1
|
Zarama V, Arango-Granados MC, Manzano-Nunez R, Sheppard JP, Roberts N, Plüddemann A. The diagnostic accuracy of cardiac ultrasound for acute myocardial ischemia in the emergency department: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Scand J Trauma Resusc Emerg Med 2024; 32:19. [PMID: 38468316 PMCID: PMC10926567 DOI: 10.1186/s13049-024-01192-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chest pain is responsible for millions of visits to the emergency department (ED) annually. Cardiac ultrasound can detect ischemic changes, but varying accuracy estimates have been reported in previous studies. We synthetized the available evidence to yield more precise estimates of the accuracy of cardiac ultrasound for acute myocardial ischemia in patients with chest pain in the ED and to assess the effect of different clinical characteristics on test accuracy. METHODS A systematic search for studies assessing the diagnostic accuracy of cardiac ultrasound for myocardial ischemia in the ED was conducted in MEDLINE, EMBASE, CENTRAL, CINAHL, LILACS, Web of Science, two trial registries and supplementary methods, from inception to December 6th, 2022. Prospective cohort, cross-sectional, case-control studies and randomized controlled trials (RCTs) that included data on diagnostic accuracy were included. Risk of bias was assessed with the QUADAS-2 tool and a bivariate hierarchical model was used for meta-analysis with paired Forest and SROC plots used to present the results. Subgroup analyses was conducted on clinically relevant factors. RESULTS Twenty-nine studies were included, with 5043 patients. The overall summary sensitivity was 79.3% (95%CI 69.0-86.8%) and specificity was 87.3% (95%CI 79.9-92.2%), with substantial heterogeneity. Subgroup analyses showed increased sensitivity in studies where ultrasound was conducted at ED admission and increased specificity in studies that excluded patients with previous heart disease, when the target condition was acute coronary syndrome, or when final chart review was used as the reference standard. There was very low certainty in the results based on serious risk of bias and indirectness in most studies. CONCLUSIONS Cardiac ultrasound may have a potential role in the diagnostic pathway of myocardial ischemia in the ED; however, a pooled accuracy must be interpreted cautiously given substantial heterogeneity and that important patient and test characteristics affect its diagnostic performance. PROTOCOL REGISTRATION PROSPERO (CRD42023392058).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Zarama
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia.
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 # 18-49, 760032, Cali, Colombia.
- Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences and the Department for Continuing Education, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK.
| | - María Camila Arango-Granados
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad ICESI, Cali, Colombia
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fundación Valle del Lili, Carrera 98 # 18-49, 760032, Cali, Colombia
| | | | - James P Sheppard
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Nia Roberts
- Bodleian Health Care Libraries, University of Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| | - Annette Plüddemann
- Centre for Evidence-Based Medicine, Nuffield Department of Primary Care Health Sciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, Oxfordshire, UK
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Choi Y, Kim K, Oh JS, Jeong HH, Park JT, Kyong YY, Oh YM, Choi SM, Choi KH. Comparing Door-To-Balloon Time between ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction Electrocardiogram and Its Equivalents. J Clin Med 2022; 11:5547. [PMID: 36233413 PMCID: PMC9570598 DOI: 10.3390/jcm11195547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: In patients with ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) undergoing primary percutaneous coronary interventions (pPCI), longer door-to-balloon (DTB) time is known to be associated with an unfavorable outcome. A percentage of patients with acute coronary occlusion present with atypical electrocardiographic (ECG) findings, known as STEMI-equivalents. We investigated whether DTB time for STEMI-equivalent patients was delayed. Methods: This is a retrospective study including patients arriving at an emergency department with the acute coronary syndrome in whom emergent pPCI was performed. ECGs were classified into STEMI and STEMI-equivalent groups. We compared DTB time, with its components, between the groups. We also investigated whether STEMI-equivalent ECG was an independent predictor of DTB time delayed for more than 90 min. Results: A total of 180 patients were included in the present study, and 23 patients (12.8%) presented with STEMI-equivalent ECGs. DTB time was significantly delayed in patients with STEMI-equivalent ECGs (89 (80–122) vs. 81 (70–88) min, p = 0.001). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that STEMI-equivalent ECG was an independent predictor of delayed DTB time (odds ratio: 4.692; 95% confidence interval: 1.632–13.490, p = 0.004). Conclusions: DTB time was significantly delayed in patients presenting with STEMI-equivalent ECGs. Prompt recognition of STEMI-equivalent ECGs by emergency physicians and interventional cardiologists might reduce DTB time and lead to a better clinical outcome.
