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Auger N, Douet-Guilbert N, Quessada J, Theisen O, Lafage-Pochitaloff M, Troadec MB. Cytogenetics in the management of myelodysplastic neoplasms (myelodysplastic syndromes, MDS): Guidelines from the groupe francophone de cytogénétique hématologique (GFCH). Curr Res Transl Med 2023; 71:103409. [PMID: 38091642 DOI: 10.1016/j.retram.2023.103409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic neoplasms (MDS) are clonal hematopoietic neoplasms. Chromosomal abnormalities (CAs) are detected in 40-45% of de novo MDS and up to 80% of post-cytotoxic therapy MDS (MDS-pCT). Lately, several changes appeared in World Health Organization (WHO) classification and International Consensus Classification (ICC). The novel 'biallelic TP53 inactivation' (also called 'multi-hit TP53') MDS entity requires systematic investigation of TP53 locus (17p13.1). The ICC maintains CA allowing the diagnosis of MDS without dysplasia (del(5q), del(7q), -7 and complex karyotype). Deletion 5q is the only CA, still representing a low blast class of its own, if isolated or associated with one additional CA other than -7 or del(7q) and without multi-hit TP53. It represents one of the most frequent aberrations in adults' MDS, with chromosome 7 aberrations, and trisomy 8. Conversely, translocations are rarer in MDS. In children, del(5q) is very rare while -7 and del(7q) are predominant. Identification of a germline predisposition is key in childhood MDS. Aberrations of chromosomes 5, 7 and 17 are the most frequent in MDS-pCT, grouped in complex karyotypes. Despite the ever-increasing importance of molecular features, cytogenetics remains a major part of diagnosis and prognosis. In 2022, a molecular international prognostic score (IPSS-M) was proposed, combining the prognostic value of mutated genes to the previous scoring parameters (IPSS-R) including cytogenetics, still essential. A karyotype on bone marrow remains mandatory at diagnosis of MDS with complementary molecular analyses now required. Analyses with FISH or other technologies providing similar information can be necessary to complete and help in case of karyotype failure, for doubtful CA, for clonality assessment, and for detection of TP53 deletion to assess TP53 biallelic alterations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Auger
- Gustave Roussy, Génétique des tumeurs, 144 rue Edouard Vaillant, Villejuif 94805, France
| | - Nathalie Douet-Guilbert
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest F-29200, France; CHRU Brest, Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Service de génétique, Brest, France
| | - Julie Quessada
- Laboratoire de Cytogénétique Hématologique, CHU Timone Aix Marseille University, Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Theisen
- Hematology Biology, Nantes University Hospital, Nantes, France
| | | | - Marie-Bérengère Troadec
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, Brest F-29200, France; CHRU Brest, Laboratoire de Génétique Chromosomique, Service de génétique, Brest, France.
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Veryaskina YA, Titov SE, Kovynev IB, Pospelova TI, Zhimulev IF. Prognostic Markers of Myelodysplastic Syndromes. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 56:E376. [PMID: 32727068 DOI: 10.3390/medicina56080376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 07/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS) is a clonal disease characterized by multilineage dysplasia, peripheral blood cytopenias, and a high risk of transformation to acute myeloid leukemia. In theory, from clonal hematopoiesis of indeterminate potential to hematologic malignancies, there is a complex interplay between genetic and epigenetic factors, including miRNA. In practice, karyotype analysis assigns patients to different prognostic groups, and mutations are often associated with a particular disease phenotype. Among myeloproliferative disorders, secondary MDS is a group of special entities with a typical spectrum of genetic mutations and cytogenetic rearrangements resembling those in de novo MDS. This overview analyzes the present prognostic systems of MDS and the most recent efforts in the search for genetic and epigenetic markers for the diagnosis and prognosis of MDS.
