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Winkowski M, Stacewicz T. Optical detection of formaldehyde in air in the 3.6 µm range. Biomed Opt Express 2020; 11:7019-7031. [PMID: 33408977 PMCID: PMC7747927 DOI: 10.1364/boe.405384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The optical detector of formaldehyde designed for sensing cancer biomarkers in air exhaled from human lungs with possible application in free atmosphere is described. The measurements were performed at wavelengths ranging from 3595.77-3596.20 nm. It was stated that at the pressure of 0.01 atm this absorption band exhibits the best immunity to typical interferents that might occur at high concentration in human breath. Multipass absorption spectroscopy was also applied. The method of optical fringes quenching by wavelength modulation and signal averaging over the interferences period was presented. The application of such approaches enabled the detection limit of about single ppb to be achieved.
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2
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Haskins JD, Lopez-Hilfiker FD, Lee BH, Shah V, Wolfe GM, DiGangi J, Fibiger D, McDuffie EE, Veres P, Schroder JC, Campuzano-Jost P, Day DA, Jimenez JL, Weinheimer A, Sparks T, Cohen RC, Campos T, Sullivan A, Guo H, Weber R, Dibb J, Greene J, Fiddler M, Bililign S, Jaeglé L, Brown SS, Thornton JA. Anthropogenic control over wintertime oxidation of atmospheric pollutants. Geophys Res Lett 2019; 46:14826-14835. [PMID: 33012881 PMCID: PMC7526063 DOI: 10.1029/2019gl085498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/11/2019] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
During winter in the mid-latitudes, photochemical oxidation is significantly slower than in summer and the main radical oxidants driving formation of secondary pollutants, such as fine particulate matter and ozone, remain uncertain, owing to a lack of observations in this season. Using airborne observations, we quantify the contribution of various oxidants on a regional basis during winter, enabling improved chemical descriptions of wintertime air pollution transformations. We show that 25-60% of NOx is converted to N2O5 via multiphase reactions between gas-phase nitrogen oxide reservoirs and aerosol particles, with ~93% reacting in the marine boundary layer to form >2.5 ppbv ClNO2. This results in >70% of the oxidizing capacity of polluted air during winter being controlled, not by typical photochemical reactions, but from these multiphase reactions and emissions of volatile organic compounds, such as HCHO, highlighting the control local anthropogenic emissions have on the oxidizing capacity of the polluted wintertime atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. D. Haskins
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | | | - B. H. Lee
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - V. Shah
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - G. M. Wolfe
- Joint Center for Earth Systems Technology, University of Maryland Baltimore County, Baltimore, MD USA
- Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics Laboratory, NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, MD USA
| | - J. DiGangi
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, VA USA
| | - D. Fibiger
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - E. E. McDuffie
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Veres
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - J. C. Schroder
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - P. Campuzano-Jost
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - D. A. Day
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. L. Jimenez
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
| | - A. Weinheimer
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - T. Sparks
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA USA
| | - R. C. Cohen
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Berkeley CA USA
| | - T. Campos
- Earth Observing Laboratory, National Center for Atmospheric Research, Boulder, CO USA
| | - A. Sullivan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO USA
| | - H. Guo
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - R. Weber
- School of Earth and Atmospheric Sciences, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - J. Dibb
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH USA
| | - J. Greene
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - M. Fiddler
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - S. Bililign
- Department of Physics, North Carolina A&T State University, Greensboro, NC USA
| | - L. Jaeglé
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
| | - S. S. Brown
- Department of Chemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO USA
- Chemical Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO USA
| | - J. A. Thornton
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA USA
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3
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de Blas M, Ibáñez P, García JA, Gómez MC, Navazo M, Alonso L, Durana N, Iza J, Gangoiti G, de Cámara ES. Summertime high resolution variability of atmospheric formaldehyde and non-methane volatile organic compounds in a rural background area. Sci Total Environ 2019; 647:862-877. [PMID: 30096675 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2018.07.411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Revised: 06/21/2018] [Accepted: 07/29/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
On rural background areas atmospheric formaldehyde (HCHO) is important for its abundance and chemical reactivity, directly linked to the tropospheric ozone formation processes. HCHO is also toxic and carcinogenic to humans. Atmospheric HCHO was continuously measured in summer 2016 during 81 days (N = 6722, average: 1.42 ppbv) in a rural background area in Northern Spain, Valderejo Natural Park (VNP) using a Hantzsch fluorimetric system. To better characterize the photochemical processes the database was completed with hourly measurements of 63 Non-Methane Hydrocarbons (NMHC) performed by gas chromatography and other common atmospheric pollutants and meteorological parameters. HCHO mixing ratios were highly correlated with ozone and isoprene. Cloudy and rainy days, with low temperature and radiation, led to low HCHO mixing ratios, with maxima (<2 ppbv) registered around 14 UTC. On days with increased radiation and temperature HCHO maxima occurred slightly later (<6 ppbv, ≈16:00 UTC). During clear summer days with high temperature and radiation, two HCHO peaks were registered daily, one synchronized with the radiation maximum (≈3-4 ppbv, ≈13:00 UTC) and an absolute maximum (<10 ppbv, ≈18:00 UTC), associated with the addition of HCHO coming into VNP due to inbound transport of old polluted air masses. In the ozone episode studied, the processes of accumulation and recharge of ozone and of HCHO ran in parallel, leading to similar daily patterns of variation. Finally, HCHO mixing ratios measured in VNP were compared with other measurements at rural, forested, and remote sites all over the world, obtaining similar values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maite de Blas
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain.
