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Ding J, Zhu Q, Li H, Zhou X, Liu W, Peng C. Contribution of Incorporating the Phosphorus Cycle into TRIPLEX-CNP to Improve the Quantification of Land Carbon Cycle. Land 2022; 11:778. [DOI: 10.3390/land11060778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is a key and a limiting nutrient in ecosystems and plays an important role in many physiological and biochemical processes, affecting both terrestrial ecosystem productivity and soil carbon storage. However, only a few global land surface models have incorporated P cycle and used to investigate the interactions of C-N-P and its limitation on terrestrial ecosystems. The overall objective of this study was to integrate the P cycle and its interaction with carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) into new processes model of TRIPLEX-CNP. In this study, key processes of the P cycle, including P pool sizes and fluxes in plant, litter, and soil were integrated into a new model framework, TRIPLEX-CNP. We also added dynamic P:C ratios for different ecosystems. Based on sensitivity analysis results, we identified the phosphorus resorption coefficient of leaf (rpleaf) as the most influential parameter to gross primary productivity (GPP) and biomass, and determined optimal coefficients for different plant functional types (PFTs). TRIPLEX-CNP was calibrated with 49 sites and validated against 116 sites across eight biomes globally. The results suggested that TRIPLEX-CNP performed well on simulating the global GPP and soil organic carbon (SOC) with respective R2 values of 0.85 and 0.78 (both p < 0.01) between simulated and observed values. The R2 of simulation and observation of total biomass are 0.67 (p < 0.01) by TRIPLEX-CNP. The overall model performance had been improved in global GPP, total biomass and SOC after adding the P cycle comparing with the earlier version. Our work represents the promising step toward new coupled ecosystem process models for improving the quantifications of land carbon cycle and reducing uncertainty.
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Huang B, Yang Y, Li R, Zheng H, Wang X, Wang X, Zhang Y. Integrating Remotely Sensed Leaf Area Index with Biome-BGC to Quantify the Impact of Land Use/Land Cover Change on Water Retention in Beijing. Remote Sensing 2022; 14:743. [DOI: 10.3390/rs14030743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Maintaining or increasing water retention in ecosystems (WRE) can reduce floods and increase water resource provision. However, few studies have taken the effect of the spatial information of vegetation structure into consideration when assessing the effects of land use/land cover (LULC) change on WRE. In this study, we integrated the remotely sensed leaf area index (LAI) into the ecosystem process-based Biome-BGC model to analyse the impact of LULC change on the WRE of Beijing between 2000 and 2015. Our results show that the volume of WRE increased by approximately 8.58 million m3 in 2015 as compared with 2000. The volume of WRE in forests increased by approximately 26.74 million m3, while urbanization, cropland expansion and deforestation caused the volume of WRE to decline by 11.96 million m3, 5.86 million m3 and 3.20 million m3, respectively. The increased WRE contributed by unchanged forests (14.46 million m3) was much greater than that of new-planted forests (12.28 million m3), but the increase in WRE capacity per unit area in new-planted forests (124.69 ± 14.30 m3/ha) was almost tenfold greater than that of unchanged forests (15.60 ± 7.85 m3/ha). The greater increase in WRE capacity in increased forests than that of unchanged forests was mostly due to the fact that the higher LAI in unchanged forests induced more evapotranspiration to exhaust more water. Meanwhile, the inverted U-shape relationship that existed between the forest LAI and WRE implied that continued increased LAI in forests probably caused the WRE decline. This study demonstrates that integrating remotely sensed LAI with the Biome-BGC model is feasible for capturing the impact of LULC change with the spatial information of vegetation structure on WRE and reduces uncertainty.
