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Xu J. Recent Advances in π-Stacking Interaction-Controlled Asymmetric Synthesis. Molecules 2024; 29:1454. [PMID: 38611737 PMCID: PMC11012711 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29071454] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2024] [Revised: 03/16/2024] [Accepted: 03/20/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The π-stacking interaction is one of the most important intramolecular and intermolecular noncovalent interactions in organic chemistry. It plays an important role in stabilizing some structures and transition states in certain reactions via both intramolecular and intermolecular interactions, facilitating different selectivities, such as chemo-, regio-, and stereoselectivities. This minireview focuses on the recent examples of the π-stacking interaction-controlled asymmetric synthesis, including auxiliary-induced asymmetric synthesis, kinetic resolution, asymmetric synthesis of helicenes and heterohelicenes, and multilayer 3D chiral molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxi Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Resource Engineering, Department of Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing 100029, China; ; Tel./Fax: +86-10-6443-5565
- College of Science, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
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2
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Lv X, Liu C, Chen Y, Wang D, Yu P, Jin MY, Xu C. Highly Enantioselective Dihydroxylation of 1,1-Disubstituted Aliphatic Alkenes Enabled by Orchestrated Noncovalent π-Interactions. Org Lett 2024; 26:1399-1404. [PMID: 38345406 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c04188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The elusive nature of noncovalent π-interactions leads to their infrequent use as a design element in challenging chemical reactions. Stereocontrolling models based on coordinated noncovalent π-interactions were used for the asymmetric dihydroxylation of 1,1-disubstituted aliphatic alkenes. By introduction of a substituted phthalazine ring into the alkene substrates, the enantioselectivity reached 99% under the catalysis of bis-cinchona alkaloid ligands. Density functional theory calculations indicated a well-orchestrated, π-π interaction-directed "sandwich-like" transition state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinrou Lv
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Yu Chen
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Donghao Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Peiyuan Yu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Ming Yu Jin
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Shenzhen Grubbs Institute, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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3
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Pei XL, Ma C, Guan ZJ, Ni SF, Wang QM. Heterometallic Au I 6 Ag I 6 Macrocyclic Cluster Templated by a Supramolecular Melamine Dimer. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202301948. [PMID: 38081801 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2024]
Abstract
The application of supramolecular templates in aligning atomically precise heterometal arrays is important for pursuing functional materials. Herein, we report that a bilayered supramolecular tri-deprotonated melamine dimer functions as an effective template in the construction of a heterometallic gold(I)-silver(I) macrocyclic cluster [μ6 -(C3 N6 H3 )3- ]2 -AuI 6 AgI 6 . X-ray single crystal structural analysis showed that a crown-like AuI 6 AgI 6 macrocycle is aligned around two parallelly stacked μ6 -(C3 N6 H3 )3- moieties hold together with π-π interactions. Theoretical calculations revealed that the [μ6 -(C3 N6 H3 )3- ]2 motif dominantly contributes to the near-occupied orbitals in the electronic structure, which is closely related to its luminescence properties. This work demonstrates that the supramolecular templates containing multiple symmetric binding sites may present a facile approach in the construction of functional metal clusters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Li Pei
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
| | - Cheng Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China
| | - Zong-Jie Guan
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
| | - Shao-Fei Ni
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, Guangdong, 515063, PR China
| | - Quan-Ming Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Advanced Rare Earth Materials (Ministry of Education), Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China
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4
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De Tovar J, Philouze C, Thibon-Pourret A, Belle C. Insights into non-covalent interactions in dicopper(II,II) complexes bearing a naphthyridine scaffold: anion-dictated electrochemistry. Chem Commun (Camb) 2024; 60:2228-2231. [PMID: 38314799 DOI: 10.1039/d3cc06264c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
A family of bis(μ-hydroxido)dicopper(II,II) complexes bearing a naphthyridine-based scaffold has been synthesized and characterized. Cyclic voltammetry reveals that the nature of the anions present in the complexes plays a pivotal role in their electrochemical properties. X-ray diffraction, spectroscopic and electrochemical analysis data support the formation of intimate ion pairs by non-covalent interactions driving to a ca. 270 mV difference for the potential required to monooxidize the CuIICuII species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jonathan De Tovar
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | | | - Catherine Belle
- Université Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM, UMR 5250, 38000 Grenoble, France.
