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Hu Y, Stevens DM, Man S, Crist RM, Clogston JD. Total drug quantification in prodrugs using an automated elemental analyzer. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2019; 9:1057-66. [DOI: 10.1007/s13346-019-00649-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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2
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Liu Y, Liu J, Zhang J, Li X, Lin F, Zhou N, Yang B, Lu L. Noninvasive Brain Tumor Imaging Using Red Emissive Carbonized Polymer Dots across the Blood-Brain Barrier. ACS Omega 2018; 3:7888-7896. [PMID: 30087926 PMCID: PMC6072250 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.8b01169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection is recognized as a mainstay in the therapy of malignant brain tumors. In clinical practice, however, surgeons face great challenges in identifying the tumor boundaries due to the infiltrating and heterogeneous nature of neoplastic tissues. Contrast-enhanced magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is extensively used for defining the brain tumor in clinic. Disappointingly, the commercially available (MR) contrast agents show the transient circulation lifetime and poor blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which seriously hamper their abilities in tumor visualization. In this work, red fluorescent carbonized polymer dots (CPDs) were systematically investigated with respect to their BBB-penetration ability. In summary, CPDs possess long excitation/emission wavelengths, low toxicity, high photostability, and excellent biocompatibility. CPDs exhibit high internalization in glioma cells in time- and dose-dependent procedures, and internalized CPDs locate mainly in endolysosomal structures. In vitro and in vivo studies confirmed the BBB permeability of CPDs, contributing to the early stage diagnosis of brain disorders and the noninvasive visualization of the brain tumor without compromised BBB. Furthermore, owing to the high tumor to normal tissue ratio of CPDs under ex vivo conditions, our nanoprobe holds the promise to guide brain-tumor resection by real-time fluorescence imaging during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Hand
Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Junjun Liu
- State Key
Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Jiayi Zhang
- Department of Hand
Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Xiucun Li
- Department of Hand
Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Fangsiyu Lin
- Department of Hand
Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
| | - Nan Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics, First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan 450000, China
| | - Bai Yang
- State Key
Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials, College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130012, China
| | - Laijin Lu
- Department of Hand
Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, Jilin 130021, China
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Yan H, Gao X, Zhang Y, Chang W, Li J, Li X, Du Q, Li C. Imaging Tiny Hepatic Tumor Xenografts via Endoglin-Targeted Paramagnetic/Optical Nanoprobe. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2018; 10:17047-17057. [PMID: 29708329 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.8b02648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Surgery is the mainstay for treating hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). However, it is a great challenge for surgeons to identify HCC in its early developmental stage. The diagnostic sensitivity for a tiny HCC with a diameter less than 1.0 cm is usually as low as 10-33% for computed tomography (CT) and 29-43% for magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Although MRI is the preferred imaging modality for detecting HCC, with its unparalleled spatial resolution for soft tissue, the commercially available contrast agent, such as Gd3+-DTPA, cannot accurately define HCC because of its short circulation lifetime and lack of tumor-targeting specificity. Endoglin (CD105), a type I membrane glycoprotein, is highly expressed both in HCC cells and in the endothelial cells of neovasculature, which are abundant at the tumor periphery. In this work, a novel single-stranded DNA oligonucleotide-based aptamer was screened by systematic evolution of ligands in an exponential enrichment assay and showed a high binding affinity ( KD = 98 pmol/L) to endoglin. Conjugating the aptamers and imaging reporters on a G5 dendrimer created an HCC-targeting nanoprobe that allowed the successful visualization of orthotopic HCC xenografts with diameters as small as 1-4 mm. Significantly, the invasive tumor margin was clearly delineated, with a tumor to normal ratio of 2.7 by near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence imaging and 2.1 by T1-weighted MRI. This multimodal nanoprobe holds promise not only for noninvasively defining tiny HCC by preoperative MRI but also for guiding tumor excision via intraoperative NIR fluorescence imaging, which will probably gain benefit for the patient's therapeutic response and improve the survival rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310009 , China
| | - Xihui Gao
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Central Laboratory , Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital South Campus , Shanghai 201499 , China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Metal Matrix Composites , Shanghai Jiao Tong University , Shanghai 200240 , China
