1
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Eliasof A, Liu-Chen LY, Li Y. Peptide-derived ligands for the discovery of safer opioid analgesics. Drug Discov Today 2024; 29:103950. [PMID: 38514040 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2024.103950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Drugs targeting the μ-opioid receptor (MOR) remain the most efficacious analgesics for the treatment of pain, but activation of MOR with current opioid analgesics also produces harmful side effects, notably physical dependence, addiction, and respiratory depression. Opioid peptides have been accepted as promising candidates for the development of safer and more efficacious analgesics. To develop peptide-based opioid analgesics, strategies such as modification of endogenous opioid peptides, development of multifunctional opioid peptides, G protein-biased opioid peptides, and peripherally restricted opioid peptides have been reported. This review seeks to provide an overview of the opioid peptides that produce potent antinociception with much reduced side effects in animal models and highlight the potential advantages of peptides as safer opioid analgesics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abbe Eliasof
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA
| | - Lee-Yuan Liu-Chen
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yangmei Li
- College of Pharmacy, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
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2
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Lee YS. Peptidomimetics and Their Applications for Opioid Peptide Drug Discovery. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12091241. [PMID: 36139079 PMCID: PMC9496382 DOI: 10.3390/biom12091241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 08/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite various advantages, opioid peptides have been limited in their therapeutic uses due to the main drawbacks in metabolic stability, blood-brain barrier permeability, and bioavailability. Therefore, extensive studies have focused on overcoming the problems and optimizing the therapeutic potential. Currently, numerous peptide-based drugs are being marketed thanks to new synthetic strategies for optimizing metabolism and alternative routes of administration. This tutorial review briefly introduces the history and role of natural opioid peptides and highlights the key findings on their structure-activity relationships for the opioid receptors. It discusses details on opioid peptidomimetics applied to develop therapeutic candidates for the treatment of pain from the pharmacological and structural points of view. The main focus is the current status of various mimetic tools and the successful applications summarized in tables and figures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85724, USA
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3
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Fang W, Murray TF, Aldrich JV. Analogs of the κ opioid receptor antagonist arodyn cyclized by ring-closing metathesis retain κ opioid receptor affinity, selectivity and κ opioid receptor antagonism. Med Chem Res 2021; 30:1397-407. [DOI: 10.1007/s00044-021-02758-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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4
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Stefanucci A, Lei W, Pieretti S, Novellino E, Dimmito MP, Marzoli F, Streicher JM, Mollica A. On resin click-chemistry-mediated synthesis of novel enkephalin analogues with potent anti-nociceptive activity. Sci Rep 2019; 9:5771. [PMID: 30962495 PMCID: PMC6453917 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-42289-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/20/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, we report the chemical synthesis of two DPDPE analogues 7a (NOVA1) and 7b (NOVA2). This entailed the solid-phase synthesis of two enkephalin precursor chains followed by a CuI-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition, with the aim of improving in vivo analgesic efficacy versus DPDPE. NOVA2 showed good affinity and selectivity for the μ-opioid receptor (KI of 59.2 nM, EC50 of 12.9 nM, EMax of 87.3%), and long lasting anti-nociceptive effects in mice when compared to DPDPE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Wei Lei
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Napoli "Federico II", Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Naples, Italy
| | - Marilisa Pia Dimmito
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesca Marzoli
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale Ricerca e Valutazione Preclinica e Clinica dei farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - John M Streicher
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, USA
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100, Chieti, Italy.
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5
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Jumde VR, Mondal M, Gierse RM, Unver MY, Magari F, van Lier RCW, Heine A, Klebe G, Hirsch AKH. Design and Synthesis of Bioisosteres of Acylhydrazones as Stable Inhibitors of the Aspartic Protease Endothiapepsin. ChemMedChem 2018; 13:2266-2270. [PMID: 30178575 PMCID: PMC6282583 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201800446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Acylhydrazone‐based dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is a powerful strategy for the rapid identification of novel hits. Even though acylhydrazones are important structural motifs in medicinal chemistry, their further progression in development may be hampered by major instability and potential toxicity under physiological conditions. It is therefore of paramount importance to identify stable replacements for acylhydrazone linkers. Herein, we present the first report on the design and synthesis of stable bioisosteres of acylhydrazone‐based inhibitors of the aspartic protease endothiapepsin as a follow‐up to a DCC study. The most successful bioisostere is equipotent, bears an amide linker, and we confirmed its binding mode by X‐ray crystallography. Having some validated bioisosteres of acylhydrazones readily available might accelerate hit‐to‐lead optimization in future acylhydrazone‐based DCC projects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Varsha R Jumde
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Milon Mondal
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Robin M Gierse
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - M Yagiz Unver
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Francesca Magari
- Drug Design Group AG Klebe, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Roos C W van Lier
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Heine
- Drug Design Group AG Klebe, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Gerhard Klebe
- Drug Design Group AG Klebe, Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Marbacher Weg 6, 35032, Marburg, Germany
| | - Anna K H Hirsch
