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Romagnoli R, Preti D, Hamel E, Bortolozzi R, Viola G, Brancale A, Ferla S, Morciano G, Pinton P. Concise synthesis and biological evaluation of 2-Aryl-3-Anilinobenzo[b]thiophene derivatives as potent apoptosis-inducing agents. Bioorg Chem 2021; 112:104919. [PMID: 33957538 DOI: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2021.104919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2021] [Revised: 04/12/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Many clinically used agents active in cancer chemotherapy exert their activity through the induction of cell death (apoptosis) by targeting microtubules, altering protein function or inhibiting DNA synthesis. The benzo[b]thiophene scaffold holds a pivotal place as a pharmacophore for the development of anticancer agents, and, in addition, this scaffold has many pharmacological activities. We have developed a flexible method for the construction of a new series of 2-aryl-3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophenes as potent antiproliferative agents, giving access to a wide range of substitution patterns at the 2-position of the 6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene common intermediate. In the present study, all the synthesized compounds retained the 3-(3,4,5-trimethoxyanilino)-6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene moiety, and the structure-activity relationship was examined by modification of the aryl group at its 2-position with electron-withdrawing (F) or electron-releasing (alkyl and alkoxy) groups. We found that small substituents, such as fluorine or methyl, could be placed in the para-position of the 2-phenyl ring, and these modifications only slightly reduced antiproliferative activity relative to the unsubstituted 2-phenyl analogue. Compounds 3a and 3b, bearing the phenyl and para-fluorophenyl at the 2-position of the 6-methoxybenzo[b]thiophene nucleus, respectively, exhibited the greatest antiproliferative activity among the tested compounds. The treatment of both Caco2 (not metastatic) and HCT-116 (metastatic) colon carcinoma cells with 3a or 3b triggered a significant induction of apoptosis as demonstrated by the increased expression of cleaved-poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP), receptor-interacting protein (RIP) and caspase-3 proteins. The same effect was not observed with non-transformed colon 841 CoN cells. A potential additional effect during mitosis for 3a in metastatic cells and for 3b in non-metastatic cells was also observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romeo Romagnoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy.
| | - Delia Preti
- Dipartimento di Scienze Chimiche, Farmaceutiche ed Agrarie, Via Luigi Borsari 46, Università degli Studi di Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ernest Hamel
- Molecular Pharmacology Branch, Developmental Therapeutics Program, Division of Cancer Treatment and Diagnosis, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - Roberta Bortolozzi
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Giampietro Viola
- Dipartimento di Salute della Donna e del Bambino, Laboratorio di Oncoematologia, Università di Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy; Istituto di Ricerca Pediatrica (IRP), Corso Stati Uniti 4, 35128 Padova, Italy
| | - Andrea Brancale
- School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Cardiff University, King Edward VII Avenue, Cardiff CF10 3NB, UK
| | - Salvatore Ferla
- Swansea University Medical School, Institute of Life Sciences 2, Swansea University, Swansea SA2 8PP, UK
| | - Giampaolo Morciano
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
| | - Paolo Pinton
- Department of Medical Sciences, Laboratory for Technologies of Advanced Therapies (LTTA), University of Ferrara, 44121 Ferrara, Italy
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Azizi S, Shadjou N. Iron oxide (Fe 3O 4) magnetic nanoparticles supported on wrinkled fibrous nanosilica (WFNS) functionalized by biimidazole ionic liquid as an effective and reusable heterogeneous magnetic nanocatalyst for the efficient synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines. Heliyon 2021; 7:e05915. [PMID: 33553722 PMCID: PMC7848647 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2021.e05915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Wrinkled fibrous nanosilica (WFNS) which functionalized by ionic liquid modified Fe3O4 NPs and CuI salts has been synthesized and characterized with FE-SEM, TEM, FT-IR, FAAS, EDX, and, XRD, VSM, and BET-BJH analysis. This new and effective magnetic ceramic nanocatalyst has been applied towards rapid synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines using reaction of phenyl acetylene, substituted sulfonyl azide and various amines under solvent-free conditions in very short reaction time. Higher catalytic activity CuI/Fe3O4NPs@IL-DFNS in the reaction is because of special structure of DFNS and existence of ionic liquids on its pores which act as a robust anchors to the loaded various nano-particles. So, this lead to no leaching of them from the pore of the composite. Shorter reaction time, higher yield, recovery of the catalyst using an external magnet and its reusability for 8 series without noteworthy reduction in its activity are the advantages of newly synthetic catalyst toward efficient synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Azizi
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Nasrin Shadjou
- Department of Nanotechnology, Faculty of Science and Chemistry, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran
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Sagaama A, Issaoui N. Design, molecular docking analysis of an anti-inflammatory drug, computational analysis and intermolecular interactions energy studies of 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 88:107348. [PMID: 32739798 PMCID: PMC7384430 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2020] [Revised: 07/16/2020] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, theoretical study on molecular geometry, vibrational, pharmaceutical and electronic properties of the monomeric and dimeric structures of 1-benzothiophene-2-carboxylic acid (2BT) were carried out using B3LYP hybrid functional with 6-311++G(d,p) as basis set. The structural study show that the stability of 2BT crystalline structure arising from O-H…O, C-H…O as well as S-H…O hydrogen bonding interactions. Vibrational analysis, for monomer and dimer species, show a good compatibility between experimental and theoretical frequencies. Then, the 1H and 13C NMR chemical shifts were calculated using Gauge Independent Atomic Orbital (GIAO) technical. In addition, the UV-Vis spectrum was simulated in gas phase and in water throughout TD-DFT calculation. The electronic transitions were identified based on HOM-LUMO energies. However, donor-acceptor interactions and charge delocalization has been studied via natural bond orbital (NBO). The nucleophilic and electrophilic site localization is identified by molecular electrostatic potential. Hirshfeld surface analysis has been discussed based on color code demonstrating the various non covalent interactions. Besides, molecular docking analysis was reported to evince the pharmaceutical properties of the studied molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abir Sagaama
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics LR18ES18, Faculty of Sciences, Monastir 5079, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Issaoui
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics LR18ES18, Faculty of Sciences, Monastir 5079, Tunisia.
