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López-Sánchez J, Del Campo A, Quesada A, Rivelles A, Abuín M, Sainz R, Sebastiani-Tofano E, Rubio-Zuazo J, Ochoa DA, Fernández JF, García JE, Rubio-Marcos F. Concomitant Light-Reversible Magnetic Response in Multiferroic Oxide Heterostructures for Multiphysics Applications. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:19866-19876. [PMID: 38587105 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c02551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
The concept of multiphysics, where materials respond to diverse external stimuli, such as magnetic fields, electric fields, light irradiation, stress, heat, and chemical reactions, plays a fundamental role in the development of innovative devices. Nanomanufacturing, especially in low-dimensional systems, enhances the synergistic interactions taking place on the nanoscale. Light-matter interaction, rather than electric fields, holds great promise for achieving low-power, wireless control over magnetism, solving two major technological problems: the feasibility of electrical contacts at smaller scales and the undesired heating of the devices. Here, we shed light on the remarkable reversible modulation of magnetism using visible light in epitaxial Fe3O4/BaTiO3 heterostructure. This achievement is underpinned by the convergence of two distinct mechanisms. First, the magnetoelastic effect, triggered by ferroelectric domain switching, induces a proportional change in coercivity and remanence upon laser illumination. Second, light-matter interaction induces charged ferroelectric domain walls' electrostatic decompensations, acting intimately on the magnetization of the epitaxial Fe3O4 film by magnetoelectric coupling. Crucially, our experimental results vividly illustrate the capability to manipulate magnetic properties using visible light. This concomitant mechanism provides a promising avenue for low-intensity visible-light manipulation of magnetism, offering potential applications in multiferroic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesús López-Sánchez
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adolfo Del Campo
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Adrián Quesada
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Alejandro Rivelles
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Manuel Abuín
- Instituto de Sistemas Optoelectrónicos y Microtecnología (ISOM), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Sainz
- Instituto de Catálisis y Petroleoquímica─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas, (ICP─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Eugenia Sebastiani-Tofano
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish CRG BM25─SpLine at the ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Juan Rubio-Zuazo
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Madrid─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICMM─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
- Spanish CRG BM25─SpLine at the ESRF─The European Synchrotron, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Diego A Ochoa
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - José F Fernández
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - José E García
- Department of Physics, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya (UPC), 08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Fernando Rubio-Marcos
- Department of Electroceramics, Instituto de Cerámica y Vidrio─Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (ICV─CSIC), 28049 Madrid, Spain
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Kanegawa S, Wu SQ, Zhou Z, Shiota Y, Nakanishi T, Yoshizawa K, Sato O. Polar Crystals Using Molecular Chirality: Pseudosymmetric Crystallization toward Polarization Switching Materials. J Am Chem Soc 2024. [PMID: 38604977 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c02882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
Polar compounds with switchable polarization properties are applicable in various devices such as ferroelectric memory and pyroelectric sensors. However, a strategy to prepare polar compounds has not been established. We report a rational synthesis of a polar CoGa crystal using chiral cth ligands (SS-cth and RR-cth, cth = 5,7,7,12,14,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraazacyclotetradecane). Both the original homo metal Co crystal and Ga crystal exhibit a centrosymmetric isostructure, where the dipole moment of metal complexes with the SS-cth ligand and those with the RR-cth ligand are canceled out. To obtain a polar compound, the Co valence tautomeric complex with SS-cth in the homo metal Co crystal is replaced with the Ga complex with SS-cth by mixing Co valence tautomeric complexes with RR-cth and Ga complexes with SS-cth. The CoGa crystal exhibits polarization switching between the pseudononpolar state at a low temperature and the polar state at a high temperature because only Co complexes exhibit changes in electric dipole moment due to metal-to-ligand charge transfer. Following the same strategy, the polarization-switchable CoZn complex was synthesized. The CoZn crystal exhibits polarization switching between the polar state at a low temperature and the pseudononpolar state at a high temperature, which is the opposite temperature dependence to that of the CoGa crystal. These results revealed that the polar crystal can be synthesized by design, using a chiral ligand. Moreover, our method allows for the control of temperature-dependent polarization changes, which contrasts with typical ferroelectric compounds, in which the polar ferroelectric phase typically occurs at low temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Ziqi Zhou
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yoshihito Shiota
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakanishi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kazunari Yoshizawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
- Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Xu WH, Huang YB, Zheng WW, Su SQ, Kanegawa S, Wu SQ, Sato O. Photo-induced valence tautomerism and polarization switching in mononuclear cobalt complexes with an enantiopure chiral ligand. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:2512-2516. [PMID: 38224229 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt03915c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2024]
Abstract
Light-induced polarization switchable molecular materials have attracted attention for decades owing to their potential remote manipulation and ultrafast responsiveness. Here we report a valence tautomeric (VT) complex with an enantiopure chiral ligand. By a suitable choice of counter anions, a significant improvement in photoconversion has been demonstrated, leading to novel photo-responsive polarization switching materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Huang Xu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Yu-Bo Huang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Wen-Wei Zheng
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Sheng-Qun Su
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan.
