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Li D, Wang Z, Zhao Y, Zeng W, Zhang Z, Li S, Lian H, Yang C, Ma Y, Fu L, Guo Y, Zhang Z, Zhai Y, Mao S, Wang L, Han X. In Situ Atomic-Scale Quantitative Evidence of Plastic Activities Resulting in Reparable Deformation in Ultrasmall-Sized Ag Nanocrystals. ACS Nano 2023. [PMID: 38010413 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c05808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Permanent structural changes in pure metals that are caused by plastic activity are normally irreparable after unloading. Because of the lack of experimental evidence, it is unclear whether the plastic activity can be repaired as the size of the pure metals decreases to several nanometers; it is also unclear how the metals accommodate the plastic deformation. In this study, the in situ atomic-scale loading and unloading of ∼2 nm Ag nanocrystals was investigated, and three modes of plastic deformation were observed: (i) the phase transition from the face-centered cubic (fcc) phase to the hexagonal close-packed (hcp) phase, (ii) stacking faults, and (iii) deformation twin nucleation. We show that all three modes resulted in structural changes that were reparable, and their generation and restoration during loading and unloading were observed in situ. We discovered that the deformation modes of nanosized metals can be predicted from the ratio of the energy barriers of the fcc-hcp phase transition (ΔγH) and the deformation twin nucleation (ΔγT), which differ from those of the theoretical modes of relatively large-sized metals. The proposed ΔγH/ΔγT criterion provides insights into the deformation mechanism of nanometals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongwei Li
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zhanxin Wang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yufeng Zhao
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Weijing Zeng
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Zihao Zhang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shuai Li
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Huibin Lian
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Chengpeng Yang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yan Ma
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Libo Fu
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Yizhong Guo
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Ze Zhang
- Department of Materials Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Yadi Zhai
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Shengcheng Mao
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Lihua Wang
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Institute of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing Key Lab of Microstructure and Property of Advanced Materials, Beijing University of Technology, Beijing 100124, China
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Yu HT, Yang M, Zhu W, Chang T, Jiang JW. Diameter-dependent polygonal cross section for holey phenine nanotubes. Nanotechnology 2019; 31:085702. [PMID: 31675728 DOI: 10.1088/1361-6528/ab53a6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The cross-sectional shape of the nanotube is a key factor governing fundamental mechanical properties of the nanotube and the nanotube forest. In contrast to most circular nanotubes, in the present work, we demonstrate that the holey phenine nanotubes have polygonal cross sections with diameter-dependent number of sides. The non-circular cross section is attributed to the high twistability of the continuous C-C chains in the phenine nanotube. Consequently, the phenine nanotube forest has a square lattice structure rather than the regular hexagonal lattice of the carbon nanotube forest, resulting in a smooth buckling process under biaxial compression. The buckling pattern of the phenine nanotube forest is highly ordered with the orientation determined by the initial dislocation that frequently appears in the phenine nanotube forest.
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Yang A, Li D, Zhen Y, Chen G, Guo P. First-principles investigation on vibrational properties of coinage metal (4, 2) nanotubes. COMPUT THEOR CHEM 2017; 1117:285-291. [DOI: 10.1016/j.comptc.2017.08.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Abstract
When materials are under stretching, occurrence of lateral contraction of materials is commonly observed. This is because Poisson's ratio, the quantity describes the relationship between a lateral strain and applied strain, is positive for nearly all materials. There are some reported structures and materials having negative Poisson's ratio. However, most of them are at macroscale, and reentrant structures and rigid rotating units are the main mechanisms for their negative Poisson's ratio behavior. Here, with numerical and theoretical evidence, we show that metal [100] nanowires with asymmetric cross-sections such as rectangle or ellipse can exhibit negative Poisson's ratio behavior. Furthermore, the negative Poisson's ratio behavior can be further improved by introducing a hole inside the asymmetric nanowires. We show that the surface effect inducing the asymmetric stresses inside the nanowires is a main origin of the superior property.