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Baenziger M, Baierl M, Devanathan K, Eswaran S, Fu P, Gschwend B, Haller M, Kasinathan G, Kovacic N, Langlois A, Li Y, Schuerch F, Shen X, Wan Y, Wickendick R, Xie S, Zhang K. Synthesis Development of the Selective Estrogen Receptor Degrader (SERD) LSZ102 from a Suzuki Coupling to a C–H Activation Strategy. Org Process Res Dev 2020. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.oprd.0c00076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Markus Baenziger
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marcel Baierl
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Sumesh Eswaran
- Anthem Biosciences Private Ltd., 49 Canara Bank Road, Bommasandra 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Peng Fu
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co. Ltd., 18-1 Tonglian Road, Bixi Subdistrict, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bjoern Gschwend
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Michael Haller
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gopu Kasinathan
- Anthem Biosciences Private Ltd., 49 Canara Bank Road, Bommasandra 560099, Karnataka, India
| | - Nikola Kovacic
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Audrey Langlois
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Yongfeng Li
- Lianhe Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., 8 Yongjiao Road, Jiangkou Economic Zone, Huangyan, Taizhou 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Friedrich Schuerch
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Xiaodong Shen
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co. Ltd., 18-1 Tonglian Road, Bixi Subdistrict, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yinbo Wan
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Suzhou Novartis Technical Development Co. Ltd., 18-1 Tonglian Road, Bixi Subdistrict, Changshu 215537, Jiangsu, China
| | - Regina Wickendick
- Chemical & Analytical Development, Novartis Pharma AG, 4056 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Siwei Xie
- Lianhe Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., 8 Yongjiao Road, Jiangkou Economic Zone, Huangyan, Taizhou 318020, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kai Zhang
- Lianhe Chemical Technology Co. Ltd., 8 Yongjiao Road, Jiangkou Economic Zone, Huangyan, Taizhou 318020, Zhejiang, China
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Ben Issa T, Sagaama A, Issaoui N. Computational study of 3-thiophene acetic acid: Molecular docking, electronic and intermolecular interactions investigations. Comput Biol Chem 2020; 86:107268. [PMID: 32380384 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiolchem.2020.107268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The present work undertakes the structural and electronic properties of 3-thiophene acetic acid (abbreviated as 3-TAA) monomer and dimer. DFT calculations were performed using B3LYP functional in combination with the aug-cc-pVTZ basis set. The optimized structural parameters were found to be in a good agreement with experimental molecular geometry. The stability of the crystal packing was ensured by OH⋯O, C-H⋯O and CH⋯S intermolecular interactions. All the Non covalent interactions were deeply studied in terms of their topological parameters, Hirshfeld surface (HS) analysis and reduced density gradient (RDG) analysis. The electronic properties of the investigated compound have been performed using time dependent density functional theory (TD-DFT) and discussed through its correspondant HOMO, LUMO and excitation energy values. Likewise, the reactivity of 3-TAA was discussed in terms of several thermodynamic parameters. In addition, the molecular electrostatic potential (MEP) surface has been performed and discussed in terms of color distribution. In addition, the natural bond orbital (NBO) analysis was used to investigate the electronic charge transfer into the molecule. Harmine, Clorgyline, Isatin, zonisamide and our title compound including are known with their competitive inhibitory activity on Human monoamine oxidase, commonly named MAO A and B. This enzyme is a critical enzyme in the degradative deamination of biogenic amines throughout the body. Thus, molecular docking behaviors of 3-TAA are computed and compared to the results found for Harmine, Clorgyline, Isatin, zonisamide ligands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takoua Ben Issa
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, Monastir 5079, Tunisia
| | - Abir Sagaama
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, Monastir 5079, Tunisia
| | - Noureddine Issaoui
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Quantum and Statistical Physics (LR18ES18), Faculty of Sciences, Monastir 5079, Tunisia.