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5
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Cheng Q, Hao A, Xing P. Engineering π-Conjugation of Phenylalanine Derivatives for Controllable Chiral Folding and Self-Assemblies. ACS Nano 2024. [PMID: 38315078 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.3c12063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
π-π stacking interaction is an attractive interaction that involves aromatic groups containing π-conjugated domains. It is a promising strategy for stabilizing folded structures with interesting chiroptical properties and manipulating the supramolecular chiral self-assembly process. In this study, we report the engineering of π-conjugated amino acids that utilize π-π stacking interactions to manipulate chiral folding as well as self-assembly evolution. Stepwise conjugation of phenyl, naphthyl, and pyrenyl to N-terminal phenylalanine derivatives witnessed the folding through intramolecular π-interactions in solution phase, which facilitated the formation of chiral geometry and the emergence of chiral optics. Introduction of aromatic domains efficiently lowers the critical aggregation concentration in the aqueous media. Molecular folding enables a special concentration-dependent self-assembly, whereby the supramolecular chirality accomplished inversion with the evolution of helical nanoarchitectures. This work develops a strategy to engineer π-conjugated amino acids with controllable folding behaviors, which also offers implications for the rational design of functional chiral materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuhong Cheng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Aiyou Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
| | - Pengyao Xing
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, P. R. China
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6
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Malik A, Sharma PR, Sharma RK. α-Methylbenzylamine Functionalized Crown-Ether-Appended Calix[4]arene Phase Transfer Catalyst for Enantioselective Henry Reaction. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202302638. [PMID: 37850687 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023]
Abstract
In this letter, we designed a highly selective α-methylbenzylamine functionalized crown-ether-appended calix[4]arene derived phase transfer catalyst for asymmetric nitroaldol reaction to provide the desired nitroaldol adducts in high yields (up to 99 % yield) with good to excellent enantioselectivities (up to 99.8 % ee).
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Affiliation(s)
- Apoorva Malik
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL) Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342037, India
| | - Pragati R Sharma
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL) Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342037, India
| | - Rakesh K Sharma
- Sustainable Materials and Catalysis Research Laboratory (SMCRL) Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Jodhpur, Jodhpur, 342037, India
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7
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Liu W, Xu W, Luan HH, Li G, Liu J, Lu Z, Zhang F, Li H. L-ribose specific recognition surface constructed by pillar[5]arene-based host-guest interaction. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 241:115678. [PMID: 37703641 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 08/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023]
Abstract
In living organisms, chiral molecules have specific chiral conformations that produce different physiological effects. Ribose is one of the components of RNA, which mainly plays a role in regulating biological activity. Inspired by the biological recognition of sugars, functional chiral surfaces for recognizing L-ribose through non-covalent interactions were constructed. In the strategy of this study, a functional chiral gold surface based on host-guest interactions was constructed through the assembly of the host molecule single-function alynyl pillar[5]arene(SAP5) and the guest molecule (S) -mandelate-violet (SMV). The association constant of SMV and SAP5 was calculated to be 2.95×104 M-1, with a binding ratio of 1:1. By impedance and contact angle detection, the constructed functional interface has good detection effect on L-ribose in the range of 1×10-7 M to1× 10-2 M. In addition, CV was disassembled from the aromatic cavity of pillar[5]arene after adding zinc powder and it can repeat five times with good recyclability, thus achieving the organic combination of interface recognition and intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenhui Liu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China
| | - Weiwei Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Hang-Hang Luan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, PR China
| | - Guang Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China
| | - Junan Liu
- College of Chemistry, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, Hubei, 430070, PR China.
| | - Zhiyan Lu
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, No. 169 East Lake Road, Wuchang District, Wuhan, 430071, PR China.
| | - Fan Zhang
- Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Advanced Organic Chemical Materials, Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for the Synthesis and Application of Organic Functional Molecules, College of Health Sciences and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan, 430062, PR China.
| | - Haibing Li
- National Key Laboratory of Green Pesticide, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University, Wuhan, 430079, PR China.