| | - Yunfei Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Wenju Chang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital , Fudan University , Shanghai 200032 , China
| | - Jianhui Li
- Ningbo No. 2 Hospital , No. 41 Northwest Street , Ningbo , Zhejiang Province 315010 , China
| | - Xinwei Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
| | - Qin Du
- Department of Gastroenterology, The Second Affiliated Hospital, College of Medicine , Zhejiang University , Hangzhou , Zhejiang Province 310009 , China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy , Fudan University , Shanghai 201203 , China
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Peng X, Li C, Bai Y, Wang X, Zhang Y, An Y, Teng GJ, Ju S. Noninvasive evaluation of the migration effect of transplanted endothelial progenitor cells in ischemic muscle using a multimodal imaging agent. Int J Nanomedicine 2018; 13:1819-1829. [PMID: 29606873 PMCID: PMC5868615 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s152976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in repairing ischemia tissues. However, the survival, migration and therapeutic efficacy of EPCs after transplantation need to be better understood for further cell therapy. Purpose This study investigated the migration effect of EPCs labeled with a multimodal imaging agent in a murine ischemic hindlimb model, using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and optical imaging after transplantation. Methods EPCs derived from mouse bone marrow were labeled with a multimodal imaging agent and were administered through intracardiac delivery to mice with ischemic hindlimbs. The injected EPCs and their migration effect were observed via MRI and optical imaging in vivo, and then compared to a reference standard based on histological data. The quantification of gadolinium in tissue samples was done using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Results Using in vivo MRI and optical imaging, the labeled EPCs were observed to migrate to ischemic muscle on days 3-5 after injection, while ex vivo, the EPCs were observed in the capillary vessels of the injured tissue. There were significant linear correlations between the Gd contents measured using ICP-MS in samples from the ischemic hindlimbs and livers and T1 relaxation times calculated using MRI, as well as the average fluorescence signal intensities recorded in optical images (T1 relaxation time: r=0.491; average signal from optical imaging: r=0.704, P<0.01). EPC treatment upregulated the levels of C-X-C chemokine receptor 4 and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) receptor 2 and enhanced the expression of stromal cell-derived factor-1 and VEGF. Conclusion Transplanted EPCs can be monitored with noninvasive MRI and optical imaging in vivo and were found to enhance the paracrine secretion of angiogenic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingui Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yingying Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing
| | - Xinyi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing
| | - Yi Zhang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing
| | - Yanli An
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School of Southeast University, Nanjing
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Bai YY, Wang L, Peng XG, Wang YC, Chang D, Zheng S, Ding J, Li C, Ju S. Non-invasive monitoring of transplanted endothelial progenitor cells in diabetic ischemic stroke models. Biomaterials 2014; 40:43-50. [PMID: 25433605 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.11.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2014] [Revised: 10/28/2014] [Accepted: 11/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Endogenous endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) are functionally impaired in hyperglycemia through the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. However, the number and function of transplanted exogenous EPCs in diabetic animals remains unclear. The objectives of this study were to establish a non-invasive imaging strategy to monitor the homing of transplanted EPCs in diabetic stroke mice and to assess the effect of RWJ 67657, an inhibitor of p38 MAPK, on the homing ability of exogenous EPCs. Bone marrow-derived EPCs were labeled in vitro with a multi-functional nanoprobe modified with paramagnetic chelators and fluorophores before being infused into stroke mice. The signal of the nanoprobe reached its peak on day 5 in both magnetic resonance imaging and near-infrared fluorescence imaging after EPC transplantation in wild-type stroke models. The signal enhancement of diabetic stroke models was significantly lower than that of wild-type controls. However, the signal intensity of diabetic stroke models significantly increased after oral administration of RWJ 67657, indicating that more transplanted EPCs migrated to the ischemic brain. Furthermore, the increased exogenous EPCs induced remarkably greater angiogenesis after stroke. These results suggest that this dual-modal imaging strategy is feasible for non-invasively monitoring transplanted cells in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying-Ying Bai
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Lishan Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Xin-Gui Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Yuan-Cheng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Di Chang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Shuyan Zheng
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jie Ding
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing 210009, China.
