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Lyndin M, Kravtsova O, Sikora K, Lyndina Y, Kuzenko Y, Awuah WA, Abdul-Rahman T, Hyriavenko N, Sikora V, Romaniuk A. COX2 Effects on endometrial carcinomas progression. Pathol Res Pract 2022; 238:154082. [PMID: 36049440 DOI: 10.1016/j.prp.2022.154082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Uterine corpus cancer is one of the most prevalent gynecologic malignancies, among which endometrial cancers (EC) represent about 90 %. Despite the proven predictive value of several immunohistochemical markers, there remains a need to identify new indicators of EC progression and exploit them for therapeutic purposes. Potential candidates with diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy include cyclooxygenases (COXs). We studied 50 EC cases: 30 endometrioid (EEC), 10 serous (SEC), 10 clear-cell endometrial carcinomas (CCEC) and 10 cases of normal endometrial tissues. We investigated the expression of COX2, ER, PR, Ki-67, EGFR, p53, Bcl-2, VEGF, MMP1, CD31, and CD163 immunohistochemically. COX2 levels in EC tissue are elevated compared to the normal endometrium and depend on tumour histological features and differentiation. Elevated COX2 leads to increased tumour cell proliferation, apoptosis inhibition, increased VEGF expression, microvessel density, and M2 macrophage infiltration, and inhibition of PR expression. ER, EGFR, and MMP1 levels are unaffected by COX2, whose levels are independent of patient age and FIGO stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lyndin
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - O Kravtsova
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - K Sikora
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine; Sumy Regional Clinical Perinatal Center, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Yu Lyndina
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - Ye Kuzenko
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - W A Awuah
- Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | | | - N Hyriavenko
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - V Sikora
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
| | - A Romaniuk
- Department of Pathology, Sumy State University, Sumy, Ukraine.
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Ghilas S, O’Keefe R, Mielke LA, Raghu D, Buchert M, Ernst M. Crosstalk between epithelium, myeloid and innate lymphoid cells during gut homeostasis and disease. Front Immunol 2022; 13:944982. [PMID: 36189323 PMCID: PMC9524271 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.944982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut epithelium not only provides a physical barrier to separate a noxious outside from a sterile inside but also allows for highly regulated interactions between bacteria and their products, and components of the immune system. Homeostatic maintenance of an intact epithelial barrier is paramount to health, requiring an intricately regulated and highly adaptive response of various cells of the immune system. Prolonged homeostatic imbalance can result in chronic inflammation, tumorigenesis and inefficient antitumor immune control. Here we provide an update on the role of innate lymphoid cells, macrophages and dendritic cells, which collectively play a critical role in epithelial barrier maintenance and provide an important linkage between the classical innate and adaptive arm of the immune system. These interactions modify the capacity of the gut epithelium to undergo continuous renewal, safeguard against tumor formation and provide feedback to the gut microbiome, which acts as a seminal contributor to cellular homeostasis of the gut.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Ghilas
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Ryan O’Keefe
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Lisa Anna Mielke
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Dinesh Raghu
- Mucosal Immunity Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Michael Buchert
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
| | - Matthias Ernst
- Cancer and Inflammation Program, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University - School of Cancer Medicine, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
- *Correspondence: Michael Buchert, ; Matthias Ernst,
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3
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Li H, Yan X, Ou S. Correlation of the prognostic value of FNDC4 in glioblastoma with macrophage polarization. Cancer Cell Int 2022; 22:273. [PMID: 36056336 PMCID: PMC9440505 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-022-02688-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioblastoma is among the most malignant tumors in the central nervous system and characterized by strong invasion and poor prognosis. Fibronectin type III domain-containing 4 (FNDC4) plays various important roles in the human body, including participating in cellular metabolism and inflammatory responses to cardiovascular diseases, influencing immune cells, and exerting anti-inflammatory effects; however, the role of FNDC4 in glioblastoma has not been reported. METHODS In this study, bioinformatics databases, including TCGA, CGGA, GTEx, and TIMER, were used to analyze the differential expression of FNDC4 genes and cell survival, in addition to investigating its relationship with immune cell infiltration. Additionally, we overexpressed FNDC4 in glioblastoma cell lines U87 and U251 by lentiviral transfection and detected changes in proliferation, cell cycle progression, and apoptosis. Following collection of monocytes from the peripheral blood of healthy individuals and transformation into M0 macrophages, we performed flow cytometry to detect the polarizing effect of exogenous FNDC4, as well as the effect of FNDC4-overexpressing glioblastoma cells on macrophage polarization in a co-culture system. RESULTS We identified that significantly higher FNDC4 expression in glioblastoma tissue relative to normal brain tissue was associated with worse prognosis. Moreover, we found that FNDC4 overexpression in U87 and U251 cells resulted in increased proliferation and affected the S phase of tumor cells, whereas cell apoptosis remained unchanged. Furthermore, exogenous FNDC4 inhibited the M1 polarization of M0 macrophages without affecting M2 polarization; this was also observed in glioblastoma cells overexpressing FNDC4. CONCLUSIONS FNDC4 expression is elevated in glioblastoma, closely associated with poor prognosis, and promoted the proliferation of glioblastoma cells, affected the S phase of tumor cells while inhibiting macrophage polarization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwu Li
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital of Nantong City (Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University), Nantong, China
| | - Xiaofei Yan
- Department of Pathology, The First People's Hospital of Nantong City (Affiliated Hospital 2 of Nantong University), Nantong, China
| | - Shaowu Ou
- Department of Neurosurgery, First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China.