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Huang YB, Li JQ, Xu WH, Zheng W, Zhang X, Gao KG, Ji T, Ikeda T, Nakanishi T, Kanegawa S, Wu SQ, Su SQ, Sato O. Electrically Detectable Photoinduced Polarization Switching in a Molecular Prussian Blue Analogue. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:201-209. [PMID: 38134356 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c07545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Light, a nondestructive and remotely controllable external stimulus, effectively triggers a variety of electron-transfer phenomena in metal complexes. One prime example includes using light in molecular cyanide-bridged [FeCo] bimetallic Prussian blue analogues, where it switches the system between the electron-transferred metastable state and the system's ground state. If this process is coupled to a ferroelectric-type phase transition, the generation and disappearance of macroscopic polarization, entirely under light control, become possible. In this research, we successfully executed a nonpolar-to-polar phase transition in a trinuclear cyanide-bridged [Fe2Co] complex crystal via directional electron transfer. Intriguingly, by exposing the crystal to the wavelength of light─785 nm─without any electric field─we can drive this ferroelectric phase transition to completely depolarize the crystal, during which a measurable electric current response can be detected. These discoveries signify an important step toward the realization of fully light-controlled ferroelectric memory devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Bo Huang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Jun-Qiu Li
- Chaozhou Three-circle (Group) Co., Ltd., Sanhuan Industrial District, Fengtang, Chaozhou 515646, Guangdong, China
| | - Wen-Huang Xu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Wenwei Zheng
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Xiaopeng Zhang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Kai-Ge Gao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu 225009, PR China
| | - Tianchi Ji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Taisuke Ikeda
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Takumi Nakanishi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sheng-Qun Su
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Su SQ, Wu SQ, Kanegawa S, Yamamoto K, Sato O. Control of electronic polarization via charge ordering and electron transfer: electronic ferroelectrics and electronic pyroelectrics. Chem Sci 2023; 14:10631-10643. [PMID: 37829034 PMCID: PMC10566498 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc03432a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Ferroelectric, pyroelectric, and piezoelectric compounds whose electric polarization properties can be controlled by external stimuli such as electric field, temperature, and pressure have various applications, including ferroelectric memory materials, sensors, and thermal energy-conversion devices. Numerous polarization switching compounds, particularly molecular ferroelectrics and pyroelectrics, have been developed. In these materials, the polarization switching usually proceeds via ion displacement and reorientation of polar molecules, which are responsible for the change in ionic polarization and orientational polarization, respectively. Recently, the development of electronic ferroelectrics, in which the mechanism of polarization change is charge ordering and electron transfer, has attracted great attention. In this article, representative examples of electronic ferroelectrics are summarized, including (TMTTF)2X (TMTTF = tetramethyl-tetrathiafulvalene, X = anion), α-(BEDT-TTF)2I3 (BEDT-TTF = bis(ethylenedithio)-tetrathiafulvalene), TTF-CA (TTF = tetrathiafulvalene, CA = p-chloranil), and [(n-C3H7)4N][FeIIIFeII(dto)3] (dto = 1,2-dithiooxalate = C2O2S2). Furthermore, polarization switching materials using directional electron transfer in nonferroelectrics, the so-called electronic pyroelectrics, such as [(Cr(SS-cth))(Co(RR-cth))(μ-dhbq)](PF6)3 (dhbq = deprotonated 2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone, cth = 5,5,7,12,12,14-hexamethyl-1,4,8,11-tetraaza-cyclotetradecane), are introduced. Future prospects are also discussed, particularly the development of new properties in polarization switching through the manipulation of electronic polarization in electronic ferroelectrics and electronic pyroelectrics by taking advantage of the inherent properties of electrons.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng-Qun Su
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
| | - Kaoru Yamamoto
- Department of Applied Physics, Okayama University of Science Okayama 700-0005 Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku Fukuoka 819-0395 Japan