Collapse
|
3
|
Zarama V, Adams CD, Vesga CE. A Patient With Chest Pain and Hyperacute T Waves. Chest 2018; 154:e161-4. [PMID: 30526982 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.07.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2018] [Revised: 07/23/2018] [Accepted: 07/26/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
|
4
|
Levitov A, Frankel HL, Blaivas M, Kirkpatrick AW, Su E, Evans D, Summerfield DT, Slonim A, Breitkreutz R, Price S, Mclaughlin M, Marik PE, Elbarbary M. Guidelines for the Appropriate Use of Bedside General and Cardiac Ultrasonography in the Evaluation of Critically Ill Patients—Part II: Cardiac Ultrasonography. Crit Care Med 2016; 44:1206-27. [DOI: 10.1097/ccm.0000000000001847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 239] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
|
5
|
Abstract
Noninvasive cardiac imaging has an important role in the assessment of patients with acute-onset chest pain. In patients with suspected acute coronary syndrome (ACS), cardiac imaging offers incremental value over routine clinical assessment, the electrocardiogram, and blood biomarkers of myocardial injury, to confirm or refute the diagnosis of coronary artery disease and to assess future cardiovascular risk. This Review covers the current guidelines and clinical use of the common noninvasive imaging techniques, including echocardiography and stress echocardiography, computed tomography coronary angiography, myocardial perfusion scintigraphy, positron emission tomography, and cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging, in patients with suspected ACS, and provides an update on the developments in noninvasive imaging techniques in the past 5 years.
Collapse
|
6
|
Hoffmann U, Akers SR, Brown RK, Cummings KW, Cury RC, Greenberg SB, Ho VB, Hsu JY, Min JK, Panchal KK, Stillman AE, Woodard PK, Jacobs JE. ACR Appropriateness Criteria Acute Nonspecific Chest Pain—Low Probability of Coronary Artery Disease. J Am Coll Radiol 2015; 12:1266-71. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2015.09.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
|
7
|
Davis MB, Shafton A, Desai A, Childers D, Bach DS. Reliable exclusion of acute coronary syndrome among hospitalized patients with elevated troponin. Clin Cardiol 2015; 37:395-401. [PMID: 25180409 DOI: 10.1002/clc.22263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Elevated cardiac troponin I (cTnI) occurs in acute coronary syndrome (ACS) as well as various scenarios not associated with ACS. HYPOTHESIS Simple clinical criteria can reliably exclude ACS among hospitalized patients with elevated cTnI. METHODS Records for patients hospitalized from January to April 2011 with elevated cTnI (>0.29 ng/dL) and an available echocardiogram were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction were excluded. Based on available clinical data, patients were classified as having ACS or elevation of cTnI unrelated to ACS (non-ACS). Median follow-up was 365 days. RESULTS Of 265 records meeting inclusion criteria, 82 (31%) had ACS and 183 (69%) had non-ACS. In multivariable analysis, odds ratios for non-ACS were 7.6 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 3.8-15.3) for peak cTnI <2 ng/dL, 6.3 (95% CI: 3.1-13.0) for absent wall-motion abnormality, and 4.4 (95% CI: 2.2-8.6) for no prior coronary artery disease history. The area under the receiver operating curve for amodel using these 3 variables was 0.86, with a 98% negative predictive value for excluding ACS. Patients who met these 3 criteria had no ACS-related deaths over 1-year follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Hospitalized patients with peak Tn level<2 ng/dL, no prior history of coronary artery disease, and no new echocardiographic wall-motion abnormality appear to have a very low likelihood of ACS. Prospective validation of these results is needed to determine whether additional diagnostic testing could be safely avoided in hospitalized patients meeting these simple clinical criteria.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melinda B Davis
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
8
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Echocardiography, radionuclide myocardial perfusion imaging (MPI), and coronary CT angiography (CTA) are the three main imaging techniques used in the emergency department for the diagnosis of acute coronary syndrome (ACS). The purpose of this article is to quantitatively examine existing evidence about the diagnostic performance of these imaging tests in this setting. CONCLUSION Our systematic search of the medical literature showed no significant difference between the modalities for the detection of ACS in the emergency department. There was a slight, positive trend favoring coronary CTA. Given the absence of large differences in diagnostic performance, practical aspects such as local practice, expertise, medical facilities, and individual patient characteristics may be more important.