- Chemical Biology, Stratingh Institute for Chemistry, University of Groningen, Nijenborgh 7, 9747, AG, Groningen, The Netherlands.,Helmholtz Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS)-Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research (HZI), Department of Drug Design and Optimization (DDOP), Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Campus Building E8.1, 66123, Saarbrücken, Germany
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6
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Fang WJ, Murray TF, Aldrich JV. Design, synthesis, and opioid activity of arodyn analogs cyclized by ring-closing metathesis involving Tyr(allyl). Bioorg Med Chem 2017; 26:1157-1161. [PMID: 29273415 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2017.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2017] [Revised: 11/14/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Kappa (κ) opioid receptor selective antagonists are useful pharmacological tools in studying κ opioid receptors and have potential to be used as therapeutic agents for the treatment of a variety of diseases including mood disorders and drug addiction. Arodyn (Ac[Phe1-3,Arg4,d-Ala8]Dyn A-(1-11)NH2) is a linear acetylated dynorphin A (Dyn A) analog that is a potent and selective κ opioid receptor antagonist (Bennett et al. J Med Chem 2002;45:5617-5619) and prevents stress-induced reinstatement of cocaine-seeking behavior following central administration (Carey et al. Eur J Pharmacol 2007;569:84-89). To restrict its conformational mobility, explore possible bioactive conformations and potentially increase its metabolic stability we synthesized cyclic arodyn analogs on solid phase utilizing a novel ring-closing metathesis (RCM) reaction involving allyl-protected Tyr (Tyr(All)) residues. This approach preserves the aromatic functionality and directly constrains the side chains of one or more of the Phe residues. The novel cyclic arodyn analog 4 cyclized between Tyr(All) residues incorporated in positions 2 and 3 exhibited potent κ opioid receptor antagonism in the [35S]GTPγS assay (KB = 3.2 nM) similar to arodyn. Analog 3 cyclized between Tyr(All) residues in positions 1 and 2 also exhibited nanomolar κ opioid receptor antagonist potency (KB = 27.5 nM) in this assay. These are the first opioid peptides cyclized via RCM involving aromatic residues, and given their promising pharmacological activity represent novel lead peptides for further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA
| | - Thomas F Murray
- Department of Pharmacology, Creighton University, Omaha, NE 68178, USA
| | - Jane V Aldrich
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Kansas, Lawrence, KS 66045, USA; Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA.
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7
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Xu C, Shen X, Hoveyda AH. In Situ Methylene Capping: A General Strategy for Efficient Stereoretentive Catalytic Olefin Metathesis. The Concept, Methodological Implications, and Applications to Synthesis of Biologically Active Compounds. J Am Chem Soc 2017; 139:10919-10928. [PMID: 28749659 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b06552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In situ methylene capping is introduced as a practical and broadly applicable strategy that can expand the scope of catalyst-controlled stereoselective olefin metathesis considerably. By incorporation of commercially available Z-butene together with robust and readily accessible Ru-based dithiolate catalysts developed in these laboratories, a large variety of transformations can be made to proceed with terminal alkenes, without the need for a priori synthesis of a stereochemically defined disubstituted olefin. Reactions thus proceed with significantly higher efficiency and Z selectivity as compared to when other Ru-, Mo-, or W-based complexes are utilized. Cross-metathesis with olefins that contain a carboxylic acid, an aldehyde, an allylic alcohol, an aryl olefin, an α substituent, or amino acid residues was carried out to generate the desired products in 47-88% yield and 90:10 to >98:2 Z:E selectivity. Transformations were equally efficient and stereoselective with a ∼70:30 Z-:E-butene mixture, which is a byproduct of crude oil cracking. The in situ methylene capping strategy was used with the same Ru catechothiolate complex (no catalyst modification necessary) to perform ring-closing metathesis reactions, generating 14- to 21-membered ring macrocyclic alkenes in 40-70% yield and 96:4-98:2 Z:E selectivity; here too, reactions were more efficient and Z-selective than when the other catalyst classes are employed. The utility of the approach is highlighted by applications to efficient and stereoselective syntheses of several biologically active molecules. This includes a platelet aggregate inhibitor and two members of the prostaglandin family of compounds by catalytic cross-metathesis reactions, and a strained 14-membered ring stapled peptide by means of macrocyclic ring-closing metathesis. The approach presented herein is likely to have a notable effect on broadening the scope of olefin metathesis, as the stability of methylidene complexes is a generally debilitating issue with all types of catalyst systems. Illustrative examples of kinetically controlled E-selective cross-metathesis and macrocyclic ring-closing reactions, where E-butene serves as the methylene capping agent, are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chaofan Xu
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Xiao Shen
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
| | - Amir H Hoveyda
- Department of Chemistry, Merkert Chemistry Center, Boston College , Chestnut Hill, Massachusetts 02467, United States
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8
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Stefanucci A, Lei W, Hruby VJ, Macedonio G, Luisi G, Carradori S, Streicher JM, Mollica A. Fluorescent-labeled bioconjugates of the opioid peptides biphalin and DPDPE incorporating fluorescein–maleimide linkers. Future Med Chem 2017; 9:859-69. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2016-0232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Aim: The conjugation of fluorescent labels to opioid peptides is an extremely challenging task, which needs to be overcome to create new classes of probes for biological assays. Materials & methods: Three opioid peptide analogs of biphalin and [D-Pen2,5]-Enkephalin (DPDPE) containing a fluorescein–maleimide motif were synthesized. Results & discussion: The biphalin analog 17 binds to opioid receptors with Ki μ = 530 ± 90 nM and Ki δ = 69.8 ± 16.4 nM. We then tested the ability of the compounds to stimulate G-protein-coupling, 17 activated μ-receptor expressing cells (EC50 = 16.7 ± 6.7 nM, EMax = 76 ± 4%) as well as δ-receptor expressing cells (EC50 = 42 ± 10 nM, EMax = 34 ± 8%). However, 17 was not able to fluorescently label receptor in live or fixed cells. Conclusion: Our data suggest that the biphalin scaffold could be employed to develop fluorescent ligands with the appropriate fluorescent motif, and suggest a means for further probe development.