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Affiliation(s)
- Duc Tam Ho
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute
of Science and Technology, Ulsan
44919, South Korea
| | - Soon-Yong Kwon
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Ulsan National
Institute of Science and Technology, Ulsan
44919, South Korea
| | - Sung Youb Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Ulsan National Institute
of Science and Technology, Ulsan
44919, South Korea
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Yang J, Zhang Q, Chen L, Wang G, Chen X. Formation and Stability of Low-Dimensional Structures for Group VIIIB and IB Transition Metals: The Role of sd 4 Hybridization. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2016; 3:1500314. [PMID: 27981017 PMCID: PMC5115452 DOI: 10.1002/advs.201500314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2015] [Revised: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
A quasi-sd4 hybridization state for group VIIIB and IB face-centered cubic (FCC) transition metals in low-dimensional nanostructures is identified, in contrast to the sd5 hybridization state in bulk. For Au, a novel three-shelled nanowire is designed with a hexagonal close-packed core in the sd5 hybridization, wrapped by FCC-(111) shell that adopts the quasi-sd4 hybridization. This new nanostructure exhibits remarkable stability and electronic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhui Yang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 P.R. China
| | - Qiuju Zhang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 P.R. China
| | - Liang Chen
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering Chinese Academy of Sciences Ningbo Zhejiang 315201 P.R. China
| | - Gang Wang
- Research and Development Center for Functional Crystals Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China
| | - Xiaolong Chen
- Research and Development Center for Functional Crystals Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics Institute of Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100190 P.R. China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter Beijing 100190 P.R. China
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da Silva Autreto PA, Galvao DS, Artacho E. Species fractionation in atomic chains from mechanically stretched alloys. J Phys Condens Matter 2014; 26:435304. [PMID: 25299840 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/26/43/435304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bettini et al (2006 Nat. Nanotechnol. 1 182-5) reported the first experimental realization of linear atomic chains (LACs) composed of different atoms (Au and Ag). The different contents of Au and Ag were observed in the chains from what was found in the bulk alloys, which raises the question of what the wire composition is, if it is in equilibrium with a bulk alloy. In this work we address the thermodynamic driving force for species fractionation in LACs under tension, and we present the density-functional theory results for Ag-Au chain alloys. A pronounced stabilization of the wires with an alternating Ag-Au sequence is observed, which could be behind the experimentally observed Au enrichment in LACs from alloys with high Ag content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Alves da Silva Autreto
- Institute of Physics Gleb Wataghin, University of Campinas, UNICAMP Cidade Universitaria, 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Shimada T, Okuno J, Kitamura T. Chiral selectivity of unusual helimagnetic transition in iron nanotubes: chirality makes quantum helimagnets. Nano Lett 2013; 13:2792-2797. [PMID: 23713746 DOI: 10.1021/nl401047z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The remarkable interplay of chirality and magnetism in helical single-wall nanotubes of iron (FeSWNTs) is investigated using fully unconstrained spin-density-functional calculations. Spin-spiral waves exist and noncollinear helimagnetism appears only for the specific chirality of (6,3) and (5,3) FeSWNTs, whereas collinear ferromagnetism persists in other chiral FeSWNTs as unfolded monolayers, that is, chirality selectively involves the unusual helimagnetic phase transition (chiral selectivity). The emergence of quantum helimagnetism plays a variety of significant roles in (i) the stabilization of the chiral FeSWNTs as a long-lived "magic" structure in both freestanding and tip-suspended conditions, (ii) interference with quantum ballistic conductance by interband repulsion, and (iii) the involvement of chiral conductivity in which electric currents pass helically through the FeSWNTs. These chiral characteristics are a novel addition to the intriguing rich diversity of chirality-driven physics and phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takahiro Shimada
- Department of Mechanical Engineering and Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 615-8540, Japan.
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Fa W, Zhou J, Dong J. First-principles simulations on suspended coinage-metal nanotubes composed of different atomic species. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:4610-5. [PMID: 23423486 DOI: 10.1039/c3cp44169e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Substitutional doping of gold and copper atoms in a (4, 4) silver single-wall nanotube has been investigated using first-principles simulations. It is found that the Au- and Cu-substitutional doping of the tip-suspended (4, 4) Ag tube can maintain the hollow tubular structure at different alloy compositions due to the existence of a local minimum in the string tension variation with their unit cell lengths. The bonding energy differences between the mono-elements and hetero-elements and string tension may play important roles in suppressing the "self-purification" effects so that the nanoalloy tubes can be formed. Analysis of the band structure suggests that the number of conduction channels of the Ag-Au alloy tubes may lie between the pure (4, 4) Ag and Au tubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fa
- Group of Computational Condensed Matter Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093, China.