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8
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Chen MN, Ke CY, Nyayachavadi A, Zhao H, Ocheje MU, Mooney M, Li YT, Gu X, Liou GS, Rondeau-Gagné S, Chiu YC. Facile Blending Strategy for Boosting the Conjugated Polymer Semiconductor Transistor's Mobility. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2023; 15:53755-53764. [PMID: 37906700 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c10499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2023]
Abstract
The optimization of field-effect mobility in polymer field-effect transistors (FETs) is a critical parameter for advancing organic electronics. Today, many challenges still persist in understanding the roles of the design and processing of semiconducting polymers toward electronic performance. To address this, a facile approach to solution processing using blends of PDPP-TVT and PTPA-3CN is developed, resulting in a 3.5-fold increase in hole mobility and retained stability in electrical performance over 3 cm2 V-1 s-1 after 20 weeks. The amorphous D-A conjugated structure and strong intramolecular polarity of PTPA-3CN are identified as major contributors to the observed improvements in mobility. Additionally, the composite analysis by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and the flash differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) technique showed a uniform distribution and was well mixed in binary polymer systems. This mobility enhancement technique has also been successfully applied to other polymer semiconductor systems, offering a new design strategy for blending-type organic transistor systems. This blending methodology holds great promise for the practical applications of OFETs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei-Nung Chen
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Da'an Dist, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Yao Ke
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Audithya Nyayachavadi
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Haoyu Zhao
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Michael U Ocheje
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Madison Mooney
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yen-Ting Li
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Da'an Dist, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
| | - Xiaodan Gu
- School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Center for Optoelectronic Materials and Device, The University of Southern Mississippi, Hattiesburg, Mississippi 39406, United States
| | - Guey-Sheng Liou
- Institute of Polymer Science and Engineering, National Taiwan University, No.1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road, Taipei City 10617, Taiwan
| | - Simon Rondeau-Gagné
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Advanced Materials Centre of Research, University of Windsor, Windsor, Ontario N9B 3P4, Canada
| | - Yu-Cheng Chiu
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No.43, Sec. 4, Keelung Rd, Da'an Dist, Taipei City 10607, Taiwan
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9
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Adriyani TR, Ensafi AA, Rezaei B. Flexible and sewable electrode based on Ni-Co@PANI-salphen composite-coated on textiles for wearable supercapacitor. Sci Rep 2023; 13:19772. [PMID: 37957225 PMCID: PMC10643400 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-47067-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Flexible electrodes with high deformability and energy density are critical for electronic textiles. The key factor for achieving high-performance supercapacitors with superior power and energy density is the evaluation of materials that exhibit exceptional capacitive performance. Herein, we have prepared Ni-Co nanoparticles at the surface of polyaniline-salphen (Ni-Co@PS). Then, followed by casting Ni-Co@PS on a conductive carbon cloth (CC) as a substrate through a facile in-situ polymerization strategy. The morphologies of Ni-Co@PS composite were characterized by different methods such as FE-SEM, XPS, XRD, BET, and electrochemical methods. This nanocomposite showed high tolerability and a large surface area with excellent behavior as a new nanomaterial for supercapacitor application. Thus, the optimum composite designed with a metal ratio (nickel-cobalt 3:1 w/w) satisfactorily possesses a specific capacitance of up to 549.994 C g-1 (1447.2 F g-1) under 0.5 A g-1 and long-term cyclic stability featuring capacity retention of 95.9% after 5000 cycles at a current density of 9.0 A g-1. The Ni-Co@PS-CC, is a material with great potential as an electrode in asymmetric wearable supercapacitor (AWSC) apparatus, demonstrating a remarkable specific capacity of 70.01, and accompanied by an energy density of 23.46 Wh k g-1 at a power density of 800 W k g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Touba Rezaee Adriyani
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
| | - Ali A Ensafi
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran.
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR, 72701, USA.