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Bewersdorf JP, Shallis RM, Diadamo A, Gowda L, Podoltsev NA, Siddon A, Zeidan AM. Isolated trisomy 11 in patients with acute myeloid leukemia - is the prognosis not as grim as previously thought? Leuk Lymphoma 2020; 61:2254-2257. [PMID: 32338096 DOI: 10.1080/10428194.2020.1755858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan Philipp Bewersdorf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Rory M Shallis
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Autumn Diadamo
- Department of Genetics, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Lohith Gowda
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Nikolai A Podoltsev
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Alexa Siddon
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Department of Pathology, Section of Hematopathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Amer M Zeidan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Hematology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.,Cancer Outcomes, Public Policy, and Effectiveness Research (COPPER) Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
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Gadji M, Pozzo AR. From cellular morphology to molecular and epigenetic anomalies of myelodysplastic syndromes. Genes Chromosomes Cancer 2018; 58:474-483. [PMID: 30303583 DOI: 10.1002/gcc.22689] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDSs) are a myeloid neoplasm with a propensity for natural evolution or transformation to acute leukemias (AL) over time. Mechanisms for MDS transformation to AL remain poorly understood but are related to genomic instability, which affects the production of the different cell lineages. Genomic instability is also generated by dysfunctional telomeres. Indeed telomeres, the protective ends of chromosomes are the backbone of genome stability. Nuclear telomere remodeling is an early indicator of nuclear remodeling preceding the onset of genomic instability and MDS. This review aims to revisit the pathogenesis and pathophysiology of MDS from morphology and cytogenetics to molecular and epigenetic mechanisms. Furthermore, this review will highlight and discuss recent breakthroughs in dysfunctional telomeres and nuclear telomere architecture roles in the pathogenesis and physiopathology of MDS in the global context of genomic instability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Macoura Gadji
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba (UfM), Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.,Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy, and Odontology (FMPO), Service of Hematology, National Centre of Blood Transfusion (CNTS), University Cheikh Anta Diop of Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Senegal
| | - Aline Rangel Pozzo
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, University of Manitoba (UfM), Research Institute in Oncology and Hematology (RIOH), CancerCare Manitoba (CCMB), Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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Raneros AB, Minguela A, Rodriguez RM, Colado E, Bernal T, Anguita E, Mogorron AV, Gil AC, Vidal-Castiñeira JR, Márquez-Kisinousky L, Bulnes PD, Marin AM, Garay MCG, Suarez-Alvarez B, Lopez-Larrea C. Increasing TIMP3 expression by hypomethylating agents diminishes soluble MICA, MICB and ULBP2 shedding in acute myeloid leukemia, facilitating NK cell-mediated immune recognition. Oncotarget 2018; 8:31959-31976. [PMID: 28404876 PMCID: PMC5458262 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2016] [Accepted: 03/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a disease with great morphological and genetic heterogeneity, which complicates its prognosis and treatment. The hypomethylating agents azacitidine (Vidaza®, AZA) and decitabine (Dacogen®, DAC) have been approved for the treatment of AML patients, but their mechanisms of action are poorly understood. Natural killer (NK) cells play an important role in the recognition of AML blasts through the interaction of the activating NKG2D receptor with its ligands (NKG2DL: MICA/B and ULBPs1-3). However, soluble NKG2DL (sNKG2DL) can be released from the cell surface, impairing immune recognition. Here, we examined whether hypomethylating agents modulate the release of sNKG2DL from AML cells. Results demonstrated that AZA- and DAC-treated AML cells reduce the release of sNKG2DL, preventing downregulation of NKG2D receptor on the cell surface and promoting immune recognition mediated by NKG2D-NKG2DL engagement. We show that the shedding of MICA, MICB and ULBP2 is inhibited by the increased expression of TIMP3, an ADAM17 inhibitor, after DAC treatment. The TIMP3 gene is highly methylated in AML cells lines and in AML patients (25.5%), in which it is significantly associated with an adverse cytogenetic prognosis of the disease. Overall, TIMP3 could be a target of the demethylating treatments in AML patients, leading to a decrease in MICA, MICB and ULBP2 shedding and the enhancement of the lytic activity of NK cells through the immune recognition mediated by the NKG2D receptor.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alfredo Minguela
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Ramon M Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Enrique Colado