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9
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Stefanucci A, Novellino E, Mirzaie S, Macedonio G, Pieretti S, Minosi P, Szűcs E, Erdei AI, Zádor F, Benyhe S, Mollica A. Opioid Receptor Activity and Analgesic Potency of DPDPE Peptide Analogues Containing a Xylene Bridge. ACS Med Chem Lett 2017; 8:449-454. [PMID: 28435535 DOI: 10.1021/acsmedchemlett.7b00044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 03/14/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
d-Pen2,d-Pen5 enkephalin (DPDPE) is one of the most selective synthetic peptide agonists targeting the δ-opioid receptor. Three cyclic analogues of DPDPE containing a xylene bridge in place of disulfide bond have been synthesized and fully characterized as opioid receptors agonists. The in vitro activity was investigated showing a good affinity of 7a-c for μ- and δ-receptors. In vivo biological assays revealed that 7b is the most potent analogue with the ability to maintain high level of analgesia from 15 to 60 min following intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) administration, whereas DPDPE was slightly active until 45 min. Compound 7b induced long lasting analgesia also after subcutaneous administration, whereas DPDPE was inactive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Sako Mirzaie
- Department
of Biochemistry, Sanandaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Giorgia Macedonio
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale
per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica dei Farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Minosi
- Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Centro Nazionale
per la Ricerca e la Valutazione Preclinica dei Farmaci, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Edina Szűcs
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Anna I. Erdei
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zádor
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Temesvári krt. 62, H-6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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10
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Kwon SH, Jeong WJ, Choi JS, Han S, Lim YB. Nanomorphological Diversity of Self-Assembled Cyclopeptisomes Investigated via Thermodynamic and Kinetic Controls. Macromolecules 2016. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.macromol.6b01603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Soo hyun Kwon
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Woo-jin Jeong
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jun Shik Choi
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Sanghun Han
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Yong-beom Lim
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Yonsei University, Seoul 03722, Korea
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12
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Abstract
For decades the opioid receptors have been an attractive therapeutic target for the treatment of pain. Since the first discovery of enkephalin, approximately a dozen endogenous opioid peptides have been known to produce opioid activity and analgesia, but their therapeutics have been limited mainly due to low blood brain barrier penetration and poor resistance to proteolytic degradation. One versatile approach to overcome these drawbacks is the cyclization of linear peptides to cyclic peptides with constrained topographical structure. Compared to their linear parents, cyclic analogs exhibit better metabolic stability, lower offtarget toxicity, and improved bioavailability. Extensive structure-activity relationship studies have uncovered promising compounds for the treatment of pain as well as further elucidate structural elements required for selective opioid receptor activity. The benefits that come with employing cyclization can be further enhanced through the generation of polycyclic derivatives. Opioid ligands generally have a short peptide chain and thus the realm of polycyclic peptides has yet to be explored. In this review, a brief history of designing ligands for the opioid receptors, including classic linear and cyclic ligands, is discussed along with recent approaches and successes of cyclic peptide ligands for the receptors. Various scaffolds and approaches to improve bioavailability are elaborated and concluded with a discourse towards polycyclic peptides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yeon Sun Lee
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, 1306 E. University, P.O. Box 210041, University of Arizona, Tucson, Arizona 85721, USA.
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13
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Dvoracsko S, Stefanucci A, Novellino E, Mollica A. The design of multitarget ligands for chronic and neuropathic pain. Future Med Chem 2015; 7:2469-83. [PMID: 26652942 DOI: 10.4155/fmc.15.156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Monodrug therapy has been used with success to fight various pathologies. When one medicine fails, co-administration of two or more drugs at the same time may be successfully applied in the treatment of infections, hypertension, HIV and in many other fields. DISCUSSION This approach has some weakness related to the pharmacokinetic of the two different substances administered, side effects, possible drug-drug interaction. Bivalent ligand approach would maintain the strength of the multidrug therapy (synergistic effect, lower doses, and little side effects) and overcome the weakness of a co-administration. CONCLUSION In this review we have described the state-of-the-art of the multitarget approach for the control of pain. Several approaches adopted by different research groups and future perspectives have been discussed.
