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Yang Y, Li HX, Zhu TY, Zhang ZY, Yu ZX. Rh-Catalyzed [4 + 1] Reaction of Cyclopropyl-Capped Dienes (but not Common Dienes) and Carbon Monoxide: Reaction Development and Mechanistic Study. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:17087-17095. [PMID: 37523458 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c03047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
Transition-metal-catalyzed [4 + 1] reaction of dienes and carbon monoxide (CO) is the most straightforward and easily envisioned cyclization for the synthesis of five-membered carbocycles, which are ubiquitously found in natural products and functional molecules. Unfortunately, no test of this reaction was reported, and consequently, chemists do not know whether such kind of reaction works or not. Herein, we report that the [4 + 1] reaction of common dienes and CO cannot work, at least under the catalysis of [Rh(cod)Cl]2. However, using cyclopropyl-capped dienes (also named allylidenecyclopropanes) as substrates, the corresponding [4 + 1] reaction with CO proceeds smoothly in the presence of [Rh(cod)Cl]2. This [4 + 1] reaction, with a broad scope, provides efficient access to five-membered carbocyclic compounds of spiro[2.4]hept-6-en-4-ones. The [4 + 1] cycloadducts can be further transformed into other molecules by using the unique chemistry of cyclopropyl groups present in these molecules. The mechanism of this [4 + 1] reaction has been investigated by quantum chemical calculations, uncovering that cyclopropyl-capped dienes are strained dienes and the oxidative cyclization step in the [4 + 1] catalytic cycle can release this (angular) strain both kinetically and thermodynamically. The strain release in this step then propagates to all followed CO coordination/CO insertion/reductive elimination steps in the [4 + 1] catalytic cycle, helping the realization of this cycloaddition reaction. In contrast, common dienes (including cyclobutyl-capped dienes) do not have such advantages and their [4 + 1] reaction suffers from energy penalty in all steps involved in the [4 + 1] catalytic cycle. The reactivity of ene-allenes for the [4 + 1] reaction with CO is also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Han-Xiao Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Tian-Yu Zhu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zi-You Zhang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Li CL, Yang Y, Zhou Y, Duan ZC, Yu ZX. Strain-Release-Controlled [4 + 2 + 1] Reaction of Cyclopropyl-Capped Diene-ynes/Diene-enes and Carbon Monoxide Catalyzed by Rhodium. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:5496-5505. [PMID: 36812021 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c00134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
Achieving transition-metal-catalyzed reactions of diene-ynes/diene-enes and carbon monoxide (CO) to deliver [4 + 2 + 1] cycloadducts, rather than the kinetically favored [2 + 2 + 1] products, is challenging. Here, we report that this can be solved by adding a cyclopropyl (CP) cap to the diene moiety of the original substrates. The resulting CP-capped diene-ynes/diene-enes can react with CO under Rh catalysis to give [4 + 2 + 1] cycloadducts exclusively without forming [2 + 2 + 1] products. This reaction has a broad scope and can be used to synthesize useful 5/7 bicycles with a CP moiety. Of the same importance, the CP moiety in the [4 + 2 + 1] cycloadducts can act as an intermediate group for further transformations so that other challenging bicyclic 5/7 and tricyclic 5/7/5, 5/7/6, and 5/7/7 skeletons, some of which are widely found in natural products, can be accessed. The mechanism of this [4 + 2 + 1] reaction has been investigated by quantum chemical calculations, and the role of the CP group in avoiding the possible side [2 + 2 + 1] reaction has been identified, showing that the [4 + 2 + 1] is controlled by releasing the ring strain in the methylenecyclopropyl (MCP) group (about 7 kcal/mol) in the CP-capped dienes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen-Long Li
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yusheng Yang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Yi Zhou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhao-Chen Duan
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
| | - Zhi-Xiang Yu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences (BNLMS), Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Chemistry and Molecular Engineering of Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Peking University, Beijing 100871, China
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Abstract
Indoloterpenoids of the paxilline type belong to a large family of secondary metabolites that exhibit unique molecular architectures and a diverse set of biological activities. More than 100 congeners identified to date share a common structural motif that contains an indole moiety fused to a rearranged diterpenoid fragment. The representative physiological and cellular effects attributed to this family of natural products include neurological and insecticidal activities, modulation of lipid balance, and inhibition of mitosis. The uniting polycyclic motif combined with the diversity of individual structural features of paxilline indoloterpenoids and the broad scope of their biological activities have fascinated organic chemists for the past four decades and have led to the development of numerous syntheses. In this Account, we describe our contributions to this field and how they in turn shape new directions that are developing in our laboratory.We begin with the discussion of our strategy for the synthesis of the shared indoloterpenoid core. To address stereochemical challenges encountered in earlier reports, we