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García-Mendoza MC, Parra A, Sánchez-Queija I, Oliveira JE, Coimbra S. Gender Differences in Perceived Family Involvement and Perceived Family Control during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-Country Comparison in Southern Europe. J Child Fam Stud 2022; 31:1007-1018. [PMID: 34720565 PMCID: PMC8541818 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-021-02122-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to explore gender differences in perceived parental involvement and perceived psychological and behavioral control during emerging adulthood in two Southern European countries (Spain and Portugal). Data were collected from 491 Portuguese and 552 Spanish undergraduate emerging adults (53.7 % women and 46.3 % men) aged between 18 and 29 years (M = 20.24 and SD = 2.12). Results indicated that women perceived higher levels of parental involvement than men in both countries, and men perceived more behavioral control than women in Portugal. Furthermore, gender was found to moderate the association between perceived parental involvement and perceived psychological and behavioral control differently in each country. Taken together, our findings suggest that gender-differentiated socialization patterns persist during emerging adulthood and that these patterns may be affected by the sociocultural context.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. C. García-Mendoza
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - A. Parra
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - I. Sánchez-Queija
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, University of Seville, Seville, Spain
| | - J. E. Oliveira
- Department of Geography and Spatial Planning. Faculty of Humanities, Education and Social Sciences, University of Luxembourg, Belval, Luxembourg
| | - S. Coimbra
- Department of Psychology, Faculdade de Psicologia e de Ciências da Educação da Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
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Kalaitzaki A, Tsouvelas G, Koukouli S. Social capital, social support and perceived stress in college students: The role of resilience and life satisfaction. Stress Health 2021; 37:454-465. [PMID: 33206451 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The study examined whether online and offline social capital and offline social support are associated with less perceived stress in 403 undergraduate Greek college students through the mediating role of resilience and life satisfaction. Gender differences were also explored. A path analysis explored the relationships among the study variables and multi-group analysis explored gender differences. Perceived stress was predicted indirectly by offline social support and offline bonding social capital through resilience and life satisfaction and directly by online bonding. However, offline bonding was associated with reduced resilience and life satisfaction, whereas social support was associated with increased levels of both. Interestingly, whereas offline bonding was associated with reduced perceived stress through resilience for women, for men it occurred through life satisfaction, and it was primarily resilience for women and life satisfaction for men that predicted reduced perceived stress. It was concluded that different personal ties/relationships are associated with perceived stress through diversified pathways and the pathways are different for men and women. Offline social support between closely tied persons is positively associated and offline bonding is negatively associated with the inner resources for a person to cope with stress, whereas online bonding is beneficial in directly decreasing stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Argyroula Kalaitzaki
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Social Work Department, School of Health, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
| | - George Tsouvelas
- Department of Nursing, University of West Attica, Egaleo, Greece
| | - Sofia Koukouli
- Laboratory of Interdisciplinary Approaches to the Enhancement of Quality of Life, Social Work Department, School of Health, Hellenic Mediterranean University, Heraklion, Crete, Greece
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Alexander AJ, Bechhofer J, Barry CM, Prenoveau J, Kotchick B. The association between mothering behaviors and empathy in European-American and Asian-American emerging adults. Curr Psychol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-02139-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Rushia SN, Schiff S, Egglefield DA, Motter JN, Grinberg A, Saldana DG, Shehab AAS, Fan J, Sneed JR. Testing the Mechanism of Action of Computerized Cognitive Training in Young Adults with Depression: Protocol for a Blinded, Randomized, Controlled Treatment Trial. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 5:e200014. [PMID: 32743079 DOI: 10.20900/jpbs.20200014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background: Depression is associated with a broad range of cognitive deficits, including processing speed (PS) and executive functioning (EF). Cognitive symptoms commonly persist with the resolution of affective symptoms and increase risk of relapse and recurrence. The cognitive control network is comprised of brain areas implicated in EF and mood regulatory functions. Prior research has demonstrated the effectiveness of computerized cognitive training (CCT) focused on PS and EF in mitigating both cognitive and affective symptoms of depression. Methods: Ninety participants aged 18–29 with a current diagnosis of major depressive disorder or persistent depressive disorder, or a Hamilton Depression Rating Scale score ≥12, will be randomized to either PS/EF CCT, verbal CCT, or