1
|
Shen W, Zhang C, Wang G, Li Y, Zhang X, Cui Y, Hu Z, Shen S, Xu X, Cao Y, Li X, Wen J, Lin J. Variation pattern in the macromolecular (cellulose, hemicelluloses, lignin) composition of cell walls in Pinus tabulaeformis tree trunks at different ages as revealed using multiple techniques. Int J Biol Macromol 2024:131619. [PMID: 38692998 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 02/27/2024] [Accepted: 04/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/03/2024]
Abstract
The plant cell wall is a complex, heterogeneous structure primarily composed of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin. Exploring the variations in these three macromolecules over time is crucial for understanding wood formation to enhance chemical processing and utilization. Here, we comprehensively analyzed the chemical composition of cell walls in the trunks of Pinus tabulaeformis using multiple techniques. In situ analysis showed that macromolecules accumulated gradually in the cell wall as the plant aged, and the distribution pattern of lignin was opposite that of polysaccharides, and both showed heterogenous distribution patterns. In addition, gel permeation chromatography (GPC) results revealed that the molecular weights of hemicelluloses decreased while that of lignin increased with age. Two-dimensional heteronuclear single quantum coherence nuclear magnetic resonance (2D-HSQC NMR) analysis indicated that hemicelluloses mainly comprised galactoglucomannan and arabinoglucuronoxylan, and the lignin types were mainly comprised guaiacyl (G) and p-hydroxyphenyl (H) units with three main linkage types: β-O-4, β-β, and β-5. Furthermore, the C-O bond (β-O-4) signals of lignin decreased while the C-C bonds (β-β and β-5) signals increased over time. Taken together, these findings shed light on wood formation in P. tabulaeformis and lay the foundation for enhancing the processing and use of wood and timber products.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Chen Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Guangchao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yujian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Yaning Cui
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Zijian Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Shiya Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Xiuping Xu
- Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
| | - Yuan Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, China
| | - Xiaojuan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China
| | - Jialong Wen
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Lignocellulosic Chemistry, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| | - Jinxing Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Efficient Production of Forest Resources, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; Institute of Tree Development and Genome Editing, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China; National Engineering Research Center of Tree Breeding and Ecological Restoration, College of Biological Sciences and Technology, Beijing Forestry University, Beijing 100083, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Rong F, Lv Y, Deng P, Wu X, Zhang Y, Yue E, Shen Y, Muhammad S, Ni F, Bian H, Wei X, Zhou W, Hu P, Wu L. Switching action modes of miR408-5p mediates auxin signaling in rice. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2525. [PMID: 38514635 PMCID: PMC10958043 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-46765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2023] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) play fundamental roles in many developmental and physiological processes in eukaryotes. MiRNAs in plants generally regulate their targets via either mRNA cleavage or translation repression; however, which approach plays a major role and whether these two function modes can shift remains elusive. Here, we identify a miRNA, miR408-5p that regulates AUXIN/INDOLE ACETIC ACID 30 (IAA30), a critical repressor in the auxin pathway via switching action modes in rice. We find that miR408-5p usually inhibits IAA30 protein translation, but in a high auxin environment, it promotes the decay of IAA30 mRNA when it is overproduced. We further demonstrate that IDEAL PLANT ARCHITECTURE1 (IPA1), an SPL transcription factor regulated by miR156, mediates leaf inclination through association with miR408-5p precursor promoter. We finally show that the miR156-IPA1-miR408-5p-IAA30 module could be controlled by miR393, which silences auxin receptors. Together, our results define an alternative auxin transduction signaling pathway in rice that involves the switching of function modes by miR408-5p, which contributes to a better understanding of the action machinery as well as the cooperative network of miRNAs in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fuxi Rong
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Yusong Lv
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Pingchuan Deng
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China
| | - Xia Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yaqi Zhang
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China
| | - Erkui Yue
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Yuxin Shen
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Sajid Muhammad
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Fangrui Ni
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Hongwu Bian
- Institute of Genetics and Regenerative Biology, Key Laboratory for Cell and Gene Engineering of Zhejiang Province, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Xiangjin Wei
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Weijun Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China
| | - Peisong Hu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, China National Center for Rice Improvement, China National Rice Research Institute, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310006, China
| | - Liang Wu
- National Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310058, China.
