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Mahía A, Kiib AE, Nisavic M, Svenningsen EB, Palmfeldt J, Poulsen TB. α-Lactam Electrophiles for Covalent Chemical Biology. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202304142. [PMID: 37114559 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202304142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Revised: 04/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
Electrophilic groups are one of the key pillars of contemporary chemical biology and medicinal chemistry. For instance, 3-membered N-heterocyclic compounds-such as aziridines, azirines, and oxaziridines-possess unique electronic and structural properties which underlie their potential and applicability as covalent tools. The α-lactams are also members of this group of compounds, however, their utility within the field remains unexplored. Here, we demonstrate an α-lactam reagent (AM2) that is tolerant to aqueous buffers while being reactive towards biologically relevant nucleophiles. Interestingly, carboxylesterases 1 and 2 (CES1/2), both serine hydrolases with key roles in endo- and xenobiotic metabolism, were found as primary covalent targets for AM2 in HepG2 liver cancer cells. All in all, this study constitutes the starting point for the further development and exploration of α-lactam-based electrophilic probes in covalent chemical biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandro Mahía
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Anders E Kiib
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Marija Nisavic
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Esben B Svenningsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
| | - Johan Palmfeldt
- Department of Clinical Medicine-Research Unit for Molecular Medicine, Aarhus University Hospital, Palle Juul-Jensens Boulevard 82, 8200, Aarhus N, Denmark
| | - Thomas B Poulsen
- Department of Chemistry, Aarhus University, Langelandsgade 140, 8000, Aarhus C, Denmark
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Ahmad R, Tyryshkin AM, Xie L, Hansen WA, Yachnin BJ, Emge TJ, Mashrai A, Khare SD, Knapp S. A Bis(imidazole)-based cysteine labeling tool for metalloprotein assembly. J Inorg Biochem 2023; 244:112206. [PMID: 37030124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2023.112206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 03/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/31/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Precise metal-protein coordination by design remains a considerable challenge. Polydentate, high-metal-affinity protein modifications, both chemical and recombinant, can enable metal localization. However, these constructs are often bulky, conformationally and stereochemically ill-defined, or coordinately saturated. Here, we expand the biomolecular metal-coordination toolbox with the irreversible attachment to cysteine of bis(1-methylimidazol-2-yl)ethene ("BMIE"), which generates a compact imidazole-based metal-coordinating ligand. Conjugate additions of small-molecule thiols (thiocresol and N-Boc-Cys) with BMIE confirm general thiol reactivity. The BMIE adducts are shown to complex the divalent metal ions Cu++ and Zn++ in bidentate (N2) and tridentate (N2S*) coordination geometries. Cysteine-targeted BMIE modification (>90% yield at pH 8.0) of a model protein, the S203C variant of carboxypeptidase G2 (CPG2), measured with ESI-MS, confirms its utility as a site-selective bioconjugation method. ICP-MS analysis confirms mono-metallation of the BMIE-modified CPG2 protein with Zn++, Cu++, and Co++. EPR characterization of the BMIE-modified CPG2 protein reveals the structural details of the site selective 1:1 BMIE-Cu++ coordination and symmetric tetragonal geometry under physiological conditions and in the presence of various competing and exchangeable ligands (H2O/HO-, tris, and phenanthroline). An X-ray protein crystal structure of BMIE-modified CPG2-S203C demonstrates that the BMIE modification is minimally disruptive to the overall protein structure, including the carboxypeptidase active sites, although Zn++ metalation could not be conclusively discerned at the resolution obtained. The carboxypeptidase catalytic activity of BMIE-modified CPG2-S203C was also assayed and found to be minimally affected. These features, combined with ease of attachment, define the new BMIE-based ligation as a versatile metalloprotein design tool, and enable future catalytic and structural applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheel Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Alexei M Tyryshkin
- Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 71 Dudley Road, New Brunswick, NJ 08901, United States of America
| | - Lingjun Xie
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - William A Hansen
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America; Rutgers Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, 174 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Brahm J Yachnin
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America; Rutgers Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, 174 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Thomas J Emge
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Ashraf Mashrai
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America; Rutgers Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, 174 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Sagar D Khare
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America; Rutgers Center for Integrative Proteomics Research, 174 Frelinghuysen Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America
| | - Spencer Knapp
- Department of Chemistry & Chemical Biology, Rutgers The State University of New Jersey, 123 Bevier Rd, Piscataway, NJ 08854, United States of America.
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Lebedev R, Dar’in D, Kantin G, Bakulina O, Krasavin M. One-Pot Sequence of Staudinger/aza-Wittig/Castagnoli-Cushman Reactions Provides Facile Access to Novel Natural-like Polycyclic Ring Systems. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27238130. [PMID: 36500222 PMCID: PMC9735558 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27238130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Realization of the one-pot Staudinger/aza-Wittig/Castagnoli-Cushman reaction sequence for a series of azido aldehydes and homophthalic anhydrides is described. The reaction proceeded at room temperature and delivered novel polyheterocycles related to the natural product realm in high yields and high diastereoselectivity. The methodology has been extended to three other cyclic anhydrides. These further unravel the potential of the Castagnoli-Cushman reaction in generating polyheterocyclic molecular scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodion Lebedev
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Dmitry Dar’in
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Grigory Kantin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Olga Bakulina
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russia
| | - Mikhail Krasavin
- Institute of Chemistry, Saint Petersburg State University, 26 Universitetskii Prospect, Peterhof 198504, Russia
- Institute of Living Systems, Immanuel Kant Baltic Federal University, Kaliningrad 236041, Russia
- Correspondence:
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