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14
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Choi SH, Jeong WJ, Choi SJ, Lim YB. Highly efficient and fast pre-activation cyclization of the long peptide: Succinimidyl ester-amine reaction revisited. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2015; 25:5335-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2015.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2015] [Revised: 09/12/2015] [Accepted: 09/15/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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15
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Kotha S, Chinnam AK, Shirbhate ME. Diversity-Oriented Approach to Cyclophanes via Fischer Indolization and Ring-Closing Metathesis: Substrate-Controlled Stereochemical Outcome in RCM. J Org Chem 2015; 80:9141-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.5b01433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sambasivarao Kotha
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, India
| | - Ajay Kumar Chinnam
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, India
| | - Mukesh E. Shirbhate
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology-Bombay, Powai, India
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16
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Mollica A, Stefanucci A, Costante R, Hruby VJ. Rational Approach to the Design of Bioactive Peptidomimetics: Recent Developments in Opioid Agonist Peptides. Studies in Natural Products Chemistry 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-444-63462-7.00002-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
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17
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Abstract
This chapter summarizes some highlights of macrocyclic drug discovery in the area of GPCRs, integrins, and protein–protein interactions spanning roughly the last 30 years. Several examples demonstrate that incorporation of pharmacophores derived from natural peptide ligands into the context of a constrained macrocycle (“lock of the bioactive conformation”) has proven a powerful approach for the discovery of potent and selective macrocyclic drugs. In addition, it will be shown that macrocycles, due to their semi-rigid nature, can exhibit unique properties that can be beneficially exploited by medicinal chemists. Macrocycles can adapt their conformation during binding to a flexible protein target surface (“induced fit”), and due to their size, can interact with larger protein interfaces (“hot spots”). Also, macrocycles can display favorable ADME properties well beyond the rule of 5 in particular exhibiting favorable cell penetrating properties and oral bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Ermert
- Polyphor Ltd Hegenheimermattweg 125 CH-4123 Allschwil Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Moehle
- University of Zurich Winterthurerstrasse 190 CH-8057 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Daniel Obrecht
- Polyphor Ltd Hegenheimermattweg 125 CH-4123 Allschwil Switzerland
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18
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Mollica A, Costante R, Stefanucci A, Novellino E. Cyclotides: a natural combinatorial peptide library or a bioactive sequence player? J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2014; 30:575-80. [PMID: 25244541 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2014.954108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this perspective review, we focalized our attention on the application of cyclotides in drug discovery. To date, two principal approaches have been explored since now: (i) the use of cyclotides as scaffold in which bioactive peptides can be grafted to improve stability, oral bioactivity and binding to GPCRs; (ii) their application as natural peptides library. For these reasons, cyclotides probably represent today a step further in the development of new tools in drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio" , Chieti , Italy
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19
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Mollica A, Carotenuto A, Novellino E, Limatola A, Costante R, Pinnen F, Stefanucci A, Pieretti S, Borsodi A, Samavati R, Zador F, Benyhe S, Davis P, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Novel cyclic biphalin analogue with improved antinociceptive properties. ACS Med Chem Lett 2014; 5:1032-6. [PMID: 25221662 DOI: 10.1021/ml500241n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2014] [Accepted: 07/14/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel opioid analogues have been designed by substituting the native d-Ala residues in position 2,2' of biphalin with two residues of d-penicillamine or l-penicillamine and by forming a disulfide bond between the thiol groups. The so-obtained compound 9 containing d-penicillamines showed excellent μ/δ mixed receptor affinities (K i (δ) = 5.2 nM; K i (μ) = 1.9 nM), together with an efficacious capacity to trigger the second messenger and a very good in vivo antinociceptive activity, whereas product 10 was scarcely active. An explanation of the two different pharmacological behaviors of products 9 and 10 was found by studying their conformational properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Alfonso Carotenuto
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Ettore Novellino
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Antonio Limatola
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Napoli “Federico II”, Via D. Montesano, 49, 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Roberto Costante
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinnen
- Dipartimento
di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d’Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini, 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento
di Chimica, Sapienza, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro,
5, 00187 Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Pieretti
- Department
of Therapeutic Research and Medicine Evaluation, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, V.le Regina Elena 299, 00161 Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Borsodi
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Reza Samavati
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ferenc Zador
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Sándor Benyhe
- Institute
of Biochemistry, Biological Research Centre, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 6726 Szeged, Hungary
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20
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Touati-Jallabe Y, Bojnik E, Legrand B, Mauchauffée E, Chung NN, Schiller PW, Benyhe S, Averlant-Petit MC, Martinez J, Hernandez JF. Cyclic enkephalins with a diversely substituted guanidine bridge or a thiourea bridge: synthesis, biological and structural evaluations. J Med Chem 2013; 56:5964-5973. [PMID: 23822516 DOI: 10.1021/jm4008592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Two series of 22 and 15 atom cyclic enkephalins incorporating a diversely substituted guanidine bridge have been prepared to assess the potential effect of the bridge substitutions on their opioid activity profile. The most notable results were obtained with the shortest cyclic analogues, which showed a significant variation of their binding affinity toward μ and δ opioid receptors in relation to bridge substitution. NMR studies were performed to rationalize these data. Some small analogues were found to exist as at least one major and one minor stable forms, which could be separated by chromatography. In particular, the compounds 13 and 14 with a cyclic substituent were separated in three isomers and the basis of this multiplicity was explored by 2D NMR spectroscopy. All compounds were agonists with slight selectivity for the μ opioid receptor. Compounds 7a (thiourea bridge) and 10a (N-Me-guanidine bridge) showed nanomolar affinity toward μ receptor, the latter being the more selective for this receptor (40-fold).