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Wang XY, Ju S, Li C, Peng XG, Chen AF, Mao H, Teng GJ. Non-invasive imaging of endothelial progenitor cells in tumor neovascularization using a novel dual-modality paramagnetic/near-infrared fluorescence probe. PLoS One 2012; 7:e50575. [PMID: 23226317 PMCID: PMC3511537 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0050575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Bone-marrow derived endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs) play an important role in tumor neovasculature. Due to their tumor homing property, EPCs are regarded as promising targeted vectors for delivering therapeutic agents in cancer treatment. Consequently, non-invasive confirmation of targeted delivery via imaging is urgently needed. This study shows the development and application of a novel dual-modality probe for in vivo non-invasively tracking of the migration, homing and differentiation of EPCs. Methods The paramagnetic/near-infrared fluorescence probe Conjugate 1 labeled EPCs were systemically transplanted into mice bearing human breast MDA-MB-231 tumor xenografts. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and near-infrared (NIR) fluorescence optical imaging were performed at different stages of tumor development. The homing of EPCs and the tumor neovascularization were further evaluated by immunofluorescence. Results Conjugate 1 labeled EPCs can be monitored in vivo by MRI and NIR fluorescence optical imaging without altering tumor growth for up to three weeks after the systemic transplantation. Histopathological examination confirmed that EPCs were recruited into the tumor bed and then incorporated into new vessels two weeks after the transplantation. Tumor size and microvessel density was not influenced by EPCs transplantation in the first three weeks. Conclusions This preclinical study shows the feasibility of using a MRI and NIR fluorescence optical imaging detectable probe to non-invasively monitor transplanted EPCs and also provides strong evidence that EPCs are involved in the development of endothelial cells during the tumor neovascularization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yi Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Shenghong Ju
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- * E-mail:
| | - Cong Li
- Key Laboratory of Smart Drug Delivery, Ministry of Education & PLA, School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xin-Gui Peng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Alex F. Chen
- Department of Surgery, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Hui Mao
- Department of Radiology and Imaging Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, Georgia, United States of America
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Molecular and Functional Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Medical School, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Chen Z, Penet MF, Nimmagadda S, Li C, Banerjee SR, Winnard PT, Artemov D, Glunde K, Pomper MG, Bhujwalla ZM. PSMA-targeted theranostic nanoplex for prostate cancer therapy. ACS Nano 2012; 6:7752-7762. [PMID: 22866897 PMCID: PMC4066818 DOI: 10.1021/nn301725w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
Theranostic imaging, where diagnosis is combined with therapy, is particularly suitable for a disease that is as complex as cancer, especially now that genomic and proteomic profiling can provide an extensive "fingerprint" of each tumor. With such information, theranostic agents can be designed to personalize treatment and minimize damage to normal tissue. Here we have developed a nanoplex platform for theranostic imaging of prostate cancer (PCa). In these proof-of-principle studies, a therapeutic nanoplex containing multimodal imaging reporters was targeted to prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), which is expressed on the cell surface of castrate-resistant PCa. The nanoplex was designed to deliver small interfering RNA (siRNA) along with a prodrug enzyme to PSMA-expressing tumors. Each component of the nanoplex was carefully selected to evaluate its diagnostic aspect of PSMA imaging and its therapeutic aspects of siRNA-mediated down-regulation of a target gene and the conversion of a prodrug to cytotoxic drug, using noninvasive multimodality imaging. Studies performed using two variants of human PC3-PCa cells and tumors, one with high PSMA expression level and another with negligible expression levels, demonstrated PSMA-specific uptake. In addition, down-regulation of the selected siRNA target, choline kinase (Chk), and the conversion of the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) were also demonstrated with noninvasive imaging. The nanoplex was well-tolerated and did not induce liver or kidney toxicity or a significant immune response. The nanoplex platform described can be easily modified and applied to different cancers, receptors, and pathways to achieve theranostic imaging, as a single agent or in combination with other treatment modalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihang Chen