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Miyauchi T, Machimura T, Saito M. Estimating carbon fixation of plant organs for afforestation monitoring using a process-based ecosystem model and ecophysiological parameter optimization. Ecol Evol 2019; 9:8025-8041. [PMID: 31380069 PMCID: PMC6662426 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.5328] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2018] [Revised: 04/07/2019] [Accepted: 05/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Afforestation projects for mitigating CO2 emissions require to monitor the carbon fixation and plant growth as key indicators. We proposed a monitoring method for predicting carbon fixation in afforestation projects, combining a process-based ecosystem model and field data and addressed the uncertainty of predicted carbon fixation and ecophysiological characteristics with plant growth. Carbon pools were simulated using the Biome-BGC model tuned by parameter optimization using measured carbon density of biomass pools on an 11-year-old Eucommia ulmoides plantation on Loess Plateau, China. The allocation parameters fine root carbon to leaf carbon (FRC:LC) and stem carbon to leaf carbon (SC:LC), along with specific leaf area (SLA) and maximum stomatal conductance (g smax) strongly affected aboveground woody (AC) and leaf carbon (LC) density in sensitivity analysis and were selected as adjusting parameters. We assessed the uncertainty of carbon fixation and plant growth predictions by modeling three growth phases with corresponding parameters: (i) before afforestation using default parameters, (ii) early monitoring using parameters optimized with data from years 1 to 5, and (iii) updated monitoring at year 11 using parameters optimized with 11-year data. The predicted carbon fixation and optimized parameters differed in the three phases. Overall, 30-year average carbon fixation rate in plantation (AC, LC, belowground woody parts and soil pools) was ranged 0.14-0.35 kg-C m-2 y-1 in simulations using parameters of phases (i)-(iii). Updating parameters by periodic field surveys reduced the uncertainty and revealed changes in ecophysiological characteristics with plant growth. This monitoring method should support management of afforestation projects by carbon fixation estimation adapting to observation gap, noncommon species and variable growing conditions such as climate change, land use change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatsuya Miyauchi
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Machimura
- Division of Sustainable Energy and Environmental Engineering, Graduate School of EngineeringOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Makoto Saito
- Center for Global Environmental ResearchNational Institute for Environmental StudiesTsukubaJapan
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Du J, Kimball JS, Reichle RH, Jones LA, Watts JD, Kim Y. Global Satellite Retrievals of the Near-Surface Atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit from AMSR-E and AMSR2. Remote Sens (Basel) 2018; 10:1175. [PMID: 30505569 PMCID: PMC6258077 DOI: 10.3390/rs10081175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Near-surface atmospheric Vapor Pressure Deficit (VPD) is a key environmental variable affecting vegetation water stress, evapotranspiration, and atmospheric moisture demand. Although VPD is readily derived from in situ standard weather station measurements, more spatially continuous global observations for regional monitoring of VPD are lacking. Here, we document a new method to estimate daily (both a.m. and p.m.) global land surface VPD at a 25-km resolution using a satellite passive microwave remotely sensed Land Parameter Data Record (LPDR) derived from the Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer (AMSR) sensors. The AMSR-derived VPD record shows strong correspondence (correlation coefficient ≥ 0.80, p-value < 0.001) and overall good performance (0.48 kPa ≤ Root Mean Square Error ≤ 0.69 kPa) against independent VPD observations from the Modern-Era Retrospective analysis for Research and Applications, Version 2 (MERRA-2) data. The estimated AMSR VPD retrieval uncertainties vary with land cover type, satellite observation time, and underlying LPDR data quality. These results provide new satellite capabilities for global mapping and monitoring of land surface VPD dynamics from ongoing AMSR2 operations. Overall good accuracy and similar observations from both AMSR2 and AMSR-E allow for the development of climate data records documenting recent (from 2002) VPD trends and potential impacts on vegetation, land surface evaporation, and energy budgets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyang Du