waitlist control. Participants in the active groups will complete 15 min of training 5 days/week for 8 weeks. Clinical and neuropsychological assessments will be completed at baseline, week 4, week 8, and 3-month follow-up. Structural and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) will be completed at baseline and week 8. We will compare changes in mood, cognition, daily functioning, and fMRI data. We will explore cognitive control network functioning using resting-state and task-based fMRI. Results: Recruitment began in October 2019; we expect to finish recruitment by April 2022 and subsequently begin data analysis. Conclusions: This study is innovative in that it will include both active and waitlist control conditions and will explore changes in neural activation. Identifying the neural networks associated with improvements following CCT will allow for the development of more precise and effective interventions. Trial Registration: ClinicalTrials.govNCT03869463; https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT03869463.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew G. Nielson
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Development Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona
| | - Sonya Xinyue Xiao
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Development Arizona State University Phoenix Arizona
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García Mendoza MDC, Sánchez Queija I, Parra Jiménez Á. The Role of Parents in Emerging Adults' Psychological Well-Being: A Person-Oriented Approach. Fam Process 2019; 58:954-971. [PMID: 30198562 DOI: 10.1111/famp.12388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to gain an overview of Spanish emerging adults' family relationships and their link with psychological well-being and psychological distress. The sample comprised 1502 undergraduate students (903 women and 599 men) aged between 18 and 29 (M = 20.32 and SD = 2.13), recruited from two universities in Spain. A cluster analysis identified three groups of families based on the centrality of five family variables: parental involvement, parental support for autonomy, parental warmth, behavioral control, and psychological control. The three groups or clusters were labeled high-quality family relationships (HQ), intermediate-quality family relationships (IQ), and low-quality family relationships (LQ). Women were overrepresented in the HQ cluster, whereas men were overrepresented in the IQ cluster. Moreover, emerging adults who perceived better family relationships (high levels of parental involvement, parental support for autonomy and parental warmth, and low levels of behavioral and psychological control) were found to have a higher level of psychological adjustment. Thus, our results indicate that family plays a key role in the psychological well-being of emerging adults. The discussion focuses on the implications of this finding for the parent-child relationship, and explores how it extends our knowledge about family relationships during emerging adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Águeda Parra Jiménez
- Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Universidad de Sevilla, Sevilla, Spain
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8
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Cheshire E, Kaestle CE, Miyazaki Y. The Influence of Parent and Parent-Adolescent Relationship Characteristics on Sexual Trajectories into Adulthood. Arch Sex Behav 2019; 48:893-910. [PMID: 30790205 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-018-1380-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Revised: 12/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
To examine sexual partner acquisition into young adulthood and to explore what characteristics of the adolescent family context might predict this change, we used growth curve modeling to examine data from a nationally representative sample of adolescents followed longitudinally over 13 years through young adulthood (N = 5385). Growth curve modeling allowed us to treat the outcome as a dynamic variable and to examine 10 potential predictors of change while accounting for the nested nature of the data. Six family characteristics emerged as predictors of mean number of partners and rate of partner acquisition, while accounting for three significant adolescent predictors. Living in a single-parent or blended family and general communication about sex predicted higher lifetime number of sexual partners in young adulthood. Parent religiosity, parent disapproval of adolescent engagement in sex, and parent-adolescent connectedness were predictive of lower lifetime number of sexual partners. By following participants into their late twenties and early thirties, we were able to detect changes in the impact of early family factors that are not apparent in studies restricted to adolescents and emerging adults. For example, parent education, parent disapproval, and parent-adolescent connectedness were associated with higher rates of partner acquisition at age 23, but faster deceleration in partner acquisition as time progressed. Communication about negative consequences of sex was not predictive, regardless of whether it was "on time" (before sexual intercourse) or not. These results reveal that parents have significant, and sometimes unexpected, influence on their children's sexual behavior that persists well into adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Cheshire
- Department of Human Development and Family Science (0416), College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA
| | - Christine E Kaestle
- Department of Human Development and Family Science (0416), College of Liberal Arts and Human Sciences, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, 24061, USA.