planned to leverage a suitably substituted cyclopentanone in a polycyclization to form the desired trans-decalin motif. This polycyclization relied on a radical-polar crossover cascade initiated by hydrogen atom transfer. The original process exhibited poor diastereoselectivity, but we discovered an efficient solution to this problem that took advantage of intramolecular tethering effects, culminating in short synthesis of emindole SB. During these studies, we also identified indium-mediated alkenylation of silyl enol ethers with alkynes as a suitable method for the synthesis of highly substituted β,γ-unsaturated ketones that was critical to achieving brevity of our route. We subsequently developed a catalytic version of this transformation that allowed for a formal bimolecular ene reaction that exhibited unusual and potentially useful selectivity in construction of quaternary centers.To test the scope and limitations of our approach to paxilline indoloterpenoids and identify potential improvements, we developed a synthesis of the more complex congener nodulisporic acid C. The convergent assembly of this natural product was enabled by identification of new elements of stereocontrol in the radical-polar crossover polycyclization en route to the polycyclic terpenoid motif and development of a highly diastereoselective enyne cycloisomerization to access the indenopyran motif and a ketone arylation protocol to unite the two complex fragments.In subsequent studies, we expanded the radical-polar crossover cascade underlying our approach to paxilline indoloterpenoids to a bimolecular setting, which allowed for annulation of two unsaturated carbonyl components to produce functionalized cyclohexanes. This transformation is particularly well suited for installation of fully substituted carbons and can be complementary to the venerable Diels-Alder reaction. The utility of the new annulation was tested in the synthesis of forskolin, allowing for rapid construction of the complex polycyclic motif in this densely functionalized labdane diterpenoid.Over the past five years, our initial forays into the synthesis of paxilline indoloterpenoids have grown into a program that incorporates development of new synthetic methods and pursues artificial assembly of terpenoid natural products from several different families. We are encouraged by the increasing diversity of structural motifs made accessible by application of this chemistry and continue to discover new aspects of the underlying reactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Sergey V. Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Abstract
A new catalytic radical-polar crossover annulation between two unsaturated carbonyl compounds is described. The annulation proceeds under exceptionally mild conditions and provides direct and expedient access to complex terpenoid motifs. Application of this chemistry allows for synthesis of forskolin, a densely functionalized terpenoid, in 14 steps from commercially available material.
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Affiliation(s)
- William P. Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | - Devon J. Schatz
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
| | | | - Sergey V. Pronin
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, California 92697-2025, United States
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Stevens-Cullinane L, Lucas NT, Hawkins BC. Sterically Controlled Diels-Alder Cycloadditions: Rapid Entry into the Illudin Scaffold. European J Org Chem 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201402461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Clarembeau M, Bertrand JL, Krief A. Synthesis of Homoallyl Selenides and Sulfides by Allylation of α-Seleno- and α -Thioalkyllithiums in the Presence of Copper(I) Salts. Isr J Chem 2013. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.198400022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Kimura T, Inumaru M, Migimatsu T, Ishigaki M, Satoh T. Synthesis of small ring-containing conjugated dienes via the coupling reaction of cyclopropyl- and cyclobutylmagnesium carbenoids with α-sulfonylallyllithiums. Tetrahedron 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2013.03.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Sueki S. Carbon-oxygen Bond Formation Reactions with Molecular Oxygen—Efficient Reactions Installing Oxygen-functionality—. J SYN ORG CHEM JPN 2012. [DOI: 10.5059/yukigoseikyokaishi.70.71] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Yücel B, Arve L, de Meijere A. A two-step four-component queuing cascade involving a Heck coupling, π-allylpalladium trapping and Diels–Alder reaction. Tetrahedron 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2005.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Cayzer TN, Paddon-Row MN, Moran D, Payne AD, Sherburn MS, Turner P. Intramolecular Diels−Alder Reactions of Ester-Linked 1,3,8-Nonatrienes. J Org Chem 2005; 70:5561-70. [PMID: 15989338 DOI: 10.1021/jo0505829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
[structures: see text] Penta-1,3-dienyl acrylates undergo kinetically controlled intramolecular Diels-Alder (IMDA) reactions and DFT calculations (B3LYP/6-31+G(d)) predict stereoselectivities that are in very good agreement with the experimental values. The nature of the diene C1 substituent has virtually no influence upon reactivity or trans/cis-stereoselectivity whereas terminal C9 dienophile substituents have a substantial effect on both the reactivity and stereoselectivity of these IMDA reactions. The TSs highlight contributions from strain in the developing tether-containing ring, and steric and electronic effects between tether and dienophile substituents, thus providing insight into the origins of IMDA reactivity and stereoselectivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tory N Cayzer