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Noland WE, Kumar HV, Reddi Y, Cramer CJ, Novikov AV, Kim H, Zhu Y, Chin YC, Zhou Y, Radakovic P, Uprety A, Xie J, Flick GC. Diels–Alder/Ene Reactivities of 2-(1′-Cycloalkenyl)thiophenes and 2-(1′-Cycloalkenyl)benzo[b]thiophenes with N-Phenylmaleimides: Role of Cycloalkene Ring Size on Benzothiophene and Dibenzothiophene Product Distributions. J Org Chem 2020; 85:5265-5287. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b03363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wayland E. Noland
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Honnaiah Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yernaidu Reddi
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Christopher J. Cramer
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Alexei V. Novikov
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Hyejin Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yumeng Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yoke Ching Chin
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Yuqi Zhou
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Predrag Radakovic
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Anjola Uprety
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Grant C. Flick
- Department of Chemistry, Chemical Theory Center, and Supercomputing Institute, University of Minnesota, 207 Pleasant Street SE, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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Nayak SG, Poojary B. A Review on the Preparation of 1,3,4-Oxadiazoles From the Dehydration of Hydrazines and Study of Their Biological Roles. Chemistry Africa 2019; 2:551-71. [DOI: 10.1007/s42250-019-00084-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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8
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Mohammadkhani
- Department of Chemistry, School of SciencesAlzahra University Vanak, Tehran Iran
| | - Majid M. Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of SciencesAlzahra University Vanak, Tehran Iran
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Zhang Y, Chen Z. Three component reaction of aryl diazonium salt with sulfonamide & actonitrile to synthesize N-sulfonyl amidine. Tetrahedron Lett 2018; 59:4183-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2018.10.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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10
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Yilmaz F. Synthesis and Characterisation of Some New Hybrid Molecules Containing Thiophene, Triazole and Coumarin Rings under Microwave Conditions. Journal of Chemical Research 2018. [DOI: 10.3184/174751918x15314831778603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
In this work, a new series of N‘-{[4-amino-5-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]acetyl}-2-oxo-2H-1-benzopyran-3-carbohydrazides (thiophene–triazole–coumarin hybrid molecules) was synthesised from the reaction of 2-[4-amino-5-oxo-3-(thiophen-2-yl)-4,5-dihydro-1H-1,2,4-triazol-1-yl]acetohydrazide and 3-(1H-benzotriazol-1-ylcarbonyl)-2H-chromen-2-ones by using microwave irradiation and conventional heating procedures and their results were compared. The reaction was performed using a very small amount of organic solvent and without using a catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Yilmaz
- Recep Tayyip Erdogan University, Vocational School of Technical Studies, Department of Chemistry and Chemical Processing Technology, 53100 Rize, Turkey
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11
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Karakuş H, Dürüst Y. Novel benzothiophene 1,1-dioxide deoxygenation path for the microwave-assisted synthesis of substituted benzothiophene-fused pyrrole derivatives. Mol Divers 2017; 21:53-60. [PMID: 27677736 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-016-9700-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The reaction of C-(4-substituted-phenyl)-N-(benzoyl)-N-methylglycines with benzo[b]thiophene 1,1-dioxide unexpectedly gave benzothiophene-fused pyrrole derivatives in toluene under microwave irradiation via a cycloaddition and metal-free Pummerer-type sulfone deoxygenation path. In order to obtain the desired sulfone derivatives, the sulfide group underwent oxidation with m-CPBA to afford sulfones. The structures of all the new products were elucidated by spectroscopic/physical methods and, in two cases, by X-ray diffraction.
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12
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Ghasemi Z, Shojaei S, Shahrisa A. Copper iodide nanoparticles supported on magnetic aminomethylpyridine functionalized cellulose: a new heterogeneous and recyclable nanomagnetic catalyst for facile access to N-sulfonylamidines under solvent free conditions. RSC Adv 2016. [DOI: 10.1039/c6ra13251k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A highly active catalyst based on CuI nanoparticles supported on magnetic aminomethylpyridine functionalized cellulose has been synthesized. It well catalyzes the multicomponent synthesis of N-sulfonylamidines under solvent free conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zarrin Ghasemi
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 5166614766
- Iran
| | - Salman Shojaei
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 5166614766
- Iran
| | - Aziz Shahrisa
- Department of Organic and Biochemistry
- Faculty of Chemistry
- University of Tabriz
- Tabriz 5166614766
- Iran
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Mahendra Raj K, Vivekanand B, Nagesh G, Mruthyunjayaswamy B. Synthesis, spectroscopic characterization, electrochemistry and biological evaluation of some binuclear transition metal complexes of bicompartmental ONO donor ligands containing benzo[b]thiophene moiety. J Mol Struct 2014; 1059:280-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molstruc.2013.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Labarrios E, Jerezano A, Jiménez F, del Carmen Cruz M, Delgado F, Zepeda LG, Tamariz J. Efficient Synthetic Approach to Substituted Benzo[b]furans and Benzo[b]thiophenes by Iodine-Promoted Cyclization of Enaminones. J Heterocycl Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/jhet.1686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ehecatl Labarrios
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala; 11340 México D.F. Mexico
| | - Alberto Jerezano
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala; 11340 México D.F. Mexico
| | - Fabiola Jiménez
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Km 15 Carretera Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac Tepetitla 90700 Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - María del Carmen Cruz