| | - Pablo Ibáñez
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Jose Antonio García
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Maria Carmen Gómez
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Marino Navazo
- Faculty Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Lucio Alonso
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Nieves Durana
- Faculty Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Jon Iza
- Faculty Engineering of Vitoria-Gasteiz, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
| | - Gotzon Gangoiti
- Faculty of Engineering - Bilbao, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, Spain
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4
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Yuan B, Koss AR, Warneke C, Coggon M, Sekimoto K, de Gouw JA. Proton-Transfer-Reaction Mass Spectrometry: Applications in Atmospheric Sciences. Chem Rev 2017; 117:13187-13229. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.7b00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 191] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Bin Yuan
- Institute
for Environment and Climate Research, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Laboratory
of Atmospheric Chemistry, Paul Scherrer Institute, Villigen 5232, Switzerland
| | - Abigail R. Koss
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Carsten Warneke
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Matthew Coggon
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Kanako Sekimoto
- Chemical
Sciences Division, NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory (ESRL), Boulder, Colorado 80305, United States
- Graduate
School of Nanobioscience, Yokohama City University, Yokohama 236-0027, Japan
| | - Joost A. de Gouw
- Cooperative
Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences, University of Colorado at Boulder, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
- Department
of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Colorado, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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5
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Schroeder JR, Crawford JH, Fried A, Walega J, Weinheimer A, Wisthaler A, Müller M, Mikoviny T, Chen G, Shook M, Blake DR, Diskin G, Estes M, Thompson AM, Lefer BL, Long R, Mattson E. Formaldehyde column density measurements as a suitable pathway to estimate near-surface ozone tendencies from space. J Geophys Res Atmos 2016; 121:13088-13112. [PMID: 32812915 PMCID: PMC7430524 DOI: 10.1002/2016jd025419] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
In support of future satellite missions that aim to address the current shortcomings in measuring air quality from space, NASA's Deriving Information on Surface Conditions from Column and Vertically Resolved Observations Relevant to Air Quality (DISCOVER-AQ) field campaign was designed to enable exploration of relationships between column measurements of trace species relevant to air quality at high spatial and temporal resolution. In the DISCOVER-AQ data set, a modest correlation (r 2 = 0.45) between ozone (O3) and formaldehyde (CH2O) column densities was observed. Further analysis revealed regional variability in the O3-CH2O relationship, with Maryland having a strong relationship when data were viewed temporally and Houston having a strong relationship when data were viewed spatially. These differences in regional behavior are attributed to differences in volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions. In Maryland, biogenic VOCs were responsible for ~28% of CH2O formation within the boundary layer column, causing CH2O to, in general, increase monotonically throughout the day. In Houston, persistent anthropogenic emissions dominated the local hydrocarbon environment, and no discernable diurnal trend in CH2O was observed. Box model simulations suggested that ambient CH2O mixing ratios have a weak diurnal trend (±20% throughout the day) due to photochemical effects, and that larger diurnal trends are associated with changes in hydrocarbon precursors. Finally, mathematical relationships were developed from first principles and were able to replicate the different behaviors seen in Maryland and Houston. While studies would be necessary to validate these results and determine the regional applicability of the O3-CH2O relationship, the results presented here provide compelling insight into the ability of future satellite missions to aid in monitoring near-surface air quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Schroeder
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
- NASA Postdoctoral Program, NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | | | - Alan Fried
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | - James Walega
- Institute of Arctic and Alpine Research, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, Colorado, USA
| | | | - Armin Wisthaler
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Markus Müller
- Institute of Ion Physics and Applied Physics, University of Innsbruck, Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Tomas Mikoviny
- Department of Chemistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Gao Chen
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Michael Shook
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Donald R Blake
- Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California, USA
| | - Glenn Diskin
- NASA Langley Research Center, Hampton, Virginia, USA
| | - Mark Estes
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, Austin, Texas, USA
| | - Anne M Thompson
- Department of Meteorology, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, Maryland, USA
| | - Barry L Lefer
- Department of Earth and Atmospheric Science, University of Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
- Now at NASA Headquarters, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Russell Long
- National Exposure Research Laboratory, U.S. EPA, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
| | - Eric Mattson
- Colorado Department of Public Health and Environment, Denver, Colorado, USA
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6
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Abstract