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra, ACT 0200, Australia
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Krief A. Synthesis and synthetic applications of 1-metallo-1-selenocyclopropanes and -cyclobutanes and related 1-metallo-1-silylcyclopropanes. Top Curr Chem (Cham) 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/3-540-16662-9_3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
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Zoller T, Breuilles P, Klein S, Uguen D, De Cian A, Fischer J. Fine tuning of the [2+2] vs [4+2] selectivity of 1,1-disubstituted dienes in cycloaddition reactions. Tetrahedron Lett 1999; 40:9015-8. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(99)01884-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin E. Fox
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, 516 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Chi Li
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, 516 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Joseph P. Marino
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, 516 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025
| | - Larry E. Overman
- Contribution from the Department of Chemistry, University of California, 516 Rowland Hall, Irvine, California 92697-2025
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Meagher TP, Yet L, Hsiao CN, Shechter H. (E)- and (Z)-1-(Phenylsulfonyl)-4-(trimethylsilyl)-2-butenes: Synthetic Equivalents for the 1-(1,3-Butadienyl) Anion and the 1,1-(1,3-Butadienyl) Dianion. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970545k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Timothy P. Meagher
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Larry Yet
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Chi-Nung Hsiao
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Harold Shechter
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Brandi
- Dipartimento di Chimica Organica "Ugo Schiff", Centro di Studio sulla Chimica e la Struttura dei Composti Eterociclici e loro Applicazioni (CSCEA)-C.N.R., Università degli Studi di Firenze, via G. Capponi 9, I-50121 Firenze, Italy
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Lenihan BD, Shechter H. Synthesis and Conversions of Substituted o-[(Trimethylsilyl)methyl]benzyl p-Tolyl Sulfones to o-Quinodimethanes and Products Thereof. J Org Chem 1998. [DOI: 10.1021/jo970592c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Brian D. Lenihan
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
| | - Harold Shechter
- Department of Chemistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210
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Aversa MC, Barattucci A, Bonaccorsi P, Giannetto P, Jones DN. Synthesis and Asymmetric Diels-Alder Reactions of Enantiopure 3-(Alkylsulfinyl)-1-methoxy-1,3-butadienes. J Org Chem 1997; 62:4376-4384. [PMID: 11671762 DOI: 10.1021/jo962286p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Simple syntheses of enantiopure (E)- and (Z)-3-(alkylsulfinyl)-1-methoxy-1,3-butadienes 2and 3 were provided by the addition of (1S)-isoborneol-10-sulfenic and (S)-phenyl-2-hydroxyethanesulfenic acids 8 to (E)- and (Z)-1-methoxybut-1-en-3-ynes (9) and (10). These additions proceeded with asymmetric induction, the extent of which depended upon the nature of the chiral hydroxyalkyl group. Cycloadditions of methyl acrylate to the enantiopure dienes proceeded with complete regioselectivity and very high stereoselectivity when catalyzed by lithium perchlorate or zinc chloride in dichloromethane. The chirality at sulfur controlled the diastereofacial selectivity in these Diels-Alder cycloadditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C. Aversa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Dainton Building, Brook Hill, Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
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Ang KH, Bräse S, Steinig AG, Meyer FE, Llebaria A, Voigt K, de Meijere A. Versatile synthesis of bicyclo[4.3.0]nonenes and bicyclo[4.4.0]decenes by a domino Heck-Diels-Alder reaction. Tetrahedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4020(96)00639-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Chong-cheng H, Fu-chun W, Ming-chang P, Jyh-horng S. Regioselective formation of allylidenecyclopropanes from Fischer chromiumcarbene complexes and vinylidenecyclopropanes. J Organomet Chem 1994; 474:123-8. [DOI: 10.1016/0022-328x(94)84055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Thiemann T, Kohlstruk S, Schwär G, Meijere AD. [4+2] Cycloadditions of 2-(trialkylsilyloxy)-allylidenecyclopropanes - synthesis of spiro[2.5]octan-5-ones. Tetrahedron Lett 1991. [DOI: 10.1016/0040-4039(91)80812-k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Kigoshi H, Sawada A, Niwa H, Yamada K. Synthesis of a Functionalized Carbocyclic Skeleton of Ptaquilosin, the Aglycone of a Bracken Carcinogen Ptaquiloside Based on an Intramolecular Diels–Alder Reaction. BCSJ 1989. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.62.1639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Lewis RT, Motherwell WB. An improved preparation of cyclopropyl phosphonates and their application in arylidene cyclopropane formation. Tetrahedron Lett 1988. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4039(00)80672-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Kiwus R, Schwarz W, Roßnagel I, Musso H. Hydrogenolyse kleiner Kohlenstoffringe, XV über die Hydrierung von Dispiro[2.2.2.2]deca-4,9-dien. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1987. [DOI: 10.1002/cber.19871200330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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