- Centro de Investigación en Biotecnología Aplicada; Instituto Politécnico Nacional; Km 15 Carretera Sta. Inés Tecuexcomac Tepetitla 90700 Tlaxcala Mexico
| | - Francisco Delgado
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala; 11340 México D.F. Mexico
| | - L. Gerardo Zepeda
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala; 11340 México D.F. Mexico
| | - Joaquín Tamariz
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Escuela Nacional de Ciencias Biológicas; Instituto Politécnico Nacional. Prol. Carpio y Plan de Ayala; 11340 México D.F. Mexico
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Gazvoda M, Kočevar M, Polanc S. In Situ Formation of Vilsmeier Reagents Mediated by Oxalyl Chloride: a Tool for the Selective Synthesis ofN-Sulfonylformamidines. European J Org Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201300402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Eng H, Sharma R, McDonald TS, Edmonds DJ, Fortin JP, Li X, Stevens BD, Griffith DA, Limberakis C, Nolte WM, Price DA, Jackson M, Kalgutkar AS. Demonstration of the Innate Electrophilicity of 4-(3-(Benzyloxy)phenyl)-2-(ethylsulfinyl)-6-(trifluoromethyl)pyrimidine (BETP), a Small-Molecule Positive Allosteric Modulator of the Glucagon-Like Peptide-1 Receptor. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1470-9. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.052183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
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Kalgutkar AS, Ryder TF, Walker GS, Orr STM, Cabral S, Goosen TC, Lapham K, Eng H. Reactive Metabolite Trapping Studies on Imidazo- and 2-Methylimidazo[2,1-b]thiazole-Based Inverse Agonists of the Ghrelin Receptor. Drug Metab Dispos 2013; 41:1375-88. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.113.051839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Maisuradze MG, Ananiashvili VO, Alapishvili MG, Gakhokidze NZ, Matnadze MM, Palavandishvili GA. Some new 3H-benzo[b]thiophene-[3,2-e]benzimidazole derivatives. Chem Heterocycl Compd (N Y) 2013; 48:1801-4. [DOI: 10.1007/s10593-013-1211-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Alafeefy AM, Isik S, Abdel-Aziz HA, Ashour AE, Vullo D, Al-Jaber NA, Supuran CT. Carbonic anhydrase inhibitors: benzenesulfonamides incorporating cyanoacrylamide moieties are low nanomolar/subnanomolar inhibitors of the tumor-associated isoforms IX and XII. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1396-403. [PMID: 23290254 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2012] [Revised: 12/04/2012] [Accepted: 12/05/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of benzenesulfonamides incorporating cyanoacrylamide moieties (tyrphostine analogues) have been obtained by reaction of sulfanilamide with ethylcyanoacetate followed by condensation with aromatic/heterocyclic aldehydes, isothiocyanates or diazonium salts. The new compounds have been investigated as inhibitors of the metalloenzyme carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4. 2.1.1), and more specifically against the cytosolic human (h) isoforms hCA I and II, as well as the transmembrane, tumor-associated ones CA IX and XII, which are validated antitumor targets. Most of the new benzenesulfonamides were low nanomolar or subnanomolar CA IX/XII inhibitors whereas they were less effective as inhibitors of CA I and II. The structure-activity relationship for this class of effective CA inhibitors is also discussed. Generally, electron donating groups in the starting aldehyde reagent favored CA IX and XII inhibition, whereas halogeno, methoxy and dimethylamino moieties led to very potent CA XII inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ahmed M Alafeefy
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Salman Bin Abdulaziz University, PO Box 173, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia.
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Güzel-Akdemir Ö, Akdemir A, Isik S, Vullo D, Supuran CT. o-Benzenedisulfonimido–sulfonamides are potent inhibitors of the tumor-associated carbonic anhydrase isoforms CA IX and CA XII. Bioorg Med Chem 2013; 21:1386-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2012.12.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2012] [Revised: 12/24/2012] [Accepted: 12/26/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Erol I, Arslan Ö. Copolymers of novel methacrylic and styrenic monomer based on the thiophene: synthesis, characterization, monomer reactivity ratios, thermal properties, and biological activity. Journal of Biomaterials Science, Polymer Edition 2012; 24:1198-218. [DOI: 10.1080/09205063.2012.745715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ibrahim Erol
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts , University of Afyon Kocatepe , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
| | - Öznur Arslan
- a Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Arts , University of Afyon Kocatepe , Afyonkarahisar , Turkey
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION The design of target-specific covalent inhibitors is conceptually attractive because of increased biochemical efficiency through covalency and increased duration of action that outlasts the pharmacokinetics of the agent. Although many covalent inhibitors have been approved or are in advanced clinical trials to treat indications such as cancer and hepatitis C, there is a general tendency to avoid them as drug candidates because of concerns regarding immune-mediated toxicity that can arise from indiscriminate reactivity with off-target proteins. AREAS COVERED The review examines potential reason(s) for the excellent safety record of marketed covalent agents and advanced clinical candidates for emerging therapeutic targets. A significant emphasis is placed on proteomic techniques and chemical/biochemical reactivity assays that aim to provide a systematic rank ordering of pharmacologic selectivity relative to off-target protein reactivity of covalent inhibitors. EXPERT OPINION While tactics to examine selective covalent modification of the pharmacologic target are broadly applicable in drug discovery, it is unclear whether the output from such studies can prospectively predict idiosyncratic immune-mediated drug toxicity. Opinions regarding an acceptable threshold of protein reactivity/body burden for a toxic electrophile and a non-toxic electrophilic covalent drug have not been defined. Increasing confidence in proteomic and chemical/biochemical reactivity screens will require a retrospective side-by-side profiling of marketed covalent drugs and electrophiles known to cause deleterious toxic effects via non-selective covalent binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, Pfizer Worldwide Research and Development, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA.
