contrast to the reported inhibitory effect of the unnatural enantiomer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Mazeh
- Départment de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, UMR-5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | | | - Philippe Delair
- Départment de Pharmacochimie Moléculaire, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, ICMG FR-2607, CNRS, UMR-5063, F-38041, Grenoble, France.
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23
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Suzuki A, Kamei Y, Yamashita M, Seino Y, Yamaguchi Y, Yoshino T, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Photocatalytic Deuterium Atom Transfer Deuteration of Electron-Deficient Alkenes with High Functional Group Tolerance. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202214433. [PMID: 36394187 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202214433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Due to its mild reaction conditions and unique chemoselectivity, hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) hydrogenation represents an indispensable method for the synthesis of complex molecules. Its analog using deuterium, deuterium atom transfer (DAT) deuteration, is expected to enable access to complex deuterium-labeled compounds. However, DAT deuteration has been scarcely studied for synthetic purposes, and a method that possesses the favorable characteristics of HAT hydrogenations has remained elusive. Herein, we report a protocol for the photocatalytic DAT deuteration of electron-deficient alkenes. In contrast to the previous DAT deuteration, this method tolerates a variety of synthetically useful functional groups including haloarenes. The late-stage deuteration also allows access to deuterated amino acids as well as donepezil-d2 . Thus, this work demonstrates the potential of DAT chemistry to become the alternative method of choice for preparing deuterium-containing molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yamashita
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan.,Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, 060-0812, Japan
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24
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Pereira AM, Cidade H, Tiritan ME. Stereoselective Synthesis of Flavonoids: A Brief Overview. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28010426. [PMID: 36615614 PMCID: PMC9823814 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28010426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Stereoselective synthesis has been emerging as a resourceful tool because it enables the obtaining of compounds with biological interest and high enantiomeric purity. Flavonoids are natural products with several biological activities. Owing to their biological potential and aiming to achieve enantiomerically pure forms, several methodologies of stereoselective synthesis have been implemented. Those approaches encompass stereoselective chalcone epoxidation, Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation, Mitsunobu reaction, and the cycloaddition of 1,4-benzoquinone. Chiral auxiliaries, organo-, organometallic, and biocatalysis, as well as the chiral pool approach were also employed with the goal of obtaining chiral bioactive flavonoids with a high enantiomeric ratio. Additionally, the employment of the Diels-Alder reaction based on the stereodivergent reaction on a racemic mixture strategy or using catalyst complexes to synthesise pure enantiomers of flavonoids was reported. Furthermore, biomimetic pathways displayed another approach as illustrated by the asymmetric coupling of 2-hydroxychalcones driven by visible light. Recently, an asymmetric transfer hydrogen-dynamic kinetic resolution was also applied to synthesise (R,R)-cis-alcohols which, in turn, would be used as building blocks for the stereoselective synthesis of flavonoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana Margarida Pereira
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Honorina Cidade
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Maria Elizabeth Tiritan
- Laboratory of Organic and Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Department of Chemical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua Jorge de Viterbo Ferreira 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal
- CIIMAR—Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
- TOXRUN—Toxicology Research Unit, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, CRL, Rua Central de Gandra 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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25
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Fay N, Blieck R, Kouklovsky C, de la Torre A. Total synthesis of grayanane natural products. Beilstein J Org Chem 2022; 18:1707-1719. [PMID: 36570567 PMCID: PMC9764858 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.18.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Grayananes are a broad family of diterpenoids found in Ericaceae plants, comprising more than 160 natural products. Most of them exhibit interesting biological activities, often representative of Ericaceae use in traditional medicine. Over the last 50 years, various strategies were described for the total synthesis of these diterpenoids. In this review, we survey the literature for synthetic approaches to access grayanane natural products. We will focus mainly on completed total syntheses, but will also mention unfinished synthetic efforts. This work aims at providing a critical perspective on grayanane synthesis, highlighting the advantages and downsides of each strategy, as well as the challenges remaining to be tackled.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Fay
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Rémi Blieck
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Cyrille Kouklovsky
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
| | - Aurélien de la Torre
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire et des Matériaux d’Orsay (ICMMO), Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, 15, rue Georges Clémenceau, 91405 Orsay Cedex, France
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26