The relative yields of products of the reaction of Cl atoms with 1-alkenes (C4-C9) were determined to see whether H atom abstraction is an important channel and if it is to identify the preferred position of abstraction. The presence of all the possible positional isomers of long chain alkenones and alkenols among the products, along with chloroketones and chloroalcohols, confirms the occurrence of H atom abstraction. A consistent pattern of distribution of abstraction products is observed with oxidation at C4 (next to allyl) being the lowest and that at CH2 groups away from the double bond being the highest. This contradicts with the higher stability of allyl (C3) radical. For a better understanding of the relative reactivity, ab initio calculations at MP2/6-311+G (d,p) level of theory are carried out in the case of 1-heptene. The total rate coefficient, calculated using conventional transition state theory, was found to be in good agreement with the experimental value at room temperature. The preferred position of Cl atom addition is predicted to be the terminal carbon atom, which matches with the experimental observation, whereas the rate coefficients calculated for individual channels of H atom abstraction do not explain the observed pattern of products. The distribution of abstraction products except at C4 is found to be better explained by reported structure activity relationship, developed from experimental rate coefficient data. This implies the reactions to be kinetically dictated and emphasizes the importance of secondary reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M P Walavalkar
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - S Vijayakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, India
| | - A Sharma
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
| | - B Rajakumar
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Madras , Chennai 600 036, India
| | - S Dhanya
- Radiation and Photochemistry Division, Bhabha Atomic Research Centre , Trombay, Mumbai 400085, India
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7
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Hoyt D, Raun LH. Measured and estimated benzene and volatile organic carbon (VOC) emissions at a major U.S. refinery/chemical plant: Comparison and prioritization. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2015; 65:1020-1031. [PMID: 26067830 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2015.1058304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Estimates of emissions for processes and point sources at petroleum refineries and chemical plants provide the foundation for many other environmental evaluations and policy decisions. The most commonly used method, based on emission factors, results in unreliable estimates. More information regarding the actual emissions within a facility is necessary to provide a foundation for improving emission factors and prioritizing which emission factors most need improvement. Identification of which emission factors both perform poorly and introduce the largest error is needed to provide such a prioritization. To address this need, benzene and volatile organic compound (VOC) emissions within a major chemical plant/refinery were measured and compared with emission factor estimates. The results of this study indicate estimated emissions were never higher and commonly lower than the measured emissions. At one source location, VOC emissions were found to be largely representative of those measured (i.e., the catalytic reformer), but more often, emissions were significantly underestimated (e.g., up to 448 times greater than estimated at a floating roof tank). The sources with both the largest relative error between the estimate and the measurement and the largest magnitude of emissions in this study were a wastewater treatment process, an aromatics concentration unit and benzene extraction unit process area, and two sets of tanks (sets 7 and 8). Emission factors for these sources are priorities for further evaluation and improvement in this chemical plant/refinery. This study presents empirical data that demonstrate the need to validate and improve emission factors. Emission factors needing improvement are prioritized by identifying those that are weak models and introduce the largest error in magnitude of emissions. The results can also be used to prioritize evaluations of the emissions sources and controls, and any operational conditions or erroneous assumptions that may be contributing to the error.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Hoyt
- a Air Enforcement Division, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency , Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance , Washington , DC , USA
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8
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Ojala S, Koivikko N, Laitinen T, Mouammine A, Seelam P, Laassiri S, Ainassaari K, Brahmi R, Keiski R. Utilization of Volatile Organic Compounds as an Alternative for Destructive Abatement. Catalysts 2015; 5:1092-151. [DOI: 10.3390/catal5031092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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9
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Schifter I, Díaz L, Rodríguez R, González-Macías C. The contribution of evaporative emissions from gasoline vehicles to the volatile organic compound inventory in Mexico City. Environ Monit Assess 2014; 186:3969-3983. [PMID: 24526614 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-3672-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2013] [Accepted: 01/28/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The strategy for decreasing volatile organic compound emissions in Mexico has been focused much more on tailpipe emissions than on evaporative emissions, so there is very little information on the contribution of evaporative emissions to the total volatile organic compound inventory. We examined the magnitudes of exhaust and evaporative volatile organic compound emissions, and the species emitted, in a representative fleet of light-duty gasoline vehicles in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City. The US "FTP-75" test protocol was used to estimate volatile organic compound emissions associated with diurnal evaporative losses, and when the engine is started and a journey begins. The amount and nature of the volatile organic compounds emitted under these conditions have not previously been accounted in the official inventory of the area. Evaporative emissions from light-duty vehicles in the Metropolitan Area of Mexico City were estimated to be 39 % of the total annual amount of hydrocarbons emitted. Vehicles built before 1992 (16 % of the fleet) were found to be responsible for 43 % of the total hydrocarbon emissions from exhausts and 31 % of the evaporative emissions of organic compounds. The relatively high amounts of volatile organic compounds emitted from older vehicles found in this study show that strong emission controls need to be implemented in order to decrease the contribution of evaporative emissions of this fraction of the fleet.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Schifter