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Chen S, Xu Y, Wan X. Direct condensation of sulfonamide and formamide: NaI-catalyzed synthesis of N-sulfonyl formamidine using TBHP as oxidant. Org Lett 2011; 13:6152-5. [PMID: 22039964 DOI: 10.1021/ol2024604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A new N-sulfonyl formamidine synthesis was developed via NaI-catalyzed direct condensation of sulfonamide and formamide. The green methodology is featured by high atom economy, easily available starting materials, the lack of need for a transition-metal catalyst, no requirement of hazardous reagent, operational simplicity, and good tolerance with diverse functional groups. Mechanistic studies suggest that the protocol proceeds based upon in situ generated TsN·NaI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shulin Chen
- Key Laboratory of Organic Synthesis of Jiangsu Province, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, P. R. China
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Naganagowda G, Petsom A. Synthesis and Antimicrobial Activity of Some New 5-(3-Chloro-1-Benzothiophen-2-YL)-1,3,4-Oxadiazole-2-Thiol and Their Derivatives. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/10426507.2011.586905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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25
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Alberti A, Campredon M, Demadrille R. On the Photodegradation of Some 2H-Chromene Derivatives in Fluid Solution or in Polyurethane Matrix. BCSJ 2011. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20100338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Kalgutkar AS, Mascitti V, Sharma R, Walker GW, Ryder T, McDonald TS, Chen Y, Preville C, Basak A, McClure KF, Kohrt JT, Robinson RP, Munchhof MJ, Cornelius P. Intrinsic Electrophilicity of a 4-Substituted-5-cyano-6-(2-methylpyridin-3-yloxy)pyrimidine Derivative: Structural Characterization of Glutathione Conjugates in Vitro. Chem Res Toxicol 2011; 24:269-78. [DOI: 10.1021/tx100429x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit S. Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Vincent Mascitti
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory W. Walker
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Tim Ryder
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Thomas S. McDonald
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yue Chen
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Cathy Preville
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Arindrajit Basak
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kim F. McClure
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey T. Kohrt
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ralph P. Robinson
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Michael J. Munchhof
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Peter Cornelius
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics, and Metabolism Department, ‡Medicinal Chemistry Department and §Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
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Affiliation(s)
- G. V. P. Chandramouli
- a Department of Chemistry , Regional Engineering College , Warangal , 506 004 , India
| | - B. Prasanna
- a Department of Chemistry , Regional Engineering College , Warangal , 506 004 , India
| | - P. Naveen Kumar
- a Department of Chemistry , Regional Engineering College , Warangal , 506 004 , India
| | - P. Vijayakumar Reddy
- a Department of Chemistry , Regional Engineering College , Warangal , 506 004 , India
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Kalgutkar AS. Handling reactive metabolite positives in drug discovery: What has retrospective structure-toxicity analyses taught us? Chem Biol Interact 2010; 192:46-55. [PMID: 20833160 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2010.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2010] [Revised: 08/30/2010] [Accepted: 09/02/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because of the inability to predict and quantify the risk of idiosyncratic adverse drug reactions (IADRs) and because reactive metabolites (RMs) as opposed to the parent molecules from which they are derived are thought to be responsible for the pathogenesis of some IADRs, procedures (RM trapping/covalent binding) are being incorporated into the discovery screening funnel early-on to assess the risk of RM formation. Utility of the methodology in structure-toxicity relationships and scope in abrogating RM formation at the lead optimization stage are discussed in this article. Interpretation of the output from RM assessment assays, however, is confounded by the fact that many successfully marketed drugs are false positives. Therefore, caution must be exercised in deprioritizing a compound based on a positive result, so that the development of a useful and potentially profitable compound won't be unnecessarily halted. Risk mitigation strategies (e.g., competing detoxication pathways, low daily dose, etc.) when selecting RM positives for clinical development are also reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pharmacokinetics, Dynamics and Metabolism Department, Pfizer Global Research and Development, Eastern Point Road, Groton, CT 06340, USA.