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Bergamaschi E, Mayerhofer VJ, Teskey CJ. Light-Driven Cobalt Hydride Catalyzed Hydroarylation of Styrenes. ACS Catal 2022. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Enrico Bergamaschi
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Victor J. Mayerhofer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Christopher J. Teskey
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, RWTH Aachen University, Landoltweg 1, 52074 Aachen, Germany
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27
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Ali T, Wang H, Iqbal W, Bashir T, Shah R, Hu Y. Electro-Synthesis of Organic Compounds with Heterogeneous Catalysis. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2022; 10:e2205077. [PMID: 36398622 PMCID: PMC9811472 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202205077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2022] [Revised: 10/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Electro-organic synthesis has attracted a lot of attention in pharmaceutical science, medicinal chemistry, and future industrial applications in energy storage and conversion. To date, there has not been a detailed review on electro-organic synthesis with the strategy of heterogeneous catalysis. In this review, the most recent advances in synthesizing value-added chemicals by heterogeneous catalysis are summarized. An overview of electrocatalytic oxidation and reduction processes as well as paired electrocatalysis is provided, and the anodic oxidation of alcohols (monohydric and polyhydric), aldehydes, and amines are discussed. This review also provides in-depth insight into the cathodic reduction of carboxylates, carbon dioxide, CC, C≡C, and reductive coupling reactions. Moreover, the electrocatalytic paired electro-synthesis methods, including parallel paired, sequential divergent paired, and convergent paired electrolysis, are summarized. Additionally, the strategies developed to achieve high electrosynthesis efficiency and the associated challenges are also addressed. It is believed that electro-organic synthesis is a promising direction of organic electrochemistry, offering numerous opportunities to develop new organic reaction methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tariq Ali
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
| | - Haiyan Wang
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
| | - Waseem Iqbal
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie ChimicheUniversità della CalabriaRendeCS87036Italy
| | - Tariq Bashir
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory for Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy TechnologiesSoochow UniversitySuzhou215006China
| | - Rahim Shah
- Institute of Chemical SciencesUniversity of SwatSwatKhyber Pakhtunkhwa19130Pakistan
| | - Yong Hu
- Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Catalysis MaterialsDepartment of ChemistryZhejiang Normal UniversityJinhua321004China
- Hangzhou Institute of Advanced StudiesZhejiang Normal UniversityHangzhou311231China
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28
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Abstract
Efforts to establish an asymmetric entry to hexanorlanostanes has resulted in a concise synthesis of 7,11-dideoxy-Δ5-lucidadone H from epichlorohydrin. By exploiting metallacycle-mediated annulative cross-coupling (to establish a functionalized hydrindane) and stereoselective formation of the steroidal C9-C10 bond to establish a stereodefined 9-alkyl estrane, 14 subsequent steps have been established to generate a hexanorlanostane system. Key transformations include formal inversion of the C13 quaternary center, oxidative dearomatization/group-selective Wagner-Meerwein rearrangement, and Lewis acid mediated semi-Pinacol rearrangement.
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Affiliation(s)
- HtooTint Wai
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
| | - Glenn C. Micalizio
- Department of Chemistry, Dartmouth College, Burke Laboratory, Hanover, NH 03755, United States
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29
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Kim S, Kim J, Zhong H, Panetti GB, Chirik PJ. Catalytic N–H Bond Formation Promoted by a Ruthenium Hydride Complex Bearing a Redox-Active Pyrimidine-Imine Ligand. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:20661-20671. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c07800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sangmin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Junho Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Hongyu Zhong
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Grace B. Panetti
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
| | - Paul J. Chirik
- Department of Chemistry, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey 08544, United States
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30
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Zhang YA, Palani V, Seim AE, Wang Y, Wang KJ, Wendlandt AE. Stereochemical editing logic powered by the epimerization of unactivated tertiary stereocenters. Science 2022; 378:383-390. [PMID: 36302032 PMCID: PMC9974169 DOI: 10.1126/science.add6852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
The stereoselective synthesis of complex targets requires the precise orchestration of chemical transformations that simultaneously establish the connectivity and spatial orientation of desired bonds. In this work, we describe a complementary paradigm for the synthesis of chiral molecules and their isomers, which tunes the three-dimensional structure of a molecule at a late stage. Key to the success of this strategy is the development of a mild and highly general photocatalytic method composed of decatungstate polyanion and disulfide cocatalysts, which enable the interconversion of unactivated tertiary stereogenic centers that were previously configurationally fixed. We showcase the versatility of this method-and the implementation of stereoediting logic-by the rapid construction of chiral scaffolds that would be challenging to access using existing tools and by the late-stage stereoediting of complex targets.