- Instituto Mexicano del Petróleo, Dirección de Investigación y Posgrado, Eje Central Lázaro Cárdenas No. 152, San Bartolo Atepehuacan, 07730, México, D.F., Mexico,
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10
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Abstract
Many of Houston's highest 8-h ozone (O3) peaks are characterised by increases in concentrations of at least 40 ppb in 1 h, or 60 ppb in 2 h. These rapid increases are called non-typical O3 changes (NTOCs). In 2004, the Texas Commission on Environmental Quality (TCEQ) developed a novel emissions control strategy aimed at eliminating NTOCs. The strategy limited routine and short-term emissions of ethene, propene, 1,3-butadiene and butene isomers, collectively called highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs), which are released from petrochemical facilities. HRVOCs have been associated with NTOCs through field campaigns and modelling studies. This study analysed wind measurements and O3, formaldehyde (HCHO) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) concentrations from 2000 to 2011 at 25 ground monitors in Houston. NTOCs almost always occurred when monitors were downwind of petrochemical facilities. Rapid O3 increases were associated with low wind speeds; 75 % of NTOCs occurred when the 3-h average wind speed preceding the event was less than 6.5 km h-1. Statistically significant differences in HCHO concentrations were seen between days with and without NTOCs. Early afternoon HCHO concentrations were greater on NTOC days. In the morning before an observed NTOC event, however, there were no significant differences in HCHO concentrations between days with and without NTOCs. Hourly SO2 concentrations also increased rapidly, exhibiting behaviour similar to NTOCs. Oftentimes, the SO2 increases preceded a NTOC. These findings show that, despite the apparent success of targeted HRVOC emission controls, further restrictions may be needed to eliminate the remaining O3 events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Couzo
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Harvey E. Jeffries
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - William Vizuete
- University of North Carolina, Gillings School of Global Public Health, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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11
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Abstract
Large petrochemicalflares, common in the Houston Ship Channel (the Ship Channel) and other industrialized areas in the Gulfof Mexico region, emit hundreds to thousands of pounds per hour of highly reactive volatile organic compounds (HRVOCs). We employedfine horizontal resolution (200 mx200 m) in a three-dimensional (3D) Eulerian chemical transport model to simulate two historical Ship Channel flares. The model reasonably reproduced the observed ozone rise at the nearest monitoring stations downwind of the flares. The larger of the two flares had an olefin emission rate exceeding 1400 lb/hr. In this case, the model simulated a rate of increase in peak ozone greater than 40 ppb/hr over a 12 kmx12 km horizontal domain without any unusual meteorological conditions. In this larger flare, formaldehyde emissions typically neglected in official inventories enhanced peak ozone by as much as 16 ppb and contributed over 10 ppb to ambient formaldehyde up to approximately 8 km downwind of the flare. The intense horizontal gradients in large flare plumes cannot be simulated by coarse models typically used to demonstrate ozone attainment. Moreover even the relatively dense monitoring network in the Ship Channel may not be able to detect many transient high ozone events (THOEs) caused by industrial flare emissions in the absence of stagnant air recirculation or stalled sea breeze fronts, even though such conditions are unnecessary for the occurrence of THOEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo P Olaguer
- Houston Advanced Research Center, 4800 Research Forest Dr, The Woodlands, TX 77381, USA.
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12
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Couzo E, Olatosi A, Jeffries HE, Vizuete W. Assessment of a regulatory model's performance relative to large spatial heterogeneity in observed ozone in Houston, Texas. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2012; 62:696-706. [PMID: 22788108 DOI: 10.1080/10962247.2012.667050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
In Houston, some of the highest measured 8-hr ozone (O3) peaks are characterized by sudden increases in observed concentrations of at least 40 ppb in 1 hr or 60 ppb in 2 hr. Measurements show that these large hourly changes appear at only a few monitors and span a narrow geographic area, suggesting a spatially heterogeneous field of O3 concentrations. This study assessed whether a regulatory air quality model (AQM) can simulate this observed behavior. The AQM did not reproduce the magnitude or location of some of the highest observed hourly O3 changes, and it also failed to capture the limited spatial extent. On days with measured large hourly changes in O3 concentrations, the AQM predicted high O3 over large regions of Houston, resulting in overpredictions at several monitors. This analysis shows that the model can make high O3, but on these days the predicted spatial field suggests that the model had a different cause. Some observed large hourly changes in O3 concentrations have been linked to random releases of industrial volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In the AQM emission inventory, there are several emission events when an industrial point source increases VOC emissions in excess of 10,000 mol/hr. One instance increased predicted downwind O3 concentrations up to 25 ppb. These results show that the modeling system is responsive to a large VOC release, but the timing and location of the release, and meteorological conditions, are critical requirements. Attainment of the O3 standard requires the use of observational data and AQM predictions. If the large observed hourly changes are indicative of a separate cause of high O3, then the model may not include that cause, which might result in regulators enacting control strategies that could be ineffective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan Couzo