| | - B Rezaei
- Department of Chemistry, Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, 84156-83111, Iran
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10
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Niu X, Zhao R, Yan S, Pang Z, Li H, Yang X, Wang K. Chiral Materials: Progress, Applications, and Prospects. Small 2023; 19:e2303059. [PMID: 37217989 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202303059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Chirality is a universal phenomenon in molecular and biological systems, denoting an asymmetric configurational property where an object cannot be superimposed onto its mirror image by any kind of translation or rotation, which is ubiquitous on the scale from neutrinos to spiral galaxies. Chirality plays a very important role in the life system. Many biological molecules in the life body show chirality, such as the "codebook" of the earth's biological diversity-DNA, nucleic acid, etc. Intriguingly, living organisms hierarchically consist of homochiral building blocks, for example, l-amino acids and d-sugars with unknown reason. When molecules with chirality interact with these chiral factors, only one conformation favors the positive development of life, that is, the chiral host environment can only selectively interact with chiral molecules of one of the conformations. The differences in chiral interactions are often manifested by chiral recognition, mutual matching, and interactions with chiral molecules, which means that the stereoselectivity of chiral molecules can produce changes in pharmacodynamics and pathology. Here, the latest investigations are summarized including the construction and applications of chiral materials based on natural small molecules as chiral source, natural biomacromolecules as chiral sources, and the material synthesized by design as a chiral source.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohui Niu
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Rui Zhao
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Simeng Yan
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Zengwei Pang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Hongxia Li
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
| | - Xing Yang
- College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Kunjie Wang
- College of Petrochemical Technology, Lanzhou University of Technology, Lanzhou, 730050, P. R. China
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11
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Khera M, Anchal, Goel N. Ligand and Substituent Effect on Regium-π Bonding in Cu and Ag π-Conjugated Complexes: A Density Functional Study. J Phys Chem A 2023; 127:6953-6961. [PMID: 37558247 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.3c04110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/11/2023]
Abstract
Density functional theory investigation of regium (Rg)-π bonding using the RgL-X model system, where Rg = Cu and Ag; L = CN, NO2, and OH; X = π-conjugated system (benzene, cyanobenzene, benzoic acid, pyridine, 2-methoxy aniline, 1,4-dimethoxy benzene, and cyclophane), has been performed. Conclusive evidence of the Rg-π bond has been provided by analysis of molecular electrostatic potential surfaces, Rg-π bond length, interaction energy (ΔE), second-order perturbation energy (E2), charge transfer (Δq), quantum theory of atom in molecules, and noncovalent interaction plots for 42 structural arrangements with varying ligands and the substituted aromatic ring. The Rg-π bond length in the optimized model systems varies from 2.03 to 2.12 Å in Cu complexes (1-21) and from 2.26 to 2.38 Å in Ag complexes (22-42) at the PBE0-D3 functional. While the ligand (L) attached to the Rg metal has a bargaining effect on the strength of the Rg-π bond (in the order of -OH > -CN = -NO2), the π-conjugated systems have a diminutive effect. Two X-ray crystal structures (CUCSOI and AHIDQU) having the Rg-π bond, accessed from Cambridge Crystallographic Data Centre (CCDC), are discussed here to signify the influence of Rg-π bonding on the crystal structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mayank Khera
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Anchal
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
| | - Neetu Goel
- Computational and Theoretical Chemistry Group, Department of Chemistry & Centre for Advanced Studies in Chemistry, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160014, India
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12
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Singh A, Baruah JB. π-Stacking among the Anthracenyl Groups of a Copper Complex Resulted in Doubling of Unit Cell Volume To Provide New Polymorphs. ACS Omega 2023; 8:30776-30787. [PMID: 37636968 PMCID: PMC10448684 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c05132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023]
Abstract
Two polymorphs of the 9-N-(3-imidazolylpropylamino)methylanthracene (Hanthraimmida) containing hydrated copper(II)-2,6-pyridinedicarboxylate complex are reported. The two polymorphs have either lamellar or Herringbone arrangements of π-stacks among the anthracenyl groups of organocation. The difference between the two polymorphs originated from having face-to-face stacking arrangements between the two anthracenyl groups of the symmetry independent cations within the unit cell in one of the polymorphs. The π-stacked anthracenyl groups in consecutive layers of the polymorphs are oriented in one direction in the polymorph designated as P1, whereas the polymorph designated as P2 has such orientations in opposite directions. The unit cell volume of the polymorph P2 (Z = 4) has approximately twice the volume of the polymorph P1 (Z = 2); it happend due to coalescence of two unit cells of P1 in the ab-crystallographic plane. A mixed methanol/water solvate of the copper complex is also reported. It has a channel-like arrangement of the cations; has the anions and the solvents within the cation embraced channel-like enclosures. This complex is unstable, once taken out from the methanol solvent, it transforms in real time to P2 by replacements of the methanol molecules by water molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay
Pratap Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
| | - Jubaraj B. Baruah
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, Assam, India
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13
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Saunders LK, Irving D, Chater PA, Diaz-Lopez M. Noncovalent bonding assessment by pair distribution function. Faraday Discuss 2023; 244:356-369. [PMID: 37158101 DOI: 10.1039/d2fd00159d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Noncovalent interactions are essential in the formation and properties of a diverse range of materials. However, reliably identifying noncovalent interactions remains challenging using conventional methods such as X-ray diffraction, especially in nanocrystalline, poorly crystalline or amorphous materials which lack long-range lattice periodicity. Here, we demonstrate the accurate determination of deviations in the local structure and tilting of aromatic rings during the temperature-induced first order structural transition in the 1 : 1 adduct of 4,4'-bipyridinium squarate (BIPY:SQA) from the low temperature form HAZFAP01 to high temperature HAZFAP07 by X-ray pair distribution function. This work demonstrates how pair distribution function analyses can improve our understanding of local structural deviations resulting from noncovalent bonds and guide the development of novel functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucy K Saunders
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Daniel Irving
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Philip A Chater
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
| | - Maria Diaz-Lopez
- Diamond Light Source Ltd, Diamond House, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot OX11 0DE, UK.