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - John S. Kimball
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | | | - Lucas A. Jones
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
| | - Jennifer D. Watts
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
- Woods Hole Research Center, Falmouth, MA 02540, USA
| | - Youngwook Kim
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, W.A. Franke College of Forestry and Conservation, The University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59812, USA
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Battista P, Chiesi M, Fibbi L, Gardin L, Rapi B, Romanelli S, Romani M, Sabatini F, Salerni E, Perini C, Maselli F. Simulation of Soil Water Content in Mediterranean Ecosystems by Biogeochemical and Remote Sensing Models. Water 2018; 10:665. [DOI: 10.3390/w10050665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Yan M, Tian X, Li Z, Chen E, Wang X, Han Z, Sun H. Simulation of Forest Carbon Fluxes Using Model Incorporation and Data Assimilation. Remote Sensing 2016; 8:567. [DOI: 10.3390/rs8070567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
The Tibetan Plateau (TP) is experiencing high rates of climatic change. We present a novel combined mechanistic-bioclimatic modeling approach to determine how changes in precipitation and temperature on the TP may impact net primary production (NPP) in four major biomes (forest, shrub, grass, desert) and if there exists a maximum rain use efficiency (RUE(MAX)) that represents Huxman et al.'s "boundary that constrain[s] site-level productivity and efficiency." We used a daily mechanistic ecosystem model to generate 40-yr outputs using observed climatic data for scenarios of decreased precipitation (25-100%); increased air temperature (1 degrees - 6 degrees C); simultaneous changes in both precipitation (+/- 50%, +/- 25%) and air temperature (+1 to +6 degrees C) and increased interannual variability (IAV) of precipitation (+1 sigma to +3 sigma, with fixed means, where sigma is SD). We fitted model output from these scenarios to Huxman et al.'s RUE(MAX) bioclimatic model, NPP = alpha + RUE x PPT (where alpha is the intercept, RUE is rain use efficiency, and PPT is annual precipitation). Based on these analyses, we conclude that there is strong support (when not explicit, then trend-wise) for Huxman et al.'s assertion that biomes converge to a common RUE(MAX) during the driest years at a site, thus representing the boundary for highest rain use efficiency; the interactive effects of simultaneously decreasing precipitation and increasing temperature on NPP for the TP is smaller than might be expected from additive, single-factor changes in these drivers; and that increasing IAV of precipitation may ultimately have a larger impact on biomes of the Tibetan Plateau than changing amounts of rainfall and air temperature alone.
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Eastaugh C, Hasenauer H. Deriving forest fire ignition risk with biogeochemical process modelling. Environ Model Softw 2014; 55:132-142. [PMID: 26109905 PMCID: PMC4461190 DOI: 10.1016/j.envsoft.2014.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 01/04/2014] [Accepted: 01/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Climate impacts the growth of trees and also affects disturbance regimes such as wildfire frequency. The European Alps have warmed considerably over the past half-century, but incomplete records make it difficult to definitively link alpine wildfire to climate change. Complicating this is the influence of forest composition and fuel loading on fire ignition risk, which is not considered by purely meteorological risk indices. Biogeochemical forest growth models track several variables that may be used as proxies for fire ignition risk. This study assesses the usefulness of the ecophysiological model BIOME-BGC's 'soil water' and 'labile litter carbon' variables in predicting fire ignition. A brief application case examines historic fire occurrence trends over pre-defined regions of Austria from 1960 to 2008. Results show that summer fire ignition risk is largely a function of low soil moisture, while winter fire ignitions are linked to the mass of volatile litter and atmospheric dryness.