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, University of North Carolina Gillings School of Global Public Health, CB 7431, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Wood EC, Herndon SC, Fortner EC, Onasch TB, Wormhoudt J, Kolb CE, Knighton WB, Lee BH, Zavala M, Molina L, Jones M. Combustion and Destruction/Removal Efficiencies of In-Use Chemical Flares in the Greater Houston Area. Ind Eng Chem Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1021/ie202717m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ezra C. Wood
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821,
United States
- Department
of Public Health, University of Massachusetts, 330 Arnold House, 715
North Pleasant Street, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003-9304, United States
| | - Scott C. Herndon
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821,
United States
| | - Ed C. Fortner
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821,
United States
| | - Timothy B. Onasch
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821,
United States
| | - Joda Wormhoudt
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821,
United States
| | - Charles E. Kolb
- Aerodyne Research, Inc., 45 Manning Road, Billerica, Massachusetts 01821,
United States
| | - W. Berk Knighton
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Montana State University, 103 Chemistry and Biochemistry
Building, P.O. Box 173400, Bozeman, Montana 59717, United States
| | - Ben H. Lee
- School of Engineering and Applied
Sciences, Harvard University, Geological
Museum, 24 Oxford Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02138, United States
| | - Miguel Zavala
- Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, 3252 Holiday Court, Suite
223, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Luisa Molina
- Molina Center for Energy and the Environment, 3252 Holiday Court, Suite
223, La Jolla, California 92037, United States
| | - Marvin Jones
- Texas Commission on Environmental Quality, 12100 Park 35 Circle, Austin, Texas 78753,
United States
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Lin YC, Schwab JJ, Demerjian KL, Bae MS, Chen WN, Sun Y, Zhang Q, Hung HM, Perry J. Summertime formaldehyde observations in New York City: Ambient levels, sources and its contribution to HOx radicals. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Ahlm L, Liu S, Day DA, Russell LM, Weber R, Gentner DR, Goldstein AH, DiGangi JP, Henry SB, Keutsch FN, VandenBoer TC, Markovic MZ, Murphy JG, Ren X, Scheller S. Formation and growth of ultrafine particles from secondary sources in Bakersfield, California. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd017144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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16
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Pétron G, Frost G, Miller BR, Hirsch AI, Montzka SA, Karion A, Trainer M, Sweeney C, Andrews AE, Miller L, Kofler J, Bar-Ilan A, Dlugokencky EJ, Patrick L, Moore CT, Ryerson TB, Siso C, Kolodzey W, Lang PM, Conway T, Novelli P, Masarie K, Hall B, Guenther D, Kitzis D, Miller J, Welsh D, Wolfe D, Neff W, Tans P. Hydrocarbon emissions characterization in the Colorado Front Range: A pilot study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 323] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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17
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Affiliation(s)
- Changhyoun Park
- Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
- Joint Institute for Regional Earth System Science and Engineering; University of California; Los Angeles California USA
| | - Gunnar W. Schade
- Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Ian Boedeker
- Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
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Brioude J, Kim SW, Angevine WM, Frost GJ, Lee SH, McKeen SA, Trainer M, Fehsenfeld FC, Holloway JS, Ryerson TB, Williams EJ, Petron G, Fast JD. Top-down estimate of anthropogenic emission inventories and their interannual variability in Houston using a mesoscale inverse modeling technique. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2011jd016215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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19
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Schade GW, Khan S, Park C, Boedeker I. Rural southeast Texas air quality measurements during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2011; 61:1070-1081. [PMID: 22070040 DOI: 10.1080/10473289.2011.608621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The authors conducted air quality measurements of the criteria pollutants carbon monoxide, nitrogen oxides, and ozone together with meteorological measurements at a park site southeast of College Station, TX, during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study II (TexAQS). Ozone, a primary focus of the measurements, was above 80 ppb during 3 days and above 75 ppb during additional 8 days in summer 2006, suggestive of possible violations of the ozone National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) in this area. In concordance with other air quality measurements during the TexAQS II, elevated ozone mixing ratios coincided with northerly flows during days after cold front passages. Ozone background during these days was as high as 80 ppb, whereas southerly air flows generally provided for an ozone background lower than 40 ppb. Back trajectory analysis shows that local ozone mixing ratios can also be strongly affected by the Houston urban pollution plume, leading to late afternoon ozone increases of as high as 50 ppb above background under favorable transport conditions. The trajectory analysis also shows that ozone background increases steadily the longer a southern air mass resides over Texas after entering from the Gulf of Mexico. In light of these and other TexAQS findings, it appears that ozone air quality is affected throughout east Texas by both long-range and regional ozone transport, and that improvements therefore will require at least a regionally oriented instead of the current locally oriented ozone precursor reduction policies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunnar W Schade
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas 77843, USA.