| | - Yasuo Miyazaki
- Faculty of Leadership, Counseling and Research, School of Education, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, USA
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Schnyders CM, Lane JA. Gender, Parent and Peer Relationships, and Identification With Emerging Adulthood Among College Students. Journal of College Counseling 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/jocc.12106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Joel A. Lane
- Department of Counselor Education, Portland State University
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Abrams LS, Tam CC. Gender Differences in Desistance From Crime: How Do Social Bonds Operate Among Formerly Incarcerated Emerging Adults? Journal of Adolescent Research 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0743558416684955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Life course theory suggests that the social bond of marriage can serve as a pivotal turning point toward the termination of criminal activity, particularly for men. Yet limited research has investigated how young adult men and women utilize social bonds forged outside of marriage to facilitate desistance from crime. This study explored gender differences in how formerly incarcerated emerging adults navigate and utilize their social bonds with peers and romantic partners on the journey toward criminal desistance. Two semi-structured qualitative interviews and a social mapping exercise were conducted with 14 emerging adults (seven men and seven women) with extensive histories of juvenile incarceration. With regard to friends, the young women found peer support often inconsistent, leading to an overarching theme of self-reliance. Some of the young men used peer supports with an overarching theme of reciprocity, while others used peer supports very sparingly in order to avoid contact with criminal associations or potential danger. With regard to romantic partnerships, these relationships proved much more supportive of desistance goals for the young men and the contrary was the case for the young women in heterosexual partnerships. These findings add to a growing literature about the process of desistance for emerging adults.
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Norona JC, Roberson PN, Welsh DP. Rejection sensitivity and depressive symptoms: Longitudinal actor-partner effects in adolescent romantic relationships. J Adolesc 2016; 51:6-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Pauletti RE, Menon M, Cooper PJ, Aults CD, Perry DG. Psychological Androgyny and Children’s Mental Health: A New Look with New Measures. Sex Roles 2017; 76:705-18. [DOI: 10.1007/s11199-016-0627-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Sart ZH, Börkan B, Erkman F, Serbest S. Resilience as a Mediator Between Parental Acceptance-Rejection and Depressive Symptoms Among University Students in Turkey. Journal of Counseling & Development 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/jcad.12076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zeynep Hande Sart
- Department of Educational Sciences; Boğaziçi University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Bengü Börkan
- Department of Educational Sciences; Boğaziçi University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Fatoş Erkman
- Department of Educational Sciences; Boğaziçi University; İstanbul Turkey
| | - Sevla Serbest
- Department of Educational Sciences; Boğaziçi University; İstanbul Turkey
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Pnevmatikos D, Bardos AN. Greek adolescents' intimate relations before their transition to adulthood. J Adolesc 2014; 37:1475-88. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 07/19/2014] [Accepted: 07/29/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Zupančič M, Kavčič T. Student personality traits predicting individuation in relation to mothers and fathers. J Adolesc 2014; 37:715-26. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2013.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2013] [Revised: 11/08/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Hanna KM, Weaver MT, Stump TE, Guthrie D, Oruche UM. Emerging Adults with Type 1 Diabetes during the First Year Post-High School: Perceptions of Parental Behaviors. Emerg Adulthood 2014; 2:128-137. [PMID: 25019036 PMCID: PMC4091844 DOI: 10.1177/2167696813512621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Among 182 emerging adults with type 1 diabetes (93% White and 57% female), changes during the year post-high school were examined in perceptions of diabetes-specific conflict with parents, parent-youth shared responsibility, parental tangible aid, and parental autonomy support, as well as the moderating effects of living situation, gender, years with diabetes, and glycemic control. A linear mixed effects model, controlling for baseline values, tested the changes in and relationships among these variables over time. Changes over time in parent-youth conflict were moderated by living independently of parents; autonomy support and shared responsibility were moderated by years with diabetes; and tangible aid was moderated by glycemic control. Future longitudinal research needs to examine whether changes in parental behaviors lead to positive or negative diabetes outcomes among these emerging adults with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Timothy E Stump