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Marie-France Penet
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Sridhar Nimmagadda
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Cong Li
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Sangeeta R Banerjee
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Paul T Winnard
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
| | - Dmitri Artemov
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Kristine Glunde
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Martin G Pomper
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
| | - Zaver M Bhujwalla
- JHU ICMIC Program, Division of Cancer Imaging Research, The Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, United States
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Yata VK, Gopinath P, Ghosh SS. Emerging implications of nonmammalian cytosine deaminases on cancer therapeutics. Appl Biochem Biotechnol 2012; 167:2103-16. [PMID: 22673971 DOI: 10.1007/s12010-012-9746-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 05/15/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
Nonmammalian cytosine deaminases (CDs) have been investigated for last 30 years in the context of cancer therapy. The therapeutic effect of CD is based on its ability to catalyze the conversion of nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5FC) into the anticancer drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) by deamination of the number 4 carbon of 5FC. This deamination property of CD has been explored to develop innovative therapeutic approach for treatment of cancer. A general overview is needed for the identification of efficient cytosine deaminases for potential use in cancer therapy. In this review, we have discussed about nonmammalian CDs for a variety of prodrug gene/enzyme therapy applications with several recent examples. Finally, we have provided a prospective on the future aspects of CDs and their applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar Yata
- Department of Biotechnology, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati-39, Assam, India
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Yan H, Wang L, Wang J, Weng X, Lei H, Wang X, Jiang L, Zhu J, Lu W, Wei X, Li C. Two-order targeted brain tumor imaging by using an optical/paramagnetic nanoprobe across the blood brain barrier. ACS Nano 2012; 6:410-420. [PMID: 22148835 DOI: 10.1021/nn203749v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 140] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Surgical resection is a mainstay of brain tumor treatments. However, the completed excision of malignant brain tumor is challenged by its infiltrative nature. Contrast enhanced magnetic resonance imaging is widely used for defining brain tumor in clinic. However its ability in tumor visualization is hindered by the transient circulation lifetime, nontargeting specificity, and poor blood brain barrier (BBB) permeability of the commercially available MR contrast agents. In this work, we developed a two-order targeted nanoprobe in which MR/optical imaging reporters, tumor vasculature targeted cyclic [RGDyK] peptides, and BBB-permeable Angiopep-2 peptides are labeled on the PAMAM-G5 dendrimer. This nanoprobe is supposed to first target the α(V)β(3) integrin on tumor vasculatures. Increased local concentration of nanoprobe facilitates the association between BBB-permeable peptides and the low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein (LRP) receptors on the vascular endothelial cells, which further accelerates BBB transverse of the nanoprobe via LRP receptor-mediated endocytosis. The nanoprobes that have penetrated the BBB secondly target the brain tumor because both α(V)β(3) integrin and LRP receptor are highly expressed on the tumor cells. In vivo imaging studies demonstrated that this nanoprobe not only efficiently crossed intact BBB in normal mice, but also precisely delineated the boundary of the orthotropic U87MG human glioblastoma xenograft with high target to background signal ratio. Overall, this two-order targeted nanoprobe holds the promise to noninvasively visualize brain tumors with uncompromised BBB and provides the possibility for real-time optical-image-guided brain tumor resection during surgery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huihui Yan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Zhongshan Hospital affiliated with Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Shanghai 200032, China