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Han Y, Zhou J, Dong J, Yoshiyuki K. Formation of single-walled bimetallic coinage alloy nanotubes in confined carbon nanotubes: molecular dynamics simulations. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2013; 15:17171-8. [DOI: 10.1039/c3cp52847b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Abstract
We review critically the advances in the synthesis of colloidal nanowires that have occurred over the past three years, with a focus on those that produced very thin (or “ultrathin”) nanowires (∼2–3 nm in diameter or less). We discuss the importance of these ultrathin nanowires, especially in light of the emerging evidence of their topological properties and their potential similarities with polymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton Repko
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2240J Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Charles University in Prague, Hlavova 2030, 128 40 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Ludovico Cademartiri
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, Iowa State University of Science and Technology, 2240J Hoover Hall, Ames, IA 50011, USA
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Ishida T, Kakushima K, Mizoguchi T, Fujita H. Role of dislocation movement in the electrical conductance of nanocontacts. Sci Rep 2012; 2:623. [PMID: 22953044 PMCID: PMC3432465 DOI: 10.1038/srep00623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2011] [Accepted: 08/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Dislocation is a lattice imperfection of crystalline materials. Dislocation movement is induced during plastic deformation and influences the mechanical properties. Although the role of dislocation in mechanical properties has been well understood, the role of dislocation in electrical properties is completely lacking. Only Matthiessen's rule addresses the electrical influence of dislocations at the macroscale. Here, we show that the electrical conductance change due to dislocations and show their movements through in situ observation of a gold nanocontact. The density of the dislocations in the gold nanocontact did not affect the electrical conductance. The repeated and discrete dislocation movements resulted in an electrical conductance oscillation. Our results demonstrate how dislocations and their movements affect electric conductance at the nanoscale. This instability issue will cause a big problem for future electric devices such as ultra low power electric devices and nanowire photovoltaic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tadashi Ishida
- Institute of Industrial Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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13
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Iacovella CR, French WR, Cook BG, Kent PRC, Cummings PT. Role of polytetrahedral structures in the elongation and rupture of gold nanowires. ACS Nano 2011; 5:10065-10073. [PMID: 22040227 DOI: 10.1021/nn203941r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report comprehensive high-accuracy molecular dynamics simulations using the ReaxFF force field to explore the structural changes that occur as Au nanowires are elongated, establishing trends as a function of both temperature and nanowire diameter. Our simulations and subsequent quantitative structural analysis reveal that polytetrahedral structures (e.g., icosahedra) form within the "amorphous" neck regions, most prominently for systems with small diameter at high temperature. We demonstrate that the formation of polytetrahedra diminishes the conductance quantization as compared to systems without this structural motif. We demonstrate that use of the ReaxFF force field, fitted to high-accuracy first-principles calculations of Au, combines the accuracy of quantum calculations with the speed of semiempirical methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher R Iacovella
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee 37235-1604, United States
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14
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Abstract
The structural stability of coinage metal nanotubes with a square cross-section has been investigated by the first-principles numerical simulations. In addition to the reported (4, 4) silver tube, it is found that the hollow (4, 4) copper and gold nanotubes can also be formed by applying an appropriate stress to an 8(A)/8(B) fcc wire. The stability of these coinage metal (4, 4) nanotubes, formed by tip-stretching the wires, has been explained by a local minimum in the string tension variation with their tube lengths. Interestingly, we have explained why a low-stress stretching is needed to obtain the (4, 4) Cu tube in contrast to a higher one for both the (4, 4) Ag and Au tubes due to the larger stiffness coefficient of copper than those of silver and gold, which could be proved by future experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Fa
- Group of Computational Condensed Matter Physics, National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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15
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Autreto PAS, Lagos MJ, Sato F, Bettini J, Rocha AR, Rodrigues V, Ugarte D, Galvao DS. Intrinsic stability of the smallest possible silver nanotube. Phys Rev Lett 2011; 106:065501. [PMID: 21405476 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.106.065501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2010] [Revised: 11/09/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Recently, Lagos et al. [Nature Nanotech. 4, 149 (2009)] reported the discovery of the smallest possible Ag nanotube with a square cross section. Ab initio density functional theory calculations strongly support that the stability of these hollow structures is structurally intrinsic and not the result of contamination by light atoms. We also report the first experimental observation of the theoretically predicted corrugation of the hollow structure. Quantum conductance calculations predict a unique signature of 3.6 G0 for this new family of nanotubes.
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Affiliation(s)
- P A S Autreto
- Applied Physics, UNICAMP, 13083-859, Campinas, SP, Brazil
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Lagos MJ, Sato F, Autreto PAS, Galvão DS, Rodrigues V, Ugarte D. Temperature effects on the atomic arrangement and conductance of atomic-size gold nanowires generated by mechanical stretching. Nanotechnology 2010; 21:485702. [PMID: 21063051 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/21/48/485702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We have studied the changes induced by thermal effects in the structural and transport response of Au nanowires generated by mechanical elongation. We have used time-resolved atomic resolution transmission electron microscopy imaging and quantum conductance measurement using a mechanically controllable break junction. Our results showed remarkable differences in the NW evolution for experiments realized at 150 and 300 K, which modifies drastically the conductance response during elongation. Molecular dynamics and electronic transport calculations were used to consistently correlate the observed structural and conductance behavior. These results emphasize that it is essential to take into account the precise atomic arrangement of nanocontacts generated by mechanical stretching to understand electrical transport properties. Also, our study shows that much care must be taken when comparing results obtained in different experimental conditions, mainly different temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- M J Lagos
- Intituto de Física Gleb Wathagin, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, 13083-970 Campinas São Paulo, Brazil
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Affiliation(s)
- P. A. S. Autreto
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin,” Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, C.P. 6165, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - S. B. Legoas
- Centro de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Federal de Roraima, Boa Vista, Roraima 69304-000, Brazil
| | - M. Z. S. Flores
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin,” Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, C.P. 6165, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
| | - D. S. Galvao
- Instituto de Física “Gleb Wataghin,” Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Unicamp, C.P. 6165, Campinas, São Paulo 13083-970, Brazil
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