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31
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Torres-Calis A, García JJ. Homogeneous Manganese-Catalyzed Hydrofunctionalizations of Alkenes and Alkynes: Catalytic and Mechanistic Tendencies. ACS Omega 2022; 7:37008-37038. [PMID: 36312376 PMCID: PMC9608411 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.2c05109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
In recent years, many manganese-based homogeneous catalytic precursors have been developed as powerful alternatives in organic synthesis. Among these, the hydrofunctionalizations of unsaturated C-C bonds correspond to outstanding ways to afford compounds with more versatile functional groups, which are commonly used as building blocks in the production of fine chemicals and feedstock for the industrial field. Herein, we present an account of the Mn-catalyzed homogeneous hydrofunctionalizations of alkenes and alkynes with the main objective of finding catalytic and mechanistic tendencies that could serve as a platform for the works to come.
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32
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Kourgiantaki M, Demertzidou VP, Zografos AL. Short Scalable Route to Apiaceae Sesquiterpene Scaffolds: Total Synthesis of 4- epi-Epiguaidiol A. Org Lett 2022; 24:8476-8480. [PMID: 36264031 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The oxy-Cope/ene reaction cascade to form a locked elemane conformer allows the short scalable synthesis of versatile Apiaceae scaffolds. The divergent fate of the obtained macrocyclic germacrane is surveyed under cationic and dioxygen-induced Prins-type reaction conditions to allow the diastereoselective synthesis of oxidized Apiaceae guaiane congeners and the total synthesis of 4-epi-epiguaidiol A. Additionally, the unprecedented reduction of a hydrogen-bond-biased guaiane substrate permits the chemoselective synthesis of desoxo-jungiaguaiane.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Kourgiantaki
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Vera P Demertzidou
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
| | - Alexandros L Zografos
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki 54124, Greece
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33
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Abstract
Mollanol A is the first isolated member of the mollane-type grayanoids which possesses an unprecedented C-nor-D-homograyanane carbon skeleton and an 5,8-epoxide. Due to its transcriptional activation effects on the Xbp1 upstream promoters in different cell types, it has a potential therapeutic effect on inflammatory bowel disease. Here we report the first total synthesis of mollanol A, which constitutes a 15-step synthesis from commercially available materials via a convergent strategy. The synthesis involves an InCl3-catalyzed Conia-ene cyclization reaction to construct the bicyclo[3.2.1]octane moiety and a vinylogous aldol reaction/intramolecular oxa-Michael addition sequence to rapidly assemble the oxa-bicyclo[3.2.1] core.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuran Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Rong Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
| | - Ming Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, 222 South Tianshui Road, Lanzhou, Gansu Province 730000, China
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34
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Yan S, Wu G. Thermo-induced chain scission and oxidation of isosorbide-based polycarbonates: Degradation mechanism and stabilization strategies. Polym Degrad Stab 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2022.110028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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35
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Yang F, Porco JA. Unified, Asymmetric Total Synthesis of the Asnovolins and Related Spiromeroterpenoids: A Fragment Coupling Approach. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:12970-12978. [DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c05366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Yang
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
| | - John A. Porco
- Department of Chemistry and Center for Molecular Discovery (BU-CMD), Boston University, 590 Commonwealth Avenue, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, United States
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36
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Xing Z, Fang B, Luo S, Xie X, Wang X. Generation of Fused Seven-Membered Polycyclic Systems via Ring Expansion and Application to the Total Synthesis of Sesquiterpenoids. Org Lett 2022; 24:4034-4039. [PMID: 35647899 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c01401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Seven-membered polycyclic architectures, widely present in natural products and molecular drugs, are challenging synthetic targets. However, methods for synthesizing fused medium-sized bicyclo[m.n.0] ring systems, including the benzo-cycloheptane systems, are still urgent. Herein we describe a base-induced ring expansion as a general strategy to construct a wide range of fused seven-membered ring systems. The application of this method was demonstrated by the efficient total syntheses of two sesquiterpenoids, plecarpenene and plecarpenone, both bearing a fused bicyclo[5.3.0]decane skeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhimin Xing
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Bowen Fang
- Key Laboratory for Utility of Environment-Friendly Composite Materials and Biomass in University of Gansu Province, Gansu Provincial Biomass Function Composites Engineering Research Center, College of Chemical Engineering, Northwest Minzu University, Lanzhou 730030, China
| | - Shangwen Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xingang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Xiaolei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
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37