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Affiliation(s)
- Youness Touati-Jallabe
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Engin Bojnik
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, POB 521, H-6702 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Baptiste Legrand
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 7568, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Elodie Mauchauffée
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Nga N Chung
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada
| | - Peter W Schiller
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, 110 Pine Avenue West, Montreal, Quebec H2W 1R7, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec H3C 3J7, Canada
| | - Sandor Benyhe
- Biological Research Center, Institute of Biochemistry, POB 521, H-6702 Szeged, Hungary
| | - Marie-Christine Averlant-Petit
- Laboratoire de Chimie Physique Macromoléculaire, CNRS UMR 7568, Université de Lorraine, 1 rue Grandville, 54001 Nancy Cedex, France
| | - Jean Martinez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
| | - Jean-Franćois Hernandez
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron, CNRS UMR 5247, Université Montpellier 1, Université Montpellier 2, Faculté de Pharmacie, 15 Avenue Charles Flahault, 34093 Montpellier cedex 05, France
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21
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Mollica A, Pinnen F, Costante R, Locatelli M, Stefanucci A, Pieretti S, Davis P, Lai J, Rankin D, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. Biological active analogues of the opioid peptide biphalin: mixed α/β(3)-peptides. J Med Chem 2013; 56:3419-23. [PMID: 23547584 DOI: 10.1021/jm301456c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Natural residues of the dimeric opioid peptide Biphalin were replaced by the corresponding homo-β(3) amino acids. The derivative 1 containing hβ(3) Phe in place of Phe showed good μ- and δ-receptor affinities (Ki(δ) = 0.72 nM; Ki(μ) = 1.1 nM) and antinociceptive activity in vivo together with an increased enzymatic stability in human plasma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Farmacia, Università di Chieti-Pescara "G. d'Annunzio", Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
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22
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Abstract
An innovative macrocyclization approach via high-yielding solid-phase intramolecular thioalkylation reaction is described. The reaction of S-nucleophiles with newly generated N-terminal 4-chloromethyl thiazoles leads to the desired cyclic products in high purities and good yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, Port St. Lucie, FL, USA
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23
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Mollica A, Pinnen F, Stefanucci A, Mannina L, Sobolev AP, Lucente G, Davis P, Lai J, Ma SW, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. cis-4-Amino-l-proline Residue As a Scaffold for the Synthesis of Cyclic and Linear Endomorphin-2 Analogues: Part 2. J Med Chem 2012; 55:8477-82. [DOI: 10.1021/jm300947s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d′Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini
31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Francesco Pinnen
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d′Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini
31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Azzurra Stefanucci
- Dipartimento
di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara “G. d′Annunzio”, Via dei Vestini
31, 66100 Chieti, Italy
| | - Luisa Mannina
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Rome,
Italy
- Laboratorio di Risonanza
Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015
Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Anatoly P. Sobolev
- Laboratorio di Risonanza
Magnetica “Annalaura Segre”, Istituto di Metodologie Chimiche, CNR, Via Salaria Km 29.300, 00015
Monterotondo, Rome, Italy
| | - Gino Lucente
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco e Istituto di Chimica
Biomolecolare, CNR Sezione di Roma, “Sapienza”, Università di Roma, P.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma,
Italy
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24
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona, Tucson , Arizona , USA
| | - Sukeshi J. Mehta
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona, Tucson , Arizona , USA
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- a Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Arizona, Tucson , Arizona , USA
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25
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Mollica A, Pinnen F, Stefanucci A, Feliciani F, Campestre C, Mannina L, Sobolev AP, Lucente G, Davis P, Lai J, Ma SW, Porreca F, Hruby VJ. The cis-4-amino-L-proline residue as a scaffold for the synthesis of cyclic and linear endomorphin-2 analogues. J Med Chem 2012; 55:3027-35. [PMID: 22394120 DOI: 10.1021/jm201402v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Endomorphin-2 (EM-2: Tyr-Pro-Phe-Phe-NH(2)) is an endogenous tetrapeptide that combines potency and efficacy with high affinity and selectivity toward the μ opioid receptor, the most responsible for analgesic effects in the central nervous system. The presence of the Pro(2) represents a crucial factor for the ligand structural and conformational properties. Proline is in fact an efficient stereochemical spacer, capable of inducing favorable spatial orientation of aromatic rings, a key factor for ligand recognition and interaction with receptors. Here the Pro(2) has been replaced by 4(S)-NH(2)-2(S)-proline (cAmp), a proline/GABA cis-chimera residue. This bivalent amino acid maintains the capacity to influenc the tetrapeptide conformation and offers the opportunity to generate new linear models and unusually constrained cyclic analogues characterized by an N-terminal Tyr bearing a free α-amino group. The results indicate that the new analogues do not show affinity for both δ and κ opioid receptors and bind only poorly to the μ receptors (for cyclopeptide 9: K(i)(μ) = 660 nM; GPI (IC(50)) = 1.4% at 1 μM; for linear tetrapeptide acid 13: K(i)(μ) = 2000 nM; GPI (IC(50)) = 0% at 1 μM; for linear tetrapeptide amide 15: K(i)(μ) = 310 nM; GPI (IC(50)) = 894 nM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Adriano Mollica
- Dipartimento di Scienze del Farmaco, Università di Chieti-Pescara G. d'Annunzio, Via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti, Italy.