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14
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Kumar V, Lal K, Kumar R, Kumar A, Mathpati RS, Singh MB, Kumari K. Click synthesis, antimicrobial, DNA photocleavage and computational studies of oxindole-tethered 1 H-1,2,3-triazoles. Future Med Chem 2023; 15:1115-1131. [PMID: 37565342 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim: To obtain new hybrids derived from isatin and triazole. Materials & methods: A series of oxindole-1-H-1,2,3-triazole hybrids (4a-l) were synthesized from 3-sulfenylated N-propargylated oxindoles and organic azides employing Cu(I)-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition. These compounds were evaluated in vitro for antimicrobial activity by the standard serial dilution method and DNA photocleavage activity. Results: Antimicrobial assay revealed that compounds 4l and 4f exhibited promising efficacy against Candida albicans and Rhizopus oryzae, respectively, with a minimum inhibitory concentration value of 0.0008 μmol/mL. Compounds 4h and 4k completely degraded plasmid DNA. Further molecular docking of compounds with 1KZN (4j and 4k) and 5TZ1 (4h and 4l) revealed good binding interactions. Conclusion: Results of the current research can help in the development of new antimicrobial agents with high efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vijay Kumar
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Kashmiri Lal
- Department of Chemistry, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ravinder Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Anil Kumar
- Department of Bio & Nano Technology, Guru Jambheshwar University of Science & Technology, Hisar, Haryana, 125001, India
| | - Ramling S Mathpati
- Department of Chemistry, National Institute of Technology, Kurukshetra, Haryana, 136119, India
| | - Madhur Babu Singh
- Department of Chemistry, Atma Ram Sanatan Dharma College, University of Delhi, New Delhi, 110021, India
| | - Kamlesh Kumari
- Department of Zoology, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India
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15
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Parra RD. Bracelet-like Complexes of Lithium Fluoride with Aromatic Tetraamides, and Their Potential for LiF-Mediated Self-Assembly: A DFT Study. Molecules 2023; 28:4812. [PMID: 37375366 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28124812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Geometries and binding energies of complexes between a LiF molecule and a model aromatic tetraamide are obtained using various DFT methods. The tetraamide consists of a benzene ring and four amides positioned so that the LiF molecule can bind via Li⋯O=C or N-H⋯F interactions. The complex with both interactions is the most stable one, followed by the complex with only N-H⋯F interactions. Doubling the size of the former resulted in a complex with a LiF dimer sandwiched between the model tetraamides. In turn, doubling the size of the latter resulted in a more stable tetramer with bracelet-like geometry having the two LiF molecules also sandwiched but far apart from each other. Additionally, all methods show that the energy barrier to transition to the more stable tetramer is small. The self-assembly of the bracelet-like complex mediated by the interactions of adjacent LiF molecules is demonstrated by all computational methods employed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rubén D Parra
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, DePaul University, Chicago, IL 60614, USA
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16
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Wu C, Xu Y, He Q, Li D, Duan J, Li C, You C, Chen H, Fan W, Jiang Y, Eric Xu H. Ligand-induced activation and G protein coupling of prostaglandin F 2α receptor. Nat Commun 2023; 14:2668. [PMID: 37160891 PMCID: PMC10169810 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-38411-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Prostaglandin F2α (PGF2α), an endogenous arachidonic acid metabolite, regulates diverse physiological functions in many tissues and cell types through binding and activation of a G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR), the PGF2α receptor (FP), which also is the primary therapeutic target for glaucoma and several other diseases. Here, we report cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM) structures of the human FP bound to endogenous ligand PGF2α and anti-glaucoma drugs LTPA and TFPA at global resolutions of 2.67 Å, 2.78 Å, and 3.14 Å. These structures reveal distinct features of FP within the lipid receptor family in terms of ligand binding selectivity, its receptor activation, and G protein coupling mechanisms, including activation in the absence of canonical PIF and ERY motifs and Gq coupling through direct interactions with receptor transmembrane helix 1 and intracellular loop 1. Together with mutagenesis and functional studies, our structures reveal mechanisms of ligand recognition, receptor activation, and G protein coupling by FP, which could facilitate rational design of FP-targeting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Canrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Youwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Qian He