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Teresa Bernal
- Department of Hematology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Eduardo Anguita
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Adela Vasco Mogorron
- Immunology Service, Instituto Murciano de Investigación Biosanitaria (IMIB), Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | - Alberto Chaparro Gil
- Hematology Department, Hospital Clínico San Carlos, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria San Carlos (IdISSC), Department of Medicine, Universidad Complutense de Madrid (UCM), Madrid, Spain
| | | | | | - Paula Díaz Bulnes
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Amelia Martinez Marin
- Hematology Service, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain
| | | | | | - Carlos Lopez-Larrea
- Department of Immunology, Hospital Universitario Central de Asturias, Oviedo, Spain
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Abstract
Chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (cmml) is an indolent disease in the category of myelodysplastic and myeloproliferative neoplasms, which can often evolve into acute leukemic neoplasms. Although cytogenetic abnormalities such as trisomy 8 or absence of chromosome Y are well known, few reports about cmml with trisomy 11 have been published. Here, we report a case of cmml with trisomy 11 as the sole chromosomal abnormality, resulting in a very poor outcome. Based on a bone marrow specimen, cmml-1 with trisomy 11 was diagnosed in a 79-year-old man presenting with anemia and atypical peripheral blood cells. Because of the patient's age, he was followed without receiving anticancer treatment. Two months after his diagnosis, the patient's leucocytosis and anemia rapidly worsened, with increasing numbers of immature peripheral cells, which was strongly suggestive of leukemic transformation. Because of acute kidney injury superimposed on chronic kidney disease that led to poor performance status, cytotoxic chemotherapy was not considered feasible, and the patient was transferred to a hospice care facility.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yoo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine
| | - J Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul Red Cross Hospital, and
| | - J M Byun
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - K H Kim
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
| | - I S Choi
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Boramae Medical Center, Seoul, Korea
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Tooze JA, Hamzic E, Willis F, Pettengell R. Differences between chronic lymphocytic leukaemia and small lymphocytic lymphoma cells by proteomic profiling and SNP microarray analysis. Cancer Genet 2017; 218-219:20-38. [PMID: 29153094 DOI: 10.1016/j.cancergen.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The majority of malignant cells in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) circulate in the peripheral blood whereas small lymphocytic lymphoma (SLL) cells reside in tissues. The aim of this study was to detect differences in chemokine receptor expression, DNA single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis and proteomic profiling to help elucidate why the cells remain in their respective environments. We identified by flow cytometric studies of chemokine receptors and DNA SNP microarray analysis significant differences between cells from CLL and SLL patients. Proteomic analysis revealed two potential markers (m/z 3091 and 8707) to distinguish the two disorders. There was a significantly greater expression of leucocyte trafficking receptor CXCR3 (CD183) and migration and homing receptor CXCR4 (CD184), and significantly lower expression of cell adhesion molecule integrin α4 chain (CD49d), on CLL cells, compared with SLL cells. Conversely, SNP microarrays revealed greater numbers of copy-neutral loss of heterozygosity chromosomal aberrations, as well as gross chromosomal aberrations, in the SLL group, compared with the CLL group. These findings revealed that there was a significantly greater expression of trafficking, migration and homing receptors and significantly lower expression of adhesion molecules on CLL cells than on SLL cells, and that SLL may be a more progressive disease than CLL, with a more complex genotype.
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MESH Headings
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling/methods
- Humans
- Integrin alpha4/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/classification
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/diagnosis
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/metabolism
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide
- Proteomics/methods
- Receptors, CXCR3/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer A Tooze
- Department of Haematology, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Edita Hamzic
- Department of Haematology, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Fenella Willis
- Department of Haematology, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK
| | - Ruth Pettengell
- Department of Haematology, St George's University of London, Cranmer Terrace, London SW17 0RE, UK.