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Naganagowda G, Padmashali B. Utility of 3-Chlorobenzothiophene-2-Carbonylisothiocyanate for the Synthesis of Some Novel Biheterocycles of Expected Biological Activity. PHOSPHORUS SULFUR 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/10426500903055196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gadada Naganagowda
- a Department of Chemistry, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous) , Kuvempu University , Shimoga, Karnataka, India
| | - Basavaraj Padmashali
- a Department of Chemistry, Sahyadri Science College (Autonomous) , Kuvempu University , Shimoga, Karnataka, India
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Barboiu M, Supuran CT, Menabuoni L, Scozzafava A, Mincione F, Briganti F, Mincione G. Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors. Synthesis of Topically Effective Intraocular Pressure Lowering Agents Derived from 5-(ω-Amino-Alkylcarboxamido)-1,3,4-Thia-Diazole-2-Sulfonamide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1080/14756369909030339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mihai Barboiu
- Laboratoire des Matériaux et Procédés Membranaires, Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Chimie Montpellier 8, rue de l'Ecole Normale, F-34296, Montpellier, Cedex, 5, France
| | - Claudiu T. Supuran
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
| | - Luca Menabuoni
- Ospedale San Giovanni di Dio, S. O. Oculistica, Via Torregalli 3, I-50123, Firenze, Italia
| | - Andrea Scozzafava
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
| | - Francesco Mincione
- Università degli Studi, Institute of Ophthalmology, Viale Morgagni 85, I-50123, Firenze, Italia
| | - Fabrizio Briganti
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
| | - Giovanna Mincione
- Università degli Studi, Laboratorio di Chimica Inorganica e Bioinorganica, Via Gino Capponi 7, I-50121, Firenze, Italia
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Vernier W, Chong W, Rewolinski D, Greasley S, Pauly T, Shaw M, Dinh D, Ferre RA, Meador JW, Nukui S, Ornelas M, Paz RL, Reyner E. Thioether benzenesulfonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases II and IV: structure-based drug design, synthesis, and biological evaluation. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18:3307-19. [PMID: 20363633 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2010.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2009] [Revised: 03/04/2010] [Accepted: 03/06/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A novel series of potent thioether benzenesulfonamide inhibitors of carbonic anhydrases II and IV was discovered using structure-based drug design. Synthesis, structure-activity relationship, and optimization of physicochemical properties are described. Low nanomolar potency was achieved, and selected compounds with improved thermodynamic solubility showed promising in vitro inhibition of carbonic anhydrase activity in rabbit iris ciliary body homogenate.
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Affiliation(s)
- William Vernier
- Pfizer Global Research and Development, La Jolla Laboratories, 10770 Science Center Drive, San Diego, CA 92121, USA.
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Bateman TJ, Debenham JS, Madsen-Duggan C, Toupence RB, Walsh TF, Truong Q, Bradley SA, Doss GA, Kumar S, Reddy VBG. Glutathione S-transferase catalyzed desulfonylation of a sulfonylfuropyridine. Drug Metab Dispos 2010; 38:108-14. [PMID: 19797605 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.109.029801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
MRL-1, a cannabinoid receptor-1 inverse agonist, was a member of a lead candidate series for the treatment of obesity. In rats, MRL-1 is eliminated mainly via metabolism, followed by excretion of the metabolites into bile. The major metabolite M1, a glutathione conjugate of MRL-1, was isolated and characterized by liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry and NMR spectroscopic methods. The data suggest that the t-butylsulfonyl group at C-2 of furopyridine was displaced by the glutathionyl group. In vitro experiments using rat and monkey liver microsomes in the presence of reduced glutathione (GSH) showed that the formation of M1 was independent of NADPH and molecular oxygen, suggesting that this reaction was not mediated by an oxidative reaction and a glutathione S-transferase (GST) was likely involved in catalyzing this reaction. Furthermore, a rat hepatic GST was capable of catalyzing the conversion of MRL-1 to M1 in the presence of GSH. When a close analog of MRL-1, a p-chlorobenzenesulfonyl furopyridine derivative (MRL-2), was incubated with rat liver microsomes in the presence of GSH, p-chlorobenzene sulfinic acid (M2) was also identified as a product in addition to the expected M1. Based on these data, a mechanism is proposed involving direct nucleophilic addition of GSH to sulfonylfuropyridine, resulting in an unstable adduct that spontaneously decomposes to form M1 and M2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas J Bateman
- Department of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, Merck Research Laboratories, Rahway, New Jersey, USA
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Isloor AM, Kalluraya B, Sridhar Pai K. Synthesis, characterization and biological activities of some new benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45:825-30. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2009.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2009] [Revised: 10/03/2009] [Accepted: 11/05/2009] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Pfefferkorn JA, Lou J, Minich ML, Filipski KJ, He M, Zhou R, Ahmed S, Benbow J, Perez AG, Tu M, Litchfield J, Sharma R, Metzler K, Bourbonais F, Huang C, Beebe DA, Oates PJ. Pyridones as glucokinase activators: Identification of a unique metabolic liability of the 4-sulfonyl-2-pyridone heterocycle. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:3247-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.04.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2009] [Revised: 04/16/2009] [Accepted: 04/21/2009] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, many oral drugs have been designed in consideration of physicochemical properties to attain optimal pharmacokinetic properties. This strategy significantly reduced attrition in drug development owing to inadequate pharmacokinetics during the last decade. On the other hand, most ophthalmic drugs are generated from reformulation of other therapeutic dosage forms. Therefore, the modification of formulations has been used mainly as the approach to improve ocular pharmacokinetics. However, to maximize ocular pharmacokinetic properties, a specific molecular design for ocular drug is preferable. Passive diffusion of drugs across the cornea membranes requires appropriate lipophilicity and aqueous solubility. Improvement of such physicochemical properties has been achieved by structure optimization or prodrug approaches. This review discusses the current knowledge about ophthalmic drugs adapted from systemic drugs and molecular design for ocular drugs. I propose the approaches for molecular design to obtain the optimal ocular penetration into anterior segment based on published studies to date.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihisa Shirasaki
- Senju Pharmaceutical Co, Ltd, 1-5-4 Murotani, Nishi-ku, Kobe, Hyogo 651-2241, Japan.