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Ju S, Qiu Y, Li C, Teng GJ, Ni Y. Multimodality Imaging of Endothelial Progenitor Cells with a Novel Multifunctional Probe Featuring Positive Magnetic Resonance Contrast and Near-Infrared Fluorescence. Mol Imaging 2011; 10:359-69. [PMID: 21521551 DOI: 10.2310/7290.2010.00055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2010] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Shenghong Ju
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yiru Qiu
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Cong Li
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Gao-Jun Teng
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Yicheng Ni
- From the Laboratory of Molecular Imaging, Department of Radiology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, China; School of Pharmacy, Fudan University, Shanghai, China; and Department of Radiology, University Hospitals, Catholic University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
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Laurino P, Kikkeri R, Azzouz N, Seeberger PH. Detection of bacteria using glyco-dendronized polylysine prepared by continuous flow photofunctionalization. Nano Lett 2011; 11:73-78. [PMID: 21114331 DOI: 10.1021/nl102821f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Biocompatible glyco-dendronized poly-l-lysine (PLL) polymers carry either three or nine mannose- or galactose-bearing dendrons that selectively bind, and thus can be used to detect, bacteria. Central to the synthesis of glyco-dendronized polymers was the development of a continuous flow [2 + 2] photocycloaddition reaction to connect the dendrons and PLL. Glycodendronized polymers cluster bacteria by binding to cell-surface carbohydrate receptors and thereby result in an easy read-out using microscopic analyses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Laurino
- Max Planck Institute for Colloids and Interfaces, Department of Biomolecular Systems, Research Campus Golm, 14476 Potsdam, Germany
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12
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Yan H, Wang J, Yi P, Lei H, Zhan C, Xie C, Feng L, Qian J, Zhu J, Lu W, Li C. Imaging brain tumor by dendrimer-based optical/paramagnetic nanoprobe across the blood-brain barrier. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:8130-2. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc12007g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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Li C, Penet MF, Wildes F, Takagi T, Chen Z, Winnard PT, Artemov D, Bhujwalla ZM. Nanoplex delivery of siRNA and prodrug enzyme for multimodality image-guided molecular pathway targeted cancer therapy. ACS Nano 2010; 4:6707-16. [PMID: 20958072 PMCID: PMC2991391 DOI: 10.1021/nn102187v] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
The ability to destroy cancer cells while sparing normal tissue is highly sought after in cancer therapy. Small interfering RNA (siRNA)-mediated silencing of cancer-cell-specific targets and the use of a prodrug enzyme delivered to the tumor to convert a nontoxic prodrug to an active drug are two promising approaches in achieving this goal. Combining both approaches into a single treatment strategy can amplify selective targeting of cancer cells while sparing normal tissue. Noninvasive imaging can assist in optimizing such a strategy by determining effective tumor delivery of the siRNA and prodrug enzyme to time prodrug administration and detecting target down-regulation by siRNA and prodrug conversion by the enzyme. In proof-of-principle studies, we synthesized a nanoplex carrying magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reporters for in vivo detection and optical reporters for microscopy to image the delivery of siRNA and a functional prodrug enzyme in breast tumors and achieve image-guided molecular targeted cancer therapy. siRNA targeting of choline kinase-α (Chk-α), an enzyme significantly up-regulated in aggressive breast cancer cells, was combined with the prodrug enzyme bacterial cytosine deaminase (bCD) that converts the nontoxic prodrug 5-fluorocytosine (5-FC) to cytotoxic 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). In vivo MRI and optical imaging showed efficient intratumoral nanoplex delivery. siRNA-mediated down-regulation of Chk-α and the conversion of 5-FC to 5-FU by bCD were detected noninvasively with (1)H MR spectroscopic imaging and (19)F MR spectroscopy. Combined siRNA and prodrug enzyme activated treatment achieved higher growth delay than either treatment alone. The strategy can be expanded to target multiple pathways with siRNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cong Li
- Address correspondence to: and
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