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Dianrong Li
- Sironax (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Jia Duan
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Changyao Li
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - Chongzhao You
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Han Chen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, Fujian, 350108, China
| | - Weiliang Fan
- Sironax (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing, 102206, China
| | - Yi Jiang
- Lingang Laboratory, Shanghai, 200031, China
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 201210, Shanghai, China
| | - H Eric Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Drug Research, Shanghai Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 201203, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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17
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Shrestha A, Sumiya Y, Okazawa K, Uwabe T, Yoshizawa K. Molecular Understanding of Adhesion of Epoxy Resin to Graphene and Graphene Oxide Surfaces in Terms of Orbital Interactions. Langmuir 2023; 39:5514-5526. [PMID: 37027214 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.3c00262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
The adhesion mechanism of epoxy resin (ER) cured material consisting of diglycidyl ether of bisphenol A (DGEBA) and 4,4'-diaminodiphenyl sulfone (DDS) to pristine graphene and graphene oxide (GO) surfaces is investigated on the basis of first-principles density functional theory (DFT) with dispersion correction. Graphene is often used as a reinforcing filler incorporated into ER polymer matrices. The adhesion strength is significantly improved by using GO obtained by the oxidation of graphene. The interfacial interactions at the ER/graphene and ER/GO interfaces were analyzed to clarify the origin of this adhesion. The contribution of dispersion interaction to the adhesive stress at the two interfaces is almost identical. In contrast, the DFT energy contribution is found to be more significant at the ER/GO interface. Crystal orbital Hamiltonian population (COHP) analysis suggests the existence of hydrogen bonding (H-bonding) between the hydroxyl, epoxide, amine, and sulfonyl groups of the ER cured with DDS and the hydroxyl groups of the GO surface, in addition to the OH-π interaction between the benzene rings of ER and the hydroxyl groups of the GO surface. The H-bond has a large orbital interaction energy, which is found to contribute significantly to the adhesive strength at the ER/GO interface. The overall interaction at the ER/graphene is much weaker due to antibonding type interactions just below the Fermi level. This finding indicates that only dispersion interaction is significant when ER is adsorbed on the graphene surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amit Shrestha
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yosuke Sumiya
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazuki Okazawa
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takahiro Uwabe
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Material Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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18
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Czernek J, Brus J, Czerneková V. A Cost Effective Scheme for the Highly Accurate Description of Intermolecular Binding in Large Complexes. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23. [PMID: 36555413 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Revised: 11/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
There has been a growing interest in quantitative predictions of the intermolecular binding energy of large complexes. One of the most important quantum chemical techniques capable of such predictions is the domain-based local pair natural orbital (DLPNO) scheme for the coupled cluster theory with singles, doubles, and iterative triples [CCSD(T)], whose results are extrapolated to the complete basis set (CBS) limit. Here, the DLPNO-based focal-point method is devised with the aim of obtaining CBS-extrapolated values that are very close to their canonical CCSD(T)/CBS counterparts, and thus may serve for routinely checking a performance of less expensive computational methods, for example, those based on the density-functional theory (DFT). The efficacy of this method is demonstrated for several sets of noncovalent complexes with varying amounts of the electrostatics, induction, and dispersion contributions to binding (as revealed by accurate DFT-based symmetry-adapted perturbation theory (SAPT) calculations). It is shown that when applied to dimeric models of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate) chains in its two polymorphic forms, the DLPNO-CCSD(T) and DFT-SAPT computational schemes agree to within about 2 kJ/mol of an absolute value of the interaction energy. These computational schemes thus should be useful for a reliable description of factors leading to the enthalpic stabilization of extended systems.