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20
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Chen F, Miao S, Tewari M, Bao JW, Kusaka H. A numerical study of interactions between surface forcing and sea breeze circulations and their effects on stagnation in the greater Houston area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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21
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Robinson R, Gardiner T, Innocenti F, Woods P, Coleman M. Infrared differential absorption Lidar (DIAL) measurements of hydrocarbon emissions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 13:2213-20. [DOI: 10.1039/c0em00312c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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22
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Xiao X, Cohan DS, Byun DW, Ngan F. Highly nonlinear ozone formation in the Houston region and implications for emission controls. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd014435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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23
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Zaveri RA, Voss PB, Berkowitz CM, Fortner E, Zheng J, Zhang R, Valente RJ, Tanner RL, Holcomb D, Hartley TP, Baran L. Overnight atmospheric transport and chemical processing of photochemically aged Houston urban and petrochemical industrial plume. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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24
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Zhang Y, Pan Y, Wang K, Fast JD, Grell GA. WRF/Chem-MADRID: Incorporation of an aerosol module into WRF/Chem and its initial application to the TexAQS2000 episode. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Washenfelder RA, Trainer M, Frost GJ, Ryerson TB, Atlas EL, de Gouw JA, Flocke FM, Fried A, Holloway JS, Parrish DD, Peischl J, Richter D, Schauffler SM, Walega JG, Warneke C, Weibring P, Zheng W. Characterization of NOx, SO2, ethene, and propene from industrial emission sources in Houston, Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd013645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Rivera C, Mellqvist J, Samuelsson J, Lefer B, Alvarez S, Patel MR. Quantification of NO2and SO2emissions from the Houston Ship Channel and Texas City industrial areas during the 2006 Texas Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd012675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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28
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Mellqvist J, Samuelsson J, Johansson J, Rivera C, Lefer B, Alvarez S, Jolly J. Measurements of industrial emissions of alkenes in Texas using the solar occultation flux method. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2010. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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29
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Olaguer EP, Rappenglück B, Lefer B, Stutz J, Dibb J, Griffin R, Brune WH, Shauck M, Buhr M, Jeffries H, Vizuete W, Pinto JP. Deciphering the role of radical precursors during the Second Texas Air Quality Study. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2009; 59:1258-1277. [PMID: 19947108 DOI: 10.3155/1047-3289.59.11.1258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The Texas Environmental Research Consortium (TERC) funded significant components of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II), including the TexAQS II Radical and Aerosol Measurement Project (TRAMP) and instrumented flights by a Piper Aztec aircraft. These experiments called attention to the role of short-lived radical sources such as formaldehyde (HCHO) and nitrous acid (HONO) in increasing ozone productivity. TRAMP instruments recorded daytime HCHO pulses as large as 32 parts per billion (ppb) originating from upwind industrial activities in the Houston Ship Channel, where in situ surface monitors detected HCHO peaks as large as 52 ppb. Moreover, Ship Channel petrochemical flares were observed to produce plumes of apparent primary HCHO. In one such combustion plume that was depleted of ozone by large emissions of oxides of nitrogen (NOx), the Piper Aztec measured a ratio of HCHO to carbon monoxide (CO) 3 times that of mobile sources. HCHO from uncounted primary sources or ozonolysis of underestimated olefin emissions could significantly increase ozone productivity in Houston beyond previous expectations. Simulations with the CAMx model show that additional emissions of HCHO from industrial flares or mobile sources can increase peak ozone in Houston by up to 30 ppb. Other findings from TexAQS II include significant concentrations of HONO throughout the day, well in excess of current air quality model predictions, with large nocturnal vertical gradients indicating a surface or near-surface source of HONO, and large concentrations of nighttime radicals (approximately30 parts per trillion [ppt] HO2). HONO may be formed heterogeneously on urban canopy or particulate matter surfaces and may be enhanced by organic aerosol of industrial or motor vehicular origin, such as through conversion of nitric acid (HNO3). Additional HONO sources may increase daytime ozone by more than 10 ppb. Improving the representation of primary and secondary HCHO and HONO in air quality models could enhance the simulated effectiveness of control strategies.