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Abstract
Covering: up to 2021Rearranged indole diterpenes of the paxilline type comprise a large group of fungal metabolites that possess diverse structural features and potentially useful biological effects. The unique indoloterpenoid motif, which is common to all congeners, was first confirmed by crystallographic studies of paxilline. This family of natural products has fascinated organic chemists for the past four decades and has inspired numerous syntheses and synthetic approaches. The present review highlights efforts that have laid the foundation and introduced new directions to this field of natural product synthesis. The introduction includes a summary of biosynthetic considerations and biological activities, the main body of the manuscript provides a detailed discussion of selected syntheses, and the review concludes with a brief outlook on the future of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Devon J Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Eric J Kuenstner
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
| | - David T George
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
| | - Sergey V Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, 92697-2025, USA.
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38
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Abstract
Substituted six-membered cyclic hydrocarbons are common constituents of biologically active compounds. Although methods for the synthesis of thermodynamically favored, disubstituted cyclohexanes are well established, a reliable and modular protocol for the synthesis of their stereoisomers is still elusive. Herein, we report a general strategy for the modular synthesis of disubstituted cyclohexanes with excellent kinetic stereocontrol from readily accessible substituted methylenecyclohexanes by the implementation of chain-walking catalysis. Mechanistically, the initial introduction of a sterically demanding boron ester group adjacent to the cyclohexane is key to guiding the stereochemical outcome. The synthetic potential of this methodology has been highlighted in late-stage modification of complex bioactive molecules and in comparison with current cross-coupling techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Yuqiang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hongjin Shi
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Hong Wei
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Haoyang Li
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Ignacio Funes-Ardoiz
- Department of Chemistry, Centro de Investigación en Síntesis Química, Universidad de La Rioja, 26006 Logroño, Spain
| | - Guoyin Yin
- The Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
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39
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Nakagawa M, Matsuki Y, Nagao K, Ohmiya H. A Triple Photoredox/Cobalt/Brønsted Acid Catalysis Enabling Markovnikov Hydroalkoxylation of Unactivated Alkenes. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:7953-7959. [PMID: 35476545 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c00527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate Markovnikov hydroalkoxylation of unactivated alkenes using alcohols through a triple catalysis consisting of photoredox, cobalt, and Brønsted acid catalysts under visible light irradiation. The triple catalysis realizes three key elementary steps in a single catalytic cycle: (1) Co(III) hydride generation by photochemical reduction of Co(II) followed by protonation, (2) metal hydride hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT) of alkenes by Co(III) hydride, and (3) oxidation of the alkyl Co(III) complex to alkyl Co(IV). The precise control of protons and electrons by the three catalysts allows the elimination of strong acids and external reductants/oxidants that are required in the conventional methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masanari Nakagawa
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Yuki Matsuki
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Kazunori Nagao
- Division of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kanazawa University, Kakuma-machi, Kanazawa 920-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Ohmiya
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.,JST, PRESTO, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
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40
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Selvakumar Sermadurai
- Indian Institute of Technology Indore Chemistry Khandwa road Simrol 453552 Indore INDIA
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41
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Gu J, Rodriguez KX, Kanda Y, Yang S, Ociepa M, Wilke H, Abrishami AV, Jørgensen L, Skak-Nielsen T, Chen JS, Baran PS. Convergent total synthesis of (+)-calcipotriol: A scalable, modular approach to vitamin D analogs. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2022; 119:e2200814119. [PMID: 35476519 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2200814119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
A convergent approach for the total synthesis of calcipotriol (brand name: Dovonex), a proven vitamin D analog used for the treatment of psoriasis, and medicinally relevant synthetic analogs is described. A complete approach, not wedded to semisynthesis, toward both the A-ring and CD-ring is reported. From a retrosynthetic standpoint, hidden symmetry within the decorated A-ring is disclosed, which allowed for scalable quantities of this advanced intermediate. In addition, a radical retrosynthetic approach is described, which highlights an electrochemical reductive coupling as well as an intramolecular hydrogen atom transfer Giese addition to establish the 6,5-transcarbon skeleton found in the vitamin D family. Finally, a late-stage decarboxylative cross-coupling approach allowed for the facile preparation of various C20-arylated derivatives that show promising biological activity in an initial bioassay.