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Ca Vagna GD, Delort P, Gordon LR, Peter C, Smith RL. Cross Sensitivity Reactions Among Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors in the Guinea Pig. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.3109/15569529509068341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Ashry ESHE, Kassem AA, Abdel-Hamid H, Louis FF, Khattab SAN, Aouad MR. Novel regioselective formation of S- and N-hydroxyl-alkyls of 5-(3-chlorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl)-3-mercapto-4H-1,2,4-triazole and a facile synthesis of triazolo-thiazoles and thiazolo-triazoles. Role of catalyst and microwave. Nucleosides Nucleotides Nucleic Acids 2007; 26:437-51. [PMID: 17578742 DOI: 10.1080/15257770701426187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Regioselective alkylation of 5-(3-chlorobenzo[b]thien-2-yl)-4H-1,2,4-triazole (1) with hydroxy alkylating agents 2, 3, 13, and the 2,3-O-isopropylidene-1-O-(p-tolylsulfonyl)-glycerol (10) afforded the corresponding S-alkylated derivatives 6, 7, 11, and 14 under both conventional and microwave irradiation conditions; bentonite as a solid support gave better results, with no change in regioselectivity. A facile intramolecular dehydrative ring closure of 6, 7, 11, and 14 using K(2)CO(3) in DMF afforded the corresponding fused triazolo-thiazines and thiazolo-triazole 17-19. The isopropylidenes and acetyl derivatives of the products were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- E S H El Ashry
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
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Richardson TI, Frank SA, Wang M, Clarke CA, Jones SA, Ying BP, Kohlman DT, Wallace OB, Shepherd TA, Dally RD, Palkowitz AD, Geiser AG, Bryant HU, Henck JW, Cohen IR, Rudmann DG, McCann DJ, Coutant DE, Oldham SW, Hummel CW, Fong KC, Hinklin R, Lewis G, Tian H, Dodge JA. Structure-activity relationships of SERMs optimized for uterine antagonism and ovarian safety. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2007; 17:3544-9. [PMID: 17482463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2007.04.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2007] [Revised: 04/16/2007] [Accepted: 04/18/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Structure-activity relationship studies are described, which led to the discovery of novel selective estrogen receptor modulators (SERMs) for the potential treatment of uterine fibroids. The SAR studies focused on limiting brain exposure and were guided by computational properties. Compounds with limited impact on the HPO axis were selected using serum estrogen levels as a biomarker for ovarian stimulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. J. Novak
- a Analytical Research Department , Merck Research Laboratories , P.O. Box 2000, R80Y-120, Rahway, NJ, 07065
| | - L. Berwick
- a Analytical Research Department , Merck Research Laboratories , P.O. Box 2000, R80Y-120, Rahway, NJ, 07065
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. Scott
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global R&D, 10578 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, U.S.A
| | - Sean N. Neville
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global R&D, 10578 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, U.S.A
| | - Armando Urbina
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global R&D, 10578 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, U.S.A
| | - David Camp
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global R&D, 10578 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, U.S.A
| | - Nebojsa Stankovic
- Chemical Research and Development, Pfizer Global R&D, 10578 Science Center Drive, San Diego, California 92121, U.S.A
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Price S, Bull R, Cramp S, Gardan S, van den Heuvel M, Neighbour D, Osbourn SE, de Esch IJ, Buenemann CL. A novel synthetic approach towards 2-guanidinomethyl-4(5)-sulfamoylimidazoles. Tetrahedron Lett 2004. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2004.05.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Abstract
At least 14 different carbonic anhydrase (CA, EC 4.2.1.1) isoforms were isolated in higher vertebrates, where these zinc enzymes play crucial physiological roles. Some of these isozymes are cytosolic (CA I, CA II, CA III, CA VII), others are membrane-bound (CA IV, CA IX, CA XII, and CA XIV), CA V is mitochondrial and CA VI is secreted in saliva. Three acatalytic forms are also known, which are denominated CA related proteins (CARP), CARP VIII, CARP X, and CARP XI. Several important physiological and physio-pathological functions are played by many CA isozymes, which are strongly inhibited by aromatic and heterocyclic sulfonamides as well as inorganic, metal complexing anions. The catalytic and inhibition mechanisms of these enzymes are understood in detail, and this helped the design of potent inhibitors, some of which possess important clinical applications. The use of such enzyme inhibitors as antiglaucoma drugs will be discussed in detail, together with the recent developments that led to isozyme-specific and organ-selective inhibitors. A recent discovery is connected with the involvement of CAs and their sulfonamide inhibitors in cancer: several potent sulfonamide inhibitors inhibited the growth of a multitude of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo, thus constituting interesting leads for developing novel antitumor therapies. Furthermore, some other classes of compounds that interact with CAs have recently been discovered, some of which possess modified sulfonamide or hydroxamate moieties. Some sulfonamides have also applications as diagnostic tools, in PET and MRI or as antiepileptics or for the treatment of other neurological disorders. Future prospects for drug design applications for inhibitors of these ubiquitous enzymes are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudiu T Supuran
- Dipartimento di Chimica, University of Florence, Via della Lastruccia 3, Rm 188, Polo Scientifico, 50019-Sesto Fiorentino (Firenze), Italy.