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Bacher U, Schanz J, Braulke F, Haase D. Rare cytogenetic abnormalities in myelodysplastic syndromes. Mediterr J Hematol Infect Dis 2015; 7:e2015034. [PMID: 25960862 DOI: 10.4084/MJHID.2015.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The karyotype represents one of the main cornerstones for the International Prognostic Scoring System (IPSS) and the revised IPSS-R (IPSS-R) that are most widely used for prognostication in patients with myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). The most frequent cytogenetic abnormalities in MDS, i.e. del(5q), -7/del(7q), +8, complex karyotypes, or -Y have been extensively explored for their prognostic impact. The IPSS-R also considers some less frequent abnormalities such as del(11q), isochromosome 17, +19, or 3q abnormalities. However, more than 600 different cytogenetic categories had been identified in a previous MDS study. This review aims to focus interest on selected rare cytogenetic abnormalities in patients with MDS. Examples are numerical gains of the chromosomes 11 (indicating rapid progression), of chromosome 14 or 14q (prognostically intermediate to favorable), -X (in females, with an intermediate prognosis), or numerical abnormalities of chromosome 21. Structural abnormalities are also considered, e.g. del(13q) that is associated with bone marrow failure syndromes and favorable response to immunosuppressive therapy. These and other rare cytogenetic abnormalities should be integrated into existing prognostication systems such as the IPSS-R. However, due to the very low number of cases, this is clearly dependent on international collaboration. Hopefully, this article will help to inaugurate this process.
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Kelaidi C, Tzannou I, Baltadakis I, Batsis I, Mallouri D, Spyridonidis A, Gigantes S, Tsirigotis P, Apostolidis I, Athanasiadou A, Manola K, Anagnostopoulos A, Harhalakis N, Sakellari I, Karakasis D. Specific abnormalities versus number of abnormalities and cytogenetic scoring systems for outcome prediction after allogeneic hematopoietic SCT for myelodysplastic syndromes. Bone Marrow Transplant 2014; 49:1022-8. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2014.87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2013] [Revised: 02/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Abstract
Histone methylation is a type of epigenetic modification that is critical for the regulation of gene expression. Numerous studies have demonstrated that abnormalities of this newly characterized epigenetic modification are involved in the development of multiple diseases, including cancer. There is also emerging evidence for a link between histone methylation and the pathogenesis of myeloid neoplasms, including myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS). This article provides an overview of recent progress in the studies of histone methylation in myeloid malignancies, with an emphasis on MDS. We cover each type of histone methylation modification and their regulatory mechanisms, as well as their abnormalities in MDS or potential connections to MDS. We also summarize the recent progress in the development of inhibitors targeting histone methylation and their applications as potential therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Wei
- Department of Leukemia, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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Abstract
Whole chromosome gain is the most common type of gross genomic abnormality observed in human tumors. It is particularly frequent in lympho-haematopoietic and embryonic neoplasms, where trisomies and tetrasomies are typically present together with few or no other cytogenetic imbalances, resulting in hyperdiploid chromosome numbers. Despite the high prevalence of whole chromosome gains in neoplastic cells, their mechanism of origin remains disputed. Here, 4 potential models for the generation of whole chromosome gains are reviewed: (1) loss of chromosomes from the tetraploid level, (2) sequential sister chromatid non-disjunction, (3) multipolar mitosis coupled to sister chromatid non-disjunction, and (4) multipolar mitosis coupled to incomplete cytokinesis. Each of these mechanisms may in theory result in the generation of hyperdiploid neoplastic clones, but none of them were single-handedly able to reproduce the scenario of chromosome copy number alterations in tumors when cell populations resulting from these models were simulated in silico and compared to published cytogenetic data. To develop models for the generation of whole chromosome gains further, it is critical to improve our knowledge of the principles of clonal selection in tumors and of the baseline rate of chromosome segregation errors in human cells. To illustrate this, a model combining multipolar mitosis coupled to incomplete cytokinesis with a low rate of baseline sister chromatid non-disjunction was shown readily to reproduce copy number distributions in hyperdiploid karyotypes from human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Gisselsson
- Department of Clinical Genetics, University and Regional Laboratories, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
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