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26
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Liu Z, Mehta SJ, Lee KS, Grossman B, Qu H, Gu X, Nichol GS, Hruby VJ. Thio-Claisen Rearrangement Used in Preparing Anti-β-Functionalized γ,δ-Unsaturated Amino Acids: Scope and Limitations. J Org Chem 2012; 77:1289-300. [DOI: 10.1021/jo201753q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Liu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Sukeshi J. Mehta
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Kwang-Soo Lee
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Bryan Grossman
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Xuyuan Gu
- Small Molecule Pharmaceuticals, Nektar Therapeutics, 490 Discovery Drive, Huntsville,
Alabama 35758, United States
| | - Gary S. Nichol
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry and
Biochemistry, University of Arizona, 1306
East University Boulevard, Tucson, Arizona 85721, United States
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27
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Liskamp RMJ, Rijkers DTS, Kruijtzer JAW, Kemmink J. Peptides and proteins as a continuing exciting source of inspiration for peptidomimetics. Chembiochem 2011; 12:1626-53. [PMID: 21751324 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.201000717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2010] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Despite their enormous diversity in biological function and structure, peptides and proteins are endowed with properties that have induced and stimulated the development of peptidomimetics. Clearly, peptides can be considered as the "stem" of a phylogenetic molecular development tree from which branches of oligomeric peptidomimetics such as peptoids, peptidosulfonamides, urea peptidomimetics, as well as β-peptides have sprouted. It is still a challenge to efficiently synthesize these oligomeric species, and study their structural and biological properties. Combining peptides and peptidomimetics led to the emergence of peptide-peptidomimetic hybrids in which one or more (proteinogenic) amino acid residues have been replaced with these mimetic residues. In scan-like approaches, the influence of these replacements on biological activity can then be studied, to evaluate to what extent a peptide can be transformed into a peptidomimetic structure while maintaining, or even improving, its biological properties. A central issue, especially with the smaller peptides, is the lack of secondary structure. Important approaches to control secondary structure include the introduction of α,α-disubstituted amino acids, or (di)peptidomimetic structures such as the Freidinger lactam. Apart from intra-amino acid constraints, inter-amino acid constraints for formation of a diversity of cyclic peptides have shaped a thick branch. Apart from the classical disulfide bridges, the repertoire has been extended to include sulfide and triazole bridges as well as the single-, double- and even triple-bond replacements, accessible by the extremely versatile ring-closing alkene/alkyne metathesis approaches. The latter approach is now the method of choice for the secondary structure that presents the greatest challenge for structural stabilization: the α-helix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rob M J Liskamp
- Medicinal Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 80082, 3508 TB Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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28
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Nefzi A, Arutyunyan S, Fenwick JE. Two-Steps Hantzsch Based Macrocyclization Approach for the Synthesis of Thiazole Containing Cyclopeptides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7939-7941. [PMID: 21113437 PMCID: PMC2989683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Macrocyclization via an efficient high-yielding solid-phase intramolecular thioalkylation reaction is described. The reaction of S-nucleophiles with newly generated N-terminal 4-chloromethyl thiazoles led to the desired macrocyclization products 5 in high purities and good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Sergey Arutyunyan
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987
| | - Jason E. Fenwick
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, FL 34987
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29
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Nefzi A, Arutyunyan S, Fenwick JE. Two-step Hantzsch based macrocyclization approach for the synthesis of thiazole-containing cyclopeptides. J Org Chem 2010; 75:7939-41. [PMID: 21033717 DOI: 10.1021/jo1016822] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Macrocyclization via an efficient high-yielding solid-phase intramolecular thioalkylation reaction is described. The reaction of S-nucleophiles with newly generated N-terminal 4-chloromethyl thiazoles led to the desired macrocyclization products 5 in high purities and good overall yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adel Nefzi
- Torrey Pines Institute for Molecular Studies, 11350 SW Village Parkway, Port Saint Lucie, Florida 34987, United States
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30
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Jacobsen Ø, Klaveness J, Rongved P. Structural and pharmacological effects of ring-closing metathesis in peptides. Molecules 2010; 15:6638-77. [PMID: 20877250 PMCID: PMC6257744 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15096638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2010] [Revised: 09/13/2010] [Accepted: 09/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Applications of ring-closing alkene metathesis (RCM) in acyclic α- and β-peptides and closely related systems are reviewed, with a special emphasis on the structural and pharmacological effects of cyclization by RCM.