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Nakanishi T, Hori Y, Shigeta Y, Sato H, Kiyanagi R, Munakata K, Ohhara T, Okazawa A, Shimada R, Sakamoto A, Sato O. Development of an Iron(II) Complex Exhibiting Thermal- and Photoinduced Double Proton-Transfer-Coupled Spin Transition in a Short Hydrogen Bond. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:19177-19181. [PMID: 37623927 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c06323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
Multiple proton transfer (PT) controllable by external stimuli plays a crucial role in fundamental chemistry, biological activity, and material science. However, in crystalline systems, controlling multiple PT, which results in a distinct protonation state, remains challenging. In this study, we developed a novel tridentate ligand and iron(II) complex with a short hydrogen bond (HB) that exhibits a PT-coupled spin transition (PCST). Single-crystal X-ray and neutron diffraction measurements revealed that the positions of the two protons in the complex can be controlled by temperature and photoirradiation based on the thermal- and photoinduced PCST. The obtained results suggest that designing molecules that form short HBs is a promising approach for developing multiple PT systems in crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takumi Nakanishi
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yuta Hori
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Yasuteru Shigeta
- Center for Computational Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8577, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Sato
- Rigaku Corporation, 3-9-12 Matsubaracho, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8666, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kiyanagi
- J-PARC center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Koji Munakata
- J-PARC center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Takashi Ohhara
- J-PARC center, Japan Atomic Energy Agency, Tokai, Ibaraki 319-1195, Japan
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 169-8555, Japan
| | - Rintaro Shimada
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Akira Sakamoto
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering & IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka 819-0395, Japan
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Zhang X, Xu WH, Zheng W, Su SQ, Huang YB, Shui Q, Ji T, Uematsu M, Chen Q, Tokunaga M, Gao K, Okazawa A, Kanegawa S, Wu SQ, Sato O. Magnetoelectricity Enhanced by Electron Redistribution in a Spin Crossover [FeCo] Complex. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:15647-15651. [PMID: 37462373 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c02977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2023]
Abstract
Molecular-based magnetoelectric materials are among the most promising materials for next-generation magnetoelectric memory devices. However, practical application of existing molecular systems has proven difficult largely because the polarization change is far lower than the practical threshold of the ME memory devices. Herein, we successfully obtained an [FeCo] dinuclear complex that exhibits a magnetic field-induced spin crossover process, resulting in a significant polarization change of 0.45 μC cm-2. Mössbauer spectroscopy and theoretical calculations suggest that the asymmetric structural change, coupled with electron redistribution, leads to the observed polarization change. Our approach provides a new strategy toward rationally enhancing the polarization change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopeng Zhang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Wen-Huang Xu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Wenwei Zheng
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Sheng-Qun Su
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Yu-Bo Huang
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Qirui Shui
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Tianchi Ji
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Mikoto Uematsu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Qian Chen
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Masashi Tokunaga
- Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, 277-8581, Japan
| | - Kaige Gao
- College of Physical Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Jiangsu, 225009, China
| | - Atsushi Okazawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Okubo 3-4-1, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Shinji Kanegawa
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Shu-Qi Wu
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Osamu Sato
- Institute for Materials Chemistry and Engineering and IRCCS, Kyushu University, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
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