Collapse
|
9
|
Hoffmann U, Venkatesh V, White RD, Woodard PK, Carr JJ, Dorbala S, Earls JP, Jacobs JE, Mammen L, Martin ET, Ryan T, White CS. ACR Appropriateness Criteria(®) acute nonspecific chest pain-low probability of coronary artery disease. J Am Coll Radiol 2013; 9:745-50. [PMID: 23025871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2012.06.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 06/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
This document outlines the usefulness of available diagnostic imaging for patients without known coronary artery disease and at low probability for having coronary artery disease who do not present with classic signs, symptoms, or electrocardiographic abnormalities indicating acute coronary syndrome but rather with nonspecific chest pain leading to a differential diagnosis, including pulmonary, gastrointestinal, or musculoskeletal pathologies. A number of imaging modalities are available to evaluate the broad spectrum of possible pathologies in these patients, such as chest radiography, multidetector CT, MRI, ventilation-perfusion scans, cardiac perfusion scintigraphy, transesophageal and transthoracic echocardiography, PET, spine and rib radiography, barium esophageal and upper gastrointestinal studies, and abdominal ultrasound. It is considered appropriate to start the assessment of these patients with a low-cost, low-risk diagnostic test such as a chest x-ray. Contrast-enhanced gated cardiac and ungated thoracic multidetector CT as well as transthoracic echocardiography are also usually considered as appropriate in the evaluation of these patients as a second step if necessary. A number of rest and stress single-photon emission CT myocardial perfusion imaging, ventilation-perfusion scanning, aortic and chest MR angiographic, and more specific x-ray and abdominal examinations may be appropriate as a third layer of testing, whereas MRI of the heart or coronary arteries and invasive testing such as transesophageal echocardiography or selective coronary angiography are not considered appropriate in these patients. Given the low risk of these patients, it is mandated to minimize radiation exposure as much as possible using advanced and appropriate testing protocols. The ACR Appropriateness Criteria® are evidence-based guidelines for specific clinical conditions that are reviewed every 2 years by a multidisciplinary expert panel. The guideline development and review include an extensive analysis of current medical literature from peer-reviewed journals and the application of a well established consensus methodology (modified Delphi) to rate the appropriateness of imaging and treatment procedures by the panel. In those instances in which evidence is lacking or not definitive, expert opinion may be used to recommend imaging or treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Udo Hoffmann
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
10
|
Mammen L, White RD, Woodard PK, Carr JJ, Earls JP, Hendel RC, Ho VB, Hoffman U, Ryan T, Schoepf UJ, White CS. ACR Appropriateness Criteria® on Chest Pain, Suggestive of Acute Coronary Syndrome. J Am Coll Radiol 2011; 8:12-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacr.2010.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2010] [Accepted: 08/31/2010] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
|