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Affiliation(s)
- C.S. Eastaugh
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur, Peter-Jordan Str. 82, A-1190 Wien, Austria
- School of Environment, Science and Engineering, Southern Cross University, PO Box 157, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - H. Hasenauer
- Institute of Silviculture, Department of Forest and Soil Sciences, Universität für Bodenkultur, Peter-Jordan Str. 82, A-1190 Wien, Austria
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Park H, Iijima Y, Yabuki H, Ohta T, Walsh J, Kodama Y, Ohata T. The application of a coupled hydrological and biogeochemical model (CHANGE) for modeling of energy, water, and CO2exchanges over a larch forest in eastern Siberia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1029/2010jd015386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Jahan N, Gan TY. Modeling gross primary production of deciduous forest using remotely sensed radiation and ecosystem variables. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Govind A, Chen JM, Ju W. Spatially explicit simulation of hydrologically controlled carbon and nitrogen cycles and associated feedback mechanisms in a boreal ecosystem. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1029/2008jg000728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ajit Govind
- Department of Geography; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Jing Ming Chen
- Department of Geography; University of Toronto; Toronto, Ontario Canada
| | - Weimin Ju
- International Institute for Earth System Sciences; Nanjing University; Nanjing China
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Migliavacca M, Meroni M, Busetto L, Colombo R, Zenone T, Matteucci G, Manca G, Seufert G. Modeling gross primary production of agro-forestry ecosystems by assimilation of satellite-derived information in a process-based model. Sensors (Basel) 2009; 9:922-42. [PMID: 22399948 PMCID: PMC3280840 DOI: 10.3390/s90200922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/12/2009] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
In this paper we present results obtained in the framework of a regional-scale analysis of the carbon budget of poplar plantations in Northern Italy. We explored the ability of the process-based model BIOME-BGC to estimate the gross primary production (GPP) using an inverse modeling approach exploiting eddy covariance and satellite data. We firstly present a version of BIOME-BGC coupled with the radiative transfer models PROSPECT and SAILH (named PROSAILH-BGC) with the aims of i) improving the BIOME-BGC description of the radiative transfer regime within the canopy and ii) allowing the assimilation of remotely-sensed vegetation index time series, such as MODIS NDVI, into the model. Secondly, we present a two-step model inversion for optimization of model parameters. In the first step, some key ecophysiological parameters were optimized against data collected by an eddy covariance flux tower. In the second step, important information about phenological dates and about standing biomass were optimized against MODIS NDVI. Results obtained showed that the PROSAILH-BGC allowed simulation of MODIS NDVI with good accuracy and that we described better the canopy radiation regime. The inverse modeling approach was demonstrated to be useful for the optimization of ecophysiological model parameters, phenological dates and parameters related to the standing biomass, allowing good accuracy of daily and annual GPP predictions. In summary, this study showed that assimilation of eddy covariance and remote sensing data in a process model may provide important information for modeling gross primary production at regional scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mirco Migliavacca
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Michele Meroni
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Busetto
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
- Institute on Atmospheric Pollution (IIA), National Research Council (CNR), Roma, Italy
| | - Roberto Colombo
- Remote Sensing of Environmental Dynamics Lab., DISAT, University of Milano-Bicocca, Milano, Italy
| | - Terenzio Zenone
- Department of Forest Science and Environment, University of Tuscia, 01100 Viterbo, Italy
- European Commission, DG-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Giorgio Matteucci
- European Commission, DG-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, Ispra (VA), Italy
- Institute for Mediterranean Agricultural and Forest Systems, National Research Council, Rende (CS), Italy
| | - Giovanni Manca
- European Commission, DG-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, Ispra (VA), Italy
| | - Guenther Seufert
- European Commission, DG-JRC, Institute for Environment and Sustainability, Climate Change Unit, Ispra (VA), Italy