- Hainan Yazhou Bay Seed Laboratory, Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Sanya, Hainan, 572000, China.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Wang Y, Wen J, Li S, Li J, Yu H, Li Y, Ren X, Wang L, Tang J, Zhang X, Liu Z, Peng L. Upgrading pectin methylation for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification and cadmium phytoremediation in rice Ospmes site-mutants. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 262:130137. [PMID: 38354940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 02/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Crop straws provide enormous biomass residues applicable for biofuel production and trace metal phytoremediation. However, as lignocellulose recalcitrance determines a costly process with potential secondary waste liberation, genetic modification of plant cell walls is deemed as a promising solution. Although pectin methylation plays an important role for plant cell wall construction and integrity, little is known about its regulation roles on lignocellulose hydrolysis and trace metal elimination. In this study, we initially performed a typical CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing for site mutations of OsPME31, OsPME34 and OsPME79 in rice, and then determined significantly upgraded pectin methylation degrees in the young seedlings of three distinct site-mutants compared to their wild type. We then examined distinctively improved lignocellulose recalcitrance in three mutants including reduced cellulose levels, crystallinity and polymerization or raised hemicellulose deposition and cellulose accessibility, which led to specifically enlarged biomass porosity either for consistently enhanced biomass enzymatic saccharification under mild alkali pretreatments or for cadmium (Cd) accumulation up to 2.4-fold. Therefore, this study proposed a novel model to elucidate how pectin methylation could play a unique enhancement role for both lignocellulose enzymatic hydrolysis and Cd phytoremediation, providing insights into precise pectin modification for effective biomass utilization and efficient trace metal exclusion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanting Wang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaxue Wen
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Sufang Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaying Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Hua Yu
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yunong Li
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Xifeng Ren
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lingqiang Wang
- Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jingfeng Tang
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Zhongqi Liu
- Key Laboratory of Original Agro-Environmental Pollution Prevention & Control, Agro-Environmental Protection Institute, Ministry of Agriculture & Rural Affairs, Tianjin 300191, China
| | - Liangcai Peng
- Key Laboratory of Fermentation Engineering (Ministry of Education), National "111" Center for Cellular Regulation & Molecular Pharmaceutics, Cooperative Innovation Center of Industrial Fermentation, Ministry of Education & Hubei Province, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Microbiology, Hubei University of Technology, Wuhan 430068, China; Biomass & Bioenergy Research Centre, College of Plant Science & Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Zhu Y, Li L. Wood of trees: Cellular structure, molecular formation, and genetic engineering. J Integr Plant Biol 2024; 66:443-467. [PMID: 38032010 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/28/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023]
Abstract
Wood is an invaluable asset to human society due to its renewable nature, making it suitable for both sustainable energy production and material manufacturing. Additionally, wood derived from forest trees plays a crucial role in sequestering a significant portion of the carbon dioxide fixed during photosynthesis by terrestrial plants. Nevertheless, with the expansion of the global population and ongoing industrialization, forest coverage has been substantially decreased, resulting in significant challenges for wood production and supply. Wood production practices have changed away from natural forests toward plantation forests. Thus, understanding the underlying genetic mechanisms of wood formation is the foundation for developing high-quality, fast-growing plantation trees. Breeding ideal forest trees for wood production using genetic technologies has attracted the interest of many. Tremendous studies have been carried out in recent years on the molecular, genetic, and cell-biological mechanisms of wood formation, and considerable progress and findings have been achieved. These studies and findings indicate enormous possibilities and prospects for tree improvement. This review will outline and assess the cellular and molecular mechanisms of wood formation, as well as studies on genetically improving forest trees, and address future development prospects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yingying Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems and College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, 730000, China
| | - Laigeng Li
- National Key Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics, CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular Plant Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Wen S, Zhou C, Tian C, Yang N, Zhang C, Zheng A, Chen Y, Lai Z, Guo Y. Identification and Validation of the miR156 Family Involved in Drought Responses and Tolerance in Tea Plants ( Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze). Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:201. [PMID: 38256754 PMCID: PMC10819883 DOI: 10.3390/plants13020201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
The microRNA156 (miR156) family, one of the first miRNA families discovered in plants, plays various important roles in plant growth and resistance to various abiotic stresses. Previously, miR156s were shown to respond to drought stress, but miR156s in tea plants (Camellia sinensis (L.) O. Kuntze) have not been comprehensively identified and analyzed. Herein, we identify 47 mature sequences and 28 precursor sequences in tea plants. Our evolutionary analysis and multiple sequence alignment revealed that csn-miR156s were highly conserved during evolution and that the rates of the csn-miR156 members' evolution were different. The precursor sequences formed typical and stable stem-loop structures. The prediction of cis-acting elements in the CsMIR156s promoter region showed that the CsMIR156s had diverse cis-acting elements; of these, 12 CsMIR156s were found to be drought-responsive elements. The results of reverse transcription quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) testing showed that csn-miR156 family members respond to drought and demonstrate different expression patterns under the conditions of drought stress. This suggests that csn-miR156 family members may be significantly involved in the response of tea plants to drought stress. Csn-miR156f-2-5p knockdown significantly reduced the Fv/Fm value and chlorophyll content and led to the accumulation of more-reactive oxygen species and proline compared with the control. The results of target gene prediction showed that csn-miR156f-2-5p targeted SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein-like (SPL) genes. Further analyses showed that CsSPL14 was targeted by csn-miR156f-2-5p, as confirmed through RT-qPCR, 5' RLM-RACE, and antisense oligonucleotide validation. Our results demonstrate that csn-miR156f-2-5p and CsSPL14 are involved in drought response and represent a new strategy for increasing drought tolerance via the breeding of tea plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shengjing Wen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Chengzhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Caiyun Tian
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Niannian Yang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Cheng Zhang
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Anru Zheng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Yixing Chen
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongxiong Lai
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Institute of Horticultural Biotechnology, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Yuqiong Guo
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China; (S.W.); (C.Z.); (C.T.); (N.Y.); (C.Z.); (A.Z.); (Y.C.); (Z.L.)
- Anxi College of Tea Science (College of Digital Economy), Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou 362400, China
| |
Collapse
|