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31
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Palde PB, Ofori LO, Gareiss PC, Lerea J, Miller BL. Strategies for recognition of stem-loop RNA structures by synthetic ligands: application to the HIV-1 frameshift stimulatory sequence. J Med Chem 2010; 53:6018-27. [PMID: 20672840 DOI: 10.1021/jm100231t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Production of the Gag-Pol polyprotein in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) requires a -1 ribosomal frameshift, which is directed by a highly conserved RNA stem-loop. Building on our discovery of a set of disulfide-containing peptides that bind this RNA, we describe medicinal chemistry efforts designed to begin to understand the structure-activity relationships and RNA sequence-selectivity relationships associated with these compounds. Additionally, we have prepared analogues incorporating an olefin or saturated hydrocarbon bioisostere of the disulfide moiety, as a first step toward enhancing biostability. The olefin-containing compounds exhibit affinity comparable to the lead disulfide and, importantly, have no discernible toxicity when incubated with human fibroblasts at concentrations up to 1 mM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakash B Palde
- Department of Dermatology, University of Rochester, Rochester, NY 14642, USA
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32
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Pérez de Vega MJ, García-Aranda MI, González-Muñiz R. A role for ring-closing metathesis in medicinal chemistry: Mimicking secondary architectures in bioactive peptides. Med Res Rev 2010; 31:677-715. [DOI: 10.1002/med.20199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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33
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Islam NM, Kato T, Nishino N, Kim HJ, Ito A, Yoshida M. Bicyclic peptides as potent inhibitors of histone deacetylases: optimization of alkyl loop length. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 20:997-9. [PMID: 20045316 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.12.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2009] [Revised: 12/08/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Bicyclic tetrapeptide hydroxamic acids were prepared as histone deacetylase (HDAC) inhibitors, and the evaluated inhibitory activity shows that they are potent against HDAC1 and HDAC4. The in vivo activity depends on alkyl loop length.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nurul M Islam
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan
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34
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Fang WJ, Cui Y, Murray TF, Aldrich JV. Design, synthesis, and pharmacological activities of dynorphin A analogues cyclized by ring-closing metathesis. J Med Chem 2009; 52:5619-25. [PMID: 19715279 DOI: 10.1021/jm900577k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Dynorphin A (Dyn A) is an endogenous ligand for kappa opioid receptors. To restrict the conformational mobility, we synthesized several cyclic Dyn A-(1-11)NH(2) analogues on solid phase utilizing ring-closing metathesis (RCM) between the side chains of allylglycine (AllGly) residues incorporated in positions 2, 5, and/or 8. Cyclizations between the side chains of AllGly gave reasonable yields (56-74%) of all of the desired cyclic peptides. Both the cis and trans isomers were obtained for all of the cyclic peptides, with the ratio of cis to trans isomers depending on the position and stereochemistry of the AllGly. Most of the cyclic Dyn A-(1-11)NH(2) analogues examined exhibit low nanomolar binding affinity for kappa opioid receptors (K(i) = 0.84-11 nM). In two of the three cases, the configuration of the double bond has a significant influence on the opioid receptor affinities and agonist potency. All of the peptides inhibited adenylyl cyclase activity in a concentration-dependent manner with full or close to full agonist activity. These potent Dyn A analogues are the first ones cyclized by RCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Jie Fang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, The University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas 66045, USA
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35
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Gracia SR, Gaus K, Sewald N. Synthesis of chemically modified bioactive peptides: recent advances, challenges and developments for medicinal chemistry. Future Med Chem 2009; 1:1289-310. [DOI: 10.4155/fmc.09.97] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Although not complying with Lipinski’s rule, peptides are to an increasing extent being developed into new active pharmaceutical ingredients. This is mainly due to novel application routes, formulations and chemical modifications, which confer on the peptides improved uptake and increased metabolic stability. A brief survey of currently approved peptide drugs and the present scope of the application of peptides as drugs is provided. Cyclic peptides are emerging as an interesting class of peptides with conformational rigidity and homogeneity, high receptor affinity and selectivity, increased metabolic stability and – in special cases – even oral availability. Challenges and new methodology for the synthesis of cyclic peptides are outlined and an overview of approaches toward the design of peptide conformation and peptide modification by nonproteinogenic building blocks is given.