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Xu C, Liu M, An S, Chen JM, Yan P. Assessing the impact of urbanization on regional net primary productivity in Jiangyin County, China. J Environ Manage 2007; 85:597-606. [PMID: 17234324 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2006.08.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2005] [Revised: 08/23/2006] [Accepted: 08/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is one of the most important aspects of global change. The process of urbanization has a significant impact on the terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycle. The Yangtze Delta region has one of the highest rates of urbanization in China. In this study, carried out in Jiangyin County as a representative region within the Yangtze Delta, land use and land cover changes were estimated using Landsat TM and ETM+ imagery. With these satellite data and the BEPS process model (Boreal Ecosystem Productivity Simulator), the impacts of urbanization on regional net primary productivity (NPP) and annual net primary production were assessed for 1991 and 2002. Landsat-based land cover maps in 1991 and 2002 showed that urban development encroached large areas of cropland and forest. Expansion of residential areas and reduction of vegetated areas were the major forms of land transformation in Jiangyin County during this period. Mean NPP of the total area decreased from 818 to 699 gCm(-2)yr(-1) during the period of 1991 to 2002. NPP of cropland was only reduced by 2.7% while forest NPP was reduced by 9.3%. Regional annual primary production decreased from 808 GgC in 1991 to 691 GgC in 2002, a reduction of 14.5%. Land cover changes reduced regional NPP directly, and the increasing intensity and frequency of human-induced disturbance in the urbanized areas could be the main reason for the decrease in forest NPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Xu
- Laboratory of Forest Ecology and Global Changes, School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Hankou Road 22, Nanjing 210093, PR China
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Affiliation(s)
- R. F. Grant
- Department of Renewable Resources; University of Alberta; Edmonton, Alberta Canada
| | - L. B. Flanagan
- Department of Biological Sciences; University of Lethbridge; Lethbridge, Alberta Canada
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Mu Q, Zhao M, Heinsch FA, Liu M, Tian H, Running SW. Evaluating water stress controls on primary production in biogeochemical and remote sensing based models. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007. [DOI: 10.1029/2006jg000179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Grant R, Zhang Y, Yuan F, Wang S, Hanson P, Gaumont-Guay D, Chen J, Black T, Barr A, Baldocchi D, Arain A. Intercomparison of techniques to model water stress effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal deciduous forests. Ecol Modell 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2006.02.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Engstrom R, Hope A, Kwon H, Harazono Y, Mano M, Oechel W. Modeling evapotranspiration in Arctic coastal plain ecosystems using a modified BIOME-BGC model. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2006. [DOI: 10.1029/2005jg000102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Engstrom
- Department of Geography; George Washington University; Washington, D. C. USA
| | - Allen Hope
- Department of Geography; San Diego State University; San Diego California USA
| | - Hyojung Kwon
- Department of Botany; University of Wyoming; Laramie Wyoming USA
| | - Yoshinobu Harazono
- International Arctic Research Center; University of Alaska; Fairbanks Alaska USA
| | - Masayoshi Mano
- National Institute for Agro-Environmental Sciences; Tsukuba Japan
| | - Walter Oechel
- Global Change Research Group, Department of Biology; San Diego State University; San Diego California USA
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Kang S, Kimball JS, Running SW. Simulating effects of fire disturbance and climate change on boreal forest productivity and evapotranspiration. Sci Total Environ 2006; 362:85-102. [PMID: 16364407 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2005.11.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2005] [Revised: 10/28/2005] [Accepted: 11/01/2005] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
We used a terrestrial ecosystem process model, BIOME-BGC, to investigate historical climate change and fire disturbance effects on regional carbon and water budgets within a 357,500 km(2) portion of the Canadian boreal forest. Historical patterns of increasing atmospheric CO2, climate change, and regional fire activity were used as model drivers to evaluate the relative effects of these impacts to spatial patterns and temporal trends in forest net primary production (NPP) and evapotranspiration (ET). Historical trends of increasing atmospheric CO2 resulted in overall 13% and 5% increases in annual NPP and ET from 1994 to 1996, respectively. NPP was found to be relatively sensitive to changes in air temperature (T(a)), while ET was more sensitive to precipitation (P) change within the ranges of observed climate variability (e.g., +/-2 degrees C for T(a) and +/-20% for P). In addition, the potential effect of climate change related warming on NPP is exacerbated or offset depending on whether these changes are accompanied by respective decreases or increases in precipitation. Historical fire activity generally resulted in reductions of both NPP and ET, which consumed an average of approximately 6% of annual NPP from 1959 to 1996. Areas currently occupied by dry conifer forests were found to be subject to more frequent fire activity, which consumed approximately 8% of annual NPP. The results of this study show that the North American boreal ecosystem is sensitive to historical patterns of increasing atmospheric CO2, climate change and regional fire activity. The relative impacts of these disturbances on NPP and ET interact in complex ways and are spatially variable depending on regional land cover and climate gradients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sinkyu Kang
- Department of Environmental Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon, Kangwon-do 200-701, South Korea.