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19
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Li C, Chen F, Mu Q, Xu C. Asymmetric Dihydroxylation-Based Kinetic Resolution of Allylic Amides Enabled by Noncovalent π-Interactions. Org Lett 2022; 24:8774-8779. [PMID: 36441523 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c03486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
While Sharpless asymmetric dihydroxylation is widely utilized to convert various alkenes into diols with excellent enantioselectivies, kinetic resolution by means of this fundamental catalysis has generally proven to be ineffective. Here we report that, by relying on noncovalent π-interactions that purposely include the substrate's stereocenter in the corresponding catalyst-substrate interaction framework, AD-based kinetic resolution of allylic amides is realized. This method enables such versatile chiral building blocks to be easily accessed with excellent enantiomeric excesses (ee's).
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengcheng Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Fumin Chen
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.,Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Qianqian Mu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
| | - Chen Xu
- Shenzhen Grubbs Institute and Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Catalysis, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, China
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20
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Du W, Zheng Y, Wang X, Lei J, Wang H, Tian X, Zou S, Bloino J, Gou Q, Caminati W, Grabow JU. Scissor-like Face to Face π-π Stacking: A Surprising Preference Induced by the Isocyano Group in the Self-Assembled Dimer of Phenyl Isocyanide. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:9934-9940. [PMID: 36259781 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.2c02807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Phenyl isocyanide has been chosen as a prototype to probe the π-π interaction modulated by the -NC group, which has a chameleonic nature with two main resonance forms showing a triple bond and being carbenoid. The rotational spectroscopic investigation complemented with theoretical analyses indicates that the phenyl isocyanide dimer has a scissor-like configuration controlled by dispersive forces along with the formation of π-π stacking. This is the first rotational spectroscopic evidence, to the best of our knowledge, that the mono-substitution by an -NC group on benzene can activate the meta position in forming noncovalent interactions. This work also provides experimental evidence on the importance of substituent effects in modulating π-π stacked structures, as well as practical proof of a biased interaction behavior of isocyanide-substituted aromatic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiping Du
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Yang Zheng
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiujuan Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Juncheng Lei
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Hao Wang
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Xiao Tian
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Siyu Zou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Julien Bloino
- Scuola Normale Superiore, Piazza dei Cavalieri 7, 56126 Pisa, Italy
| | - Qian Gou
- Department of Chemistry, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Chongqing University, Shapingba, Chongqing 401331, China
| | - Walther Caminati
- Dipartimento di Chimica "G. Ciamician", Università di Bologna, I-40126 Bologna, Italy
| | - Jens-Uwe Grabow
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie & Elektrochemie, Leibniz Universität Hannover, 30167 Hannover, Germany
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21
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Yamada M, Kurihara Y, Koizumi M, Tsuji K, Maeda Y, Suzuki M. Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202212279. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yukiyo Kurihara
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Masaaki Koizumi
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Kasumi Tsuji
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Department of Chemistry Tokyo Gakugei University Nukuikitamachi 4-1-1, Koganei Tokyo 184-8501 Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Department of Chemistry Josai University Sakado Saitama 350-0295 Japan
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22
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Yamada M, Kurihara Y, Koizumi M, Tsuji K, Maeda Y, Suzuki M. Understanding the Nature and Strength of Noncovalent Face‐to‐Face Arene–Fullerene Interactions. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202212279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Michio Yamada
- Tokyo Gakugei University Department of Chemistry 4-1-1 Nukuikitamachi 184-8501 Koganei, Tokyo JAPAN
| | - Yukiyo Kurihara
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Masaaki Koizumi
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Kasumi Tsuji
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Yutaka Maeda
- Tokyo Gakugei University: Tokyo Gakugei Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
| | - Mitsuaki Suzuki
- Josai University: Josai Daigaku Department of Chemistry JAPAN
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