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36
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Sinisi R, Ghilardi A, Ruiu S, Lazzari P, Malpezzi L, Sani M, Pani L, Zanda M. Synthesis and in vitro Evaluation of Trifluoroethylamine Analogues of Enkephalins. ChemMedChem 2009; 4:1416-20. [DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.200900158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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37
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Berezowska I, Lemieux C, Chung NN, Wilkes BC, Schiller PW. Cyclic opioid peptide agonists and antagonists obtained via ring-closing metathesis. Chem Biol Drug Des 2009; 74:329-34. [PMID: 19694755 DOI: 10.1111/j.1747-0285.2009.00867.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The opioid peptide H-Tyr-c[D-Cys-Phe-Phe-Cys]NH(2) cyclized via a methylene dithiother is a potent and selective mu opioid agonist (Przydial M.J. et al., J Peptide Res, 66, 2005, 255). Dicarba analogues of this peptide with Tyr, 2',6'-dimethyltyrosine (Dmt), 3-[2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid (Dhp) or (2S)-2-methyl-3-(2,6-dimethyl-4-hydroxyphenyl)propanoic acid [(2S)-Mdp] in the 1-position were prepared. The peptides were synthesized on solid-phase by substituting d-allylglycine and (2S)-2-amino-5-hexenoic acid in position 2 and 5, respectively, followed by ring-closing metathesis. Mixtures of cis and trans isomers of the resulting olefinic peptides were obtained, and catalytic hydrogenation yielded the saturated -CH(2)-CH(2)- bridged peptides. All six Tyr(1)- and Dmt(1)-dicarba analogues retained high mu and delta opioid agonist potency and showed only slight or no preference for mu over delta receptors. As expected, the six Dhp(1)- and (2S)-Mdp(1)-dicarba analogues turned out to be mu opioid antagonists but, surprisingly, displayed a range of different efficacies (agonism, partial agonism or antagonism) at the delta receptor. The obtained results indicate that the mu versus delta receptor selectivity and the efficacy at the delta receptor of these cyclic peptides depend on distinct conformational characteristics of the 15-membered peptide ring structure, which may affect the spatial positioning of the exocyclic residue and of the Phe(3) and Phe(4) side chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irena Berezowska
- Laboratory of Chemical Biology and Peptide Research, Clinical Research Institute of Montreal, Montreal, QC, Canada H2W 1R7
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Abstract
This paper is the thirtieth consecutive installment of the annual review of research concerning the endogenous opioid system. It summarizes papers published during 2007 that studied the behavioral effects of molecular, pharmacological and genetic manipulation of opioid peptides, opioid receptors, opioid agonists and opioid antagonists. The particular topics that continue to be covered include the molecular-biochemical effects and neurochemical localization studies of endogenous opioids and their receptors related to behavior, and the roles of these opioid peptides and receptors in pain and analgesia; stress and social status; tolerance and dependence; learning and memory; eating and drinking; alcohol and drugs of abuse; sexual activity and hormones, pregnancy, development and endocrinology; mental illness and mood; seizures and neurologic disorders; electrical-related activity and neurophysiology; general activity and locomotion; gastrointestinal, renal and hepatic functions; cardiovascular responses; respiration and thermoregulation; and immunological responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Bodnar
- Department of Psychology and Neuropsychology Doctoral Sub-Program, Queens College, City University of New York, 65-30 Kissena Blvd.,Flushing, NY 11367, United States.
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Abstract
The demand for modified peptides with improved stability profiles and pharmacokinetic properties is driving extensive research effort in this field. Many structural modifications of peptides guided by rational design and molecular modeling have been established to develop novel synthetic approaches. Recent advances in the synthesis of conformationally restricted building blocks and peptide bond isosteres are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josef Vagner
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Bio5 Institute, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Hongchang Qu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
| | - Victor J. Hruby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, 85721, USA
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Lawrence J, Jourdan M, Vallée Y, Blandin V. Peptide cyclization via ring-closing metathesis: the N-alkenoxy peptide approach. Org Biomol Chem 2008; 6:4575-81. [DOI: 10.1039/b812611a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Nishino N, Shivashimpi GM, Soni PB, Bhuiyan MPI, Kato T, Maeda S, Nishino TG, Yoshida M. Interaction of aliphatic cap group in inhibition of histone deacetylases by cyclic tetrapeptides. Bioorg Med Chem 2008; 16:437-45. [PMID: 17900911 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2007] [Revised: 09/11/2007] [Accepted: 09/12/2007] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDACs) are a promising class of anticancer agents that effect gene regulation. To know the interaction of aliphatic cap groups with HDACs, cyclic tetrapeptide and bicyclic peptide disulfide hybrids were synthesized without aromatic ring in their macrocyclic framework. Benzene ring of l-Phe in chlamydocin was replaced with several aliphatic amino acids and also a fused bicyclic tetrapeptide was synthesized by ring closing metathesis using Grubb's first generation catalyst. The inhibitory activities of the cyclic peptides against histone deacetylase enzymes were evaluated, which demonstrated most of them are interesting candidates as anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norikazu Nishino
- Graduate School of Life Science and Systems Engineering, Kyushu Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu 808-0196, Japan.
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