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Grant R, Arain A, Arora V, Barr A, Black T, Chen J, Wang S, Yuan F, Zhang Y. Intercomparison of techniques to model high temperature effects on CO2 and energy exchange in temperate and boreal coniferous forests. Ecol Modell 2005. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ecolmodel.2005.01.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kang S, Lee D, Lee J, Running SW. Topographic and climatic controls on soil environments and net primary production in a rugged temperate hardwood forest in Korea. Ecol Res 2005. [DOI: 10.1007/s11284-005-0095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Milesi C, Running SW, Elvidge CD, Dietz JB, Tuttle BT, Nemani RR. Mapping and modeling the biogeochemical cycling of turf grasses in the United States. Environ Manage 2005; 36:426-38. [PMID: 16086109 DOI: 10.1007/s00267-004-0316-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Turf grasses are ubiquitous in the urban landscape of the United States and are often associated with various types of environmental impacts, especially on water resources, yet there have been limited efforts to quantify their total surface and ecosystem functioning, such as their total impact on the continental water budget and potential net ecosystem exchange (NEE). In this study, relating turf grass area to an estimate of fractional impervious surface area, it was calculated that potentially 163,800 km2 (+/- 35,850 km2) of land are cultivated with turf grasses in the continental United States, an area three times larger than that of any irrigated crop. Using the Biome-BGC ecosystem process model, the growth of warm-season and cool-season turf grasses was modeled at a number of sites across the 48 conterminous states under different management scenarios, simulating potential carbon and water fluxes as if the entire turf surface was to be managed like a well-maintained lawn. The results indicate that well-watered and fertilized turf grasses act as a carbon sink. The potential NEE that could derive from the total surface potentially under turf (up to 17 Tg C/yr with the simulated scenarios) would require up to 695 to 900 liters of water per person per day, depending on the modeled water irrigation practices, suggesting that outdoor water conservation practices such as xeriscaping and irrigation with recycled waste-water may need to be extended as many municipalities continue to face increasing pressures on freshwater.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Milesi
- Numerical Terradynamic Simulation Group, College of Forestry and Conservation, University of Montana, Missoula, Montana , 59812, USA.
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Potter CS, Wang S, Nikolov NT, McGuire AD, Liu J, King AW, Kimball JS, Grant RF, Frolking SE, Clein JS, Chen JM, Amthor JS. Comparison of boreal ecosystem model sensitivity to variability in climate and forest site parameters. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd000224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Amthor JS, Chen JM, Clein JS, Frolking SE, Goulden ML, Grant RF, Kimball JS, King AW, McGuire AD, Nikolov NT, Potter CS, Wang S, Wofsy SC. Boreal forest CO2exchange and evapotranspiration predicted by nine ecosystem process models: Intermodel comparisons and relationships to field measurements. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2001. [DOI: 10.1029/2000jd900850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 121] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Kimball JS, Running SW, Saatchi SS. Sensitivity of boreal forest regional water flux and net primary production simulations to sub-grid-scale land cover complexity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1999. [DOI: 10.1029/1999jd900085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Sellers PJ, Hall FG, Kelly RD, Black A, Baldocchi D, Berry J, Ryan M, Ranson KJ, Crill PM, Lettenmaier DP, Margolis H, Cihlar J, Newcomer J, Fitzjarrald D, Jarvis PG, Gower ST, Halliwell D, Williams D, Goodison B, Wickland DE, Guertin FE. BOREAS in 1997: Experiment overview, scientific results, and future directions. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1997. [DOI: 10.1029/97jd03300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 376] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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