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Parrish DD, Allen DT, Bates TS, Estes M, Fehsenfeld FC, Feingold G, Ferrare R, Hardesty RM, Meagher JF, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Pierce RB, Ryerson TB, Seinfeld JH, Williams EJ. Overview of the Second Texas Air Quality Study (TexAQS II) and the Gulf of Mexico Atmospheric Composition and Climate Study (GoMACCS). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2009jd011842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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31
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McKeen S, Grell G, Peckham S, Wilczak J, Djalalova I, Hsie EY, Frost G, Peischl J, Schwarz J, Spackman R, Holloway J, de Gouw J, Warneke C, Gong W, Bouchet V, Gaudreault S, Racine J, McHenry J, McQueen J, Lee P, Tang Y, Carmichael GR, Mathur R. An evaluation of real-time air quality forecasts and their urban emissions over eastern Texas during the summer of 2006 Second Texas Air Quality Study field study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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32
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Gilman JB, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Herndon SC, Zahniser MS, Tucker SC, Brewer WA, Lerner BM, Williams EJ, Harley RA, Fehsenfeld FC, Warneke C, de Gouw JA. Measurements of volatile organic compounds during the 2006 TexAQS/GoMACCS campaign: Industrial influences, regional characteristics, and diurnal dependencies of the OH reactivity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd011525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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33
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De Gouw JA, te Lintel Hekkert S, Mellqvist J, Warneke C, Atlas EL, Fehsenfeld FC, Fried A, Frost GJ, Harren FJM, Holloway JS, Lefer B, Lueb R, Meagher JF, Parrish DD, Patel M, Pope L, Richter D, Rivera C, Ryerson TB, Samuelsson J, Walega J, Washenfelder RA, Weibring P, Zhu X. Airborne measurements of ethene from industrial sources using laser photo-acoustic spectroscopy. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:2437-42. [PMID: 19452898 DOI: 10.1021/es802701a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
A laser photoacoustic spectroscopy (LPAS) instrument was developed and used for aircraft measurements of ethene from industrial sources near Houston, Texas. The instrument provided 20 s measurements with a detection limit of less than 0.7 ppbv. Data from this instrument and from the GC-FID analysis of air samples collected in flight agreed within 15% on average. Ethene fluxes from the Mt. Belvieu chemical complex to the northeast of Houston were quantified during 10 different flights. The average flux was 520 +/- 140 kg h(-1) in agreement with independent results from solar occultation flux (SOF) measurements, and roughly an order of magnitude higher than regulatory emission inventories indicate. This study shows that ethene emissions are routinely at levels that qualify as emission upsets, which need to be reported to regional air quality managers.
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Affiliation(s)
- J A De Gouw
- NOAA Earth System Research Laboratory, Boulder, CO, CIRES, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO, USA.
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34
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Liu Y, Shao M, Kuster WC, Goldan PD, Li X, Lu S, de Gouw JA. Source identification of reactive hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs in the summertime in Beijing. Environ Sci Technol 2009; 43:75-81. [PMID: 19209587 DOI: 10.1021/es801716n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
It is important to identify the sources of reactive volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in Beijing for effective ground-level ozone abatement. In this paper, semihourly measurements of hydrocarbons and oxygenated VOCs (OVOCs) were taken at an urban site in Beijing in August2005. C2-C5 alkenes, isoprene, and C1-C3 aldehydes were determined as "key reactive species" by their OH loss rates. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to define the major sources of reactive species and to classify the dominant air mass types at the sampling site. Vehicle exhaust was the largest contributor to reactive alkenes. More aged air masses with enriched OVOCs traveled mainly from the east or southeast of Beijing. The OVOC sources were estimated by a least-squares fit approach and included primary emissions, secondary sources, and background. Approximately half of the C1-C3 aldehydes were attributed to secondary sources, while regional background accounted for 21-23% of the mixing ratios of aldehydes. Primary anthropogenic emissions were comparable to biogenic contributions (10-16%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Liu
- State Joint Key Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Peking University, Beijing, China
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35
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Jiang X, Wiedinmyer C, Chen F, Yang ZL, Lo JCF. Predicted impacts of climate and land use change on surface ozone in the Houston, Texas, area. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jd009820] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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36
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Fried A, Olson JR, Walega JG, Crawford JH, Chen G, Weibring P, Richter D, Roller C, Tittel F, Porter M, Fuelberg H, Halland J, Bertram TH, Cohen RC, Pickering K, Heikes BG, Snow JA, Shen H, O'Sullivan DW, Brune WH, Ren X, Blake DR, Blake N, Sachse G, Diskin GS, Podolske J, Vay SA, Shetter RE, Hall SR, Anderson BE, Thornhill L, Clarke AD, McNaughton CS, Singh HB, Avery MA, Huey G, Kim S, Millet DB. Role of convection in redistributing formaldehyde to the upper troposphere over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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37
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Fried A, Walega JG, Olson JR, Crawford JH, Chen G, Weibring P, Richter D, Roller C, Tittel FK, Heikes BG, Snow JA, Shen H, O'Sullivan DW, Porter M, Fuelberg H, Halland J, Millet DB. Formaldehyde over North America and the North Atlantic during the summer 2004 INTEX campaign: Methods, observed distributions, and measurement-model comparisons. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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38
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de Gouw JA, Brock CA, Atlas EL, Bates TS, Fehsenfeld FC, Goldan PD, Holloway JS, Kuster WC, Lerner BM, Matthew BM, Middlebrook AM, Onasch TB, Peltier RE, Quinn PK, Senff CJ, Stohl A, Sullivan AP, Trainer M, Warneke C, Weber RJ, Williams EJ. Sources of particulate matter in the northeastern United States in summer: 1. Direct emissions and secondary formation of organic matter in urban plumes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008. [DOI: 10.1029/2007jd009243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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39