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Kitamura T, Zhang BX, Fujiwara Y. Novel [4 + 2]-cycloaddition of 1-phenyl-1-benzothiophenium salts with dienes. Experimental evidence for a lack of aromaticity in the thiophene ring. J Org Chem 2003; 68:731-5. [PMID: 12558392 DOI: 10.1021/jo020406p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The [4 + 2]-cycloaddition reaction of 1-phenyl-1-benzothiophenium triflates has been conducted for the first time. [4 + 2]-Cycloaddition with dienes such as cyclopentadiene and 1,3-diphenylisobenzofuran occurs successfully to give cycloadducts. This result indicates that the C=C bond of the thiophene ring acts as a 2pi electron component in the cycloaddition reaction. Cycloadducts were formed in high yields with high stereoselectivity. However, the cycloaddition with other less reactive dienes such as 2,3-dimethyl-1,3-butadiene did not take place. The structure and stereochemistry of cycloadduct 2a were analyzed by NMR techniques. Furthermore, reaction of the cycloadducts with sodium methoxide in methanol gave the ring-opened products in high yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tsugio Kitamura
- Department of Chemistry and Applied Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Saga University, Honjo-machi, Saga 840-8502, Japan.
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Abstract
Through this review it is contemplated that acetazolamide (ACZ), an age-old treatment for glaucoma with a myriad of side effects and inadequate topical effectiveness, may be formulated into a topically effective agent by utilizing various newer formulation approaches of ocular drug delivery. Even though it has a poor solubility and penetration power, various studies mentioned in the review indicate that it is possible to successfully formulate topically effective ACZ by using: (i) high concentration of the drug, (ii) surfactant gel preparations of ACZ, (iii) ACZ loaded into liposomes, (iv) cyclodextrins to increase the solubility and hence bioavailability of ACZ, and (v) viscolyzers and other polymers either alone or in combination with cyclodextrins. With the advent of newer topical carbonic anhydrase inhibitors (CAIs) like dorzolamide and brinzolamide, a localized effect with fewer side effects is expected. But whenever absorbed systemically, a similar range of adverse effects (attributable to sulphonamides) may occur upon use. Furthermore, oral ACZ is reported to be more physiologically effective than 2% dorzolamide hydrochloride administered topically, even though in isolated tissues dorzolamide appears to be the most active as it shows the lowest IC(50) values for CA-II and CA-IV [M.F. Surgue, J. Ocular Pharmacol. Ther. 12 (1996) 363-376]. Hence, there exists considerable scope for the development of more/equally effective and inexpensive topically effective formulations of ACZ. The use of various formulation technologies discussed in this review can provide a fresh impetus to research in this area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Indu Pal Kaur
- University Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India.
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Grüneberg S, Stubbs MT, Klebe G. Successful virtual screening for novel inhibitors of human carbonic anhydrase: strategy and experimental confirmation. J Med Chem 2002; 45:3588-602. [PMID: 12166932 DOI: 10.1021/jm011112j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 130] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Virtual screening of compound libraries is an alternative and complementary approach to high-throughput screening in the lead discovery process. A new strategy is described to search for possible leads of human carbonic anhydrase II, applying a protocol of several consecutive hierarchical filters involving a preselection based on functional group requirements and fast pharmacophore matching. A suitable pharmacophore is derived by a sophisticated "hot spot" analysis of the binding site to detect regions favorable for protein-ligand interactions. In subsequent steps, molecular similarity with known reference ligands is used to rerank the hits from the pharmacophore matching. Finally the best scored candidates are docked flexibly into the protein binding pocket. After examination of the affinity predictions, 13 compounds were selected for experimental testing. Of these 13, three could be shown to be subnanomolar, one is nanomolar, while a further seven are micromolar inhibitors. The binding mode of two hits could be confirmed by crystal structure analysis. The novelty of the discovered leads is best supported by the fact that a search in the patent literature showed the newly discovered subnanomolar compounds to comprise scaffolds not yet covered by existing patents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Grüneberg
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Marburg, Marbacher Weg 6, D-35032 Marburg, Germany
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Kim P, Tsuruda JM, Olmstead MM, Eisenberg S, Kurth MJ. An intramolecular Diels–Alder route to novel tetracyclic benzo[b]thiophene derivatives. Tetrahedron Lett 2002; 43:3963-6. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(02)00565-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Schopfer U, Schoeffter P, Bischoff SF, Nozulak J, Feuerbach D, Floersheim P. Toward selective ERbeta agonists for central nervous system disorders: synthesis and characterization of aryl benzthiophenes. J Med Chem 2002; 45:1399-401. [PMID: 11906280 DOI: 10.1021/jm015577l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In an effort to identify selective ligands for the estrogen receptor subtype ERbeta, a series of aryl benzthiophenes was synthesized. In a radioligand binding assay and reporter gene assays in HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells, compounds were characterized as ERbeta-selective agonists. By targeting ERbeta in the brain, these compounds could lead to drugs able to separate the beneficial effects of estrogens on mood, learning, and memory from side effects such as the stimulation of endometrial and breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- U F Mansoor
- Krebs Institute, Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK
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