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42
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Abstract
Terpenoids constitute a broad class of natural compounds with tremendous variability in structure and bioactivity, which resulted in a strong interest of the chemical community to this class of natural products over the last 150 years. The presence of strained small rings renders the terpenoid targets interesting for chemical synthesis, due to limited number of available methods and stability issues. In this feature article, a number of recent examples of total syntheses of terpenoids with complex carbon frameworks featuring small rings are discussed. Specific emphasis is given to the new developments in strategical and tactical approaches to construction of such systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gleb A Chesnokov
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Karl Gademann
- Department of Chemistry, University of Zurich, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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43
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Biswas S, Dewese KR, Raya B, RajanBabu TV. Catalytic Enantioselective Hydrovinylation of Trialkylsilyloxy and Acetoxy-1,3-Dienes: Cationic Co(I) Complexes for the Synthesis of Chiral Enolate Surrogates and Their Applications for Synthesis of Ketones and Cross-Coupling Reagents in High Enantiomeric Purity. ACS Catal 2022; 12:5094-5111. [DOI: 10.1021/acscatal.2c00546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Souvagya Biswas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Kendra R. Dewese
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - Balaram Raya
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
| | - T. V. RajanBabu
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The Ohio State University, 100 West 18th Avenue, Columbus, Ohio 43210, United States
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44
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Yamaguchi Y, Seino Y, Suzuki A, Kamei Y, Yoshino T, Kojima M, Matsunaga S. Intramolecular Hydrogen Atom Transfer Hydroarylation of Alkenes toward δ-Lactams Using Cobalt-Photoredox Dual Catalysis. Org Lett 2022; 24:2441-2445. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuto Yamaguchi
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yusuke Seino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Akihiko Suzuki
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Yuji Kamei
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Tatsuhiko Yoshino
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Masahiro Kojima
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
| | - Shigeki Matsunaga
- Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
- Global Station for Biosurfaces and Drug Discovery, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0812, Japan
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45
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Kong L, Yu H, Deng M, Wu F, Jiang Z, Luo T. Enantioselective Total Syntheses of Grayanane Diterpenoids: (-)-Grayanotoxin III, (+)-Principinol E, and (-)-Rhodomollein XX. J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:5268-5273. [PMID: 35297610 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c01692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Enantioselective total syntheses of (-)-grayanotoxin III, (+)-principinol E, and (-)-rhodomollein XX were accomplished based on a convergent strategy. The left- and right-wing fragments were assembled via the diastereoselective Mukaiyama aldol reaction catalyzed by a chiral hydrogen bond donor. The unique 7-endo-trig cyclization based on a bridgehead carbocation forged the 5/7/6/5 tetracyclic skeleton that underwent redox manipulations and 1,2-migration to access different grayanane diterpenoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingran Kong
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Hang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Mengping Deng
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Fanrui Wu
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhe Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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46
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Kim TT, Lee C, Kim D, Lee HS, Han S. Synthesis and Reactivity of 1-Hydroxyherquline A. Org Lett 2022; 24:1964-1968. [PMID: 35244406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c00379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we present the synthesis of 1-hydroxyherquline A and describe its reactivity discovered during its attempted conversion to herquline A, a long-sought natural product target in the synthetic chemical community. The strategic installation of the C1 hydroxyl group enabled the key aza-Michael addition-mediated N10-C2 bond formation and eventually access to 1-hydroxyherquline A, the most advanced herquline A congener reported to date. Our attempted reductive transformation of 1-hydroxyherquline A to herquline A was challenged by the extremely strained bowl-shaped pentacyclic structures of key precursors that prevented either radical formation at C1 or protonation (or hydrogenation) from the desired face. These discoveries regarding the innate chemical reactivities of advanced intermediates toward herquline A may prove useful in efforts toward this formidable target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas T Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Chungwoo Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Dongwook Kim
- Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Seung Lee
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunkyu Han
- Department of Chemistry, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea.,Center for Catalytic Hydrocarbon Functionalizations, Institute for Basic Science (IBS), Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
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47
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Affiliation(s)
- Rong Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Mengwei Xia
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Cichang Ling
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Shaomin Fu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
| | - Bo Liu
- Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry & Technology of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China
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48
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Zhu T, Zhang XJ, Zhou Z, Xu Z, Ma M, Zhao B. Synthesis of functionalized malononitriles via Fe-catalysed hydrogen atom transfers of alkenes. Org Biomol Chem 2022; 20:1480-1487. [PMID: 35103271 DOI: 10.1039/d1ob02332b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Described herein is a practical and convenient approach that enabled radical-mediated conjugate addition of unreactive alkenes to electron-deficient alkenes leading to a broad range of substituted malononitriles. These reactions are believed to proceed by Fe-catalysed hydrogen atom transfer (HAT) onto the alkenes affording carbon-centered radical intermediates with Markovnikov selectivity, followed by the capture of electron-deficient alkenes. We explored this synthesis approach under mild conditions with high efficiency and broad substrate scope and the utility is highlighted by the further synthetic transformations of the obtained substituted malononitriles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianxiang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Xue-Jun Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zihan Zhou
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Zitong Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Mengtao Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
| | - Binlin Zhao
- Department of Chemistry and Materials Science, College of Science, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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Fang X, Zhang N, Chen SC, Luo T. Scalable Total Synthesis of (-)-Triptonide: Serendipitous Discovery of a Visible-Light-Promoted Olefin Coupling Initiated by Metal-Catalyzed Hydrogen Atom Transfer (MHAT). J Am Chem Soc 2022; 144:2292-2300. [PMID: 35089705 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.1c12525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
An efficient and scalable total synthesis of (-)-triptonide is accomplished based on a metal-catalyzed hydrogen atom transfer (MHAT)-initiated radical cyclization. During the optimization of the key step, we discovered that blue LEDs significantly promoted the efficiency of reaction initiated by Co(TPP)-catalyzed MHAT. Further exploration and optimization of this catalytic system led to development of a dehydrogenative MHAT-initiated Giese reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianhe Fang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
| | - Nan Zhang
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Si-Cong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tuoping Luo
- Peking-Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences, Academy for Advanced Interdisciplinary Studies, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Ministry of Education and Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Science, College of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China.,Institute of Molecular Physiology, Shenzhen Bay Laboratory, Shenzhen, Guangdong 518055, China
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Abstract
Herein, we present our studies to construct seven ent-trachylobane diterpenoids by employing a bioinspired two-phase synthetic strategy. The first phase provided enantioselective and scalable access to five ent-trachylobanes, of which methyl ent-trachyloban-19-oate was produced on a 300 mg scale. During the second phase, chemical C-H oxidation methods were employed to enable selective conversion to two naturally occurring higher functionalized ent-trachylobanes. The formation of regioisomeric analogs, which are currently inaccessible via enzymatic methods, reveals the potential as well as limitations of established chemical C-H oxidation protocols for complex molecule synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Anton Wein
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Klaus Wurst
- Institute of GeneralInorganic and Theoretical ChemistryLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
| | - Thomas Magauer
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Center for Molecular BiosciencesLeopold-Franzens-University InnsbruckInnrain 80–826020InnsbruckAustria
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