- Indiana University School of Medicine, Department of Biostatistics
| | - Diana Guthrie
- Professor Emeritus University of Kansas School of Medicine - Wichita
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Zupančič M, Komidar L, Levpušček MP. Individuation in Slovene emerging adults: its associations with demographics, transitional markers, achieved criteria for adulthood, and life satisfaction. J Adolesc 2014; 37:1421-33. [PMID: 24767635 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2014.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2013] [Revised: 03/26/2014] [Accepted: 03/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The study investigated associations of Slovene emerging adults' age, gender, living situation, romantic relationship, and employment status with aspects of individuation in relation to mother and father. Controlling for demographic variables and transitional markers of adulthood, we further explored the contribution of individuation measures to individuals' perceptions of achieved criteria for adulthood and life satisfaction. The participants provided self-reports on the Individuation Test for Emerging Adults, the Satisfaction With Life Scale, and the list of Achieved Criteria for Adulthood. Age and living out of parental home were positively associated with self-reliance in relation to both parents, whereas female gender was related to higher levels of connectedness and seeking parental support. Along with age and involvement in a romantic relationship, connectedness and self-reliance predicted adulthood criteria attainment and life satisfaction. The results support the models of individuation that emphasize growing autonomy and retaining connectedness to parents as pathways towards personal adjustments.
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Abstract
O presente artigo procura problematizar a importância das dinâmicas relacionais no crescimento pessoal. Tendo como ponto de partida a teoria da apego, o desenvolvimento pessoal é pautado por processos de separação-individuação; são estes os processos que permitem a construção de um sentido de autonomia. Recentemente o conceito de "adultos emergentes" tem vindo a ganhar destaque, gerindo a discussão em torno dos factores internos e externos que eventualmente potenciam a entrada na adultícia. Pais, irmãos e pares assumem relevância neste processo, o que implica posteriormente um alargamento da rede social ao contexto de trabalho e às relações amorosas. As implicações desta transição serão discutidas à luz do processo de separação-individuação e dos factores moderadores do crescimento pessoal.
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Abstract
This qualitative study explores the future life goals reported by a sample of HIV-positive gay/bisexual male emerging adults. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 54 participants ages 17-24 at four geographically and demographically diverse adolescent HIV medicine programs to explore the content of participants’ goals, perceived obstacles and sources of resilience. We provide descriptive data on goals articulated by participants to begin to understand (1) how gay male emerging adults may differ from the heteronormative samples that have characterized most research on emerging adulthood to date, (2) how living with HIV/AIDS may impact the future life goals of this population, and (3) implications for HIV/AIDS service providers as HIV-positive emerging adults are transitioned from adolescent to adult care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas Bruce
- Adolescent Community Health Research Group, Master of Public Health Program, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL
| | - Gary W. Harper
- Adolescent Community Health Research Group, Master of Public Health Program, Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL
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Ando M. An intervention program focused on self-understanding and interpersonal interactions to prevent psychosocial distress among Japanese university students. J Adolesc 2011; 34:929-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2010] [Revised: 12/18/2010] [Accepted: 12/21/2010] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Domene JF, Socholotiuk KD, Young RA. The Early Stages of the Transition to Adulthood: Similarities and Differences between Mother-Daughter and Mother-Son Dyads. Qualitative Research in Psychology 2011. [DOI: 10.1080/14780880903568022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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Goessling K, Doyle C. Thru the Lenz: Participatory Action Research, Photography, and Creative Process in an Urban High School. Journal of Creativity in Mental Health 2009. [DOI: 10.1080/15401380903375979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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