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohui Li
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Renyi Zhang
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Jiwen Fan
- Department of Atmospheric Sciences; Texas A&M University; College Station Texas USA
| | - Xuexi Tie
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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40
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Zhang F, Bei N, Nielsen-Gammon JW, Li G, Zhang R, Stuart A, Aksoy A. Impacts of meteorological uncertainties on ozone pollution predictability estimated through meteorological and photochemical ensemble forecasts. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jd007429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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41
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Abstract
Abstract
The city of Houston, Texas, is near a complex coastline and numerous petrochemical plants, the combination of which plays a large role in Houston’s air pollution events. It has long been known that the thermally driven afternoon onshore flow (sea breeze or gulf breeze) transports ozone-rich air inland. As a way of quantifying the role of the gulf breeze in Houston’s high-ozone events, cluster analysis of hourly averaged surface winds from a regional network of meteorological sensors was performed for 27 summer days of 2000, with the dates coinciding with the Texas Air Quality Study 2000 (TexAQS 2000). Hourly averaged winds were partitioned into 16 independent clusters, or wind patterns, while simultaneously keeping track of the maximum ozone in the network for each hour. Clusters emerged that represented various wind patterns, including thermally driven flows, stagnant winds, and a thunderstorm outflow. All clusters were used to assess which wind patterns were most likely to be coincident with the maximum ozone of the day. High ozone was most likely to occur with clusters representing the gulf breeze. Clusters occurring before the ozone maximum of the day were analyzed to determine which sequences of wind patterns were most likely to precede high ozone. A transition from offshore flow to onshore flow, with at least 1 h of stagnant winds in between, routinely occurred in the 6 h preceding ozone measurements reaching ≥ 120 parts per billion by volume (ppbv). On nontransition days with high ozone, ozone maxima ≥ 120 ppbv often occurred the hour after a wind direction shift of greater than about 45°.
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42
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Riedel K. Discrepancies between formaldehyde measurements and methane oxidation model predictions in the Antarctic troposphere: An assessment of other possible formaldehyde sources. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jd005859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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43
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44
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Goldan PD, Kuster WC, Williams E, Murphy PC, Fehsenfeld FC, Meagher J. Nonmethane hydrocarbon and oxy hydrocarbon measurements during the 2002 New England Air Quality Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Paul D. Goldan
- Aeronomy Laboratory; U.S. Department of Commerce; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - William C. Kuster
- Aeronomy Laboratory; U.S. Department of Commerce; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Eric Williams
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Paul C. Murphy
- Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences; University of Colorado; Boulder Colorado USA
| | | | - James Meagher
- Aeronomy Laboratory; U.S. Department of Commerce; Boulder Colorado USA
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45
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Martin RV. Evaluation of GOME satellite measurements of tropospheric NO2and HCHO using regional data from aircraft campaigns in the southeastern United States. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2004jd004869] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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46
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Rosen RS. Observations of total alkyl nitrates during Texas Air Quality Study 2000: Implications for O3and alkyl nitrate photochemistry. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1029/2003jd004227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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47
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48
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49
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Affiliation(s)
- Jörg Trentmann
- Biogeochemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
- Now at Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Meinrat O. Andreae
- Biogeochemistry DepartmentMax Planck Institute for Chemistry Mainz Germany
| | - Hans‐F. Graf
- Max Planck Institute for Meteorology Hamburg Germany
- Now at Department of Geography, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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50
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Brock CA, Trainer M, Ryerson TB, Neuman JA, Parrish DD, Holloway JS, Nicks DK, Frost GJ, Hübler G, Fehsenfeld FC, Wilson JC, Reeves JM, Lafleur BG, Hilbert H, Atlas EL, Donnelly SG, Schauffler SM, Stroud VR, Wiedinmyer C. Particle growth in urban and industrial plumes in Texas. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2003. [DOI: 10.1029/2002jd002746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Charles A. Brock
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Michael Trainer
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Thomas B. Ryerson
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Andrew Neuman
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - David D. Parrish
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - John S. Holloway
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Dennis K. Nicks
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Gregory J. Frost
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Gerhard Hübler
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Fred C. Fehsenfeld
- Aeronomy Laboratory; National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - J. Charles Wilson
- Department of Engineering; University of Denver; Denver Colorado USA
| | - J. Michael Reeves
- Department of Engineering; University of Denver; Denver Colorado USA
| | | | - Henrike Hilbert
- Department of Engineering; University of Denver; Denver Colorado USA
| | - Elliot L. Atlas
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Stephen G. Donnelly
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Sue M. Schauffler
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Verity R. Stroud
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
| | - Christine Wiedinmyer
- Atmospheric Chemistry Division; National Center for Atmospheric Research; Boulder Colorado USA
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