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Liu Y, Wang X, Zhu Y, Cao Y, Wang L, Li F, Zhang Y, Li Y, Zhang Z, Luo J, Deng X, Peng C, Wei G, Chen H, Shen B. The CTCF/LncRNA‐PACERR complex recruits E1A binding protein p300 to induce pro‐tumour macrophages in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma via directly regulating PTGS2 expression. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e654. [PMID: 35184402 PMCID: PMC8858628 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.654] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2021] [Revised: 10/31/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tumour‐associated macrophages (TAMs) play an important role in promoting the progression of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Here, we aimed to study the epigenetic mechanisms in regulating pro‐tumour M2‐polarised TAMs in the PDAC tumour microenvironment. Methods This study was conducted based on ex vivo TAMs isolated from PDAC tissues and in vitro THP1‐derived TAM model. RNA‐sequencing (RNA‐seq), assay for transposase‐accessible chromatin with sequencing and chromatin immunoprecipitation sequencing were performed to investigate gene expression, chromatin accessibility, transcription factor binding sites and histone modifications. Gene knockdown in THP1‐derived TAMs was performed with lentivirus, and the impact of THP1‐derived TAMs on invasion and metastasis ability of PDAC cells were investigated with in vitro and in vivo functional assays. RNA‐chromatin interaction was analysed by chromatin isolation through RNA purification with sequencing. RNA‐protein interaction was studied by RNA immunoprecipitation and RNA pull‐down. Results Our data showed that the transcription factor CTCF (CCCTC‐binding factor) was highly expressed in TAMs and predicted to be significantly enriched in hyper‐accessible chromatin regions when compared to monocytes. High infiltration of CTCF+ TAMs was significantly associated with poor prognosis in PDAC patients. Knockdown of CTCF in THP1‐derived TAMs led to the down‐regulation of specific markers for M2‐polarised TAMs, including CD206 and CD163. When THP1‐derived TAMs with CTCF knockdown, they showed a decreased ability of invasion and metastasis. Further integrative analysis of multi‐omics data revealed that prostaglandin‐endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2) and PTGS2 antisense NF‐κB1 complex‐mediated expression regulator RNA (PACERR) were critical downstream targets of CTCF and positively correlated with each other, which are closely situated on a chromosome. Knockdown of PACERR exhibited a similar phenotype as observed in CTCF knockdown THP1‐derived TAMs. Moreover, PACERR could directly bind to CTCF and recruit histone acetyltransferase E1A binding protein p300 to the promoter regions of PACERR and PTGS2, thereby enhancing histone acetylation and gene transcription, promoting the M2 polarization of TAMs in PDAC. Conclusions Our study demonstrated a novel epigenetic regulation mechanism of promoting pro‐tumour M2‐polarised TAMs in the PDAC tumour microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihao Liu
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Xuelong Wang
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Youwei Zhu
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Yizhi Cao
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Liwen Wang
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Fanlu Li
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Yu Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Ying Li
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Zhiqiang Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Jiaxin Luo
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Xiaxing Deng
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Chenghong Peng
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Gang Wei
- CAS Key Laboratory of Computational Biology Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
| | - Baiyong Shen
- Department of General Surgery Pancreatic Disease Center Ruijin Hospital Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- Research Institute of Pancreatic Diseases Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine Shanghai China
- State Key Laboratory of Oncogenes and Related Genes, Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiao Tong University Shanghai China
- Institute of Translational Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Shanghai China
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Li W, Zhang Z, Wang B, Liang N, Zhou Q, Long S. MicroRNA and cyclooxygenase-2 in breast cancer. Clin Chim Acta 2021; 522:36-44. [PMID: 34389281 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2021.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Cancer remains a major public health problem worldwide and the latest statistics show that breast cancer (BC) is among the most frequent in women. MicroRNAs (miRNAs; miRs) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are new diagnostic and therapeutic biomarkers for monitoring BC. COX-2 is a prominent tumor-associated inflammatory factor highly expressed in human tumor cells, including BC. Expression of COX-2 contributes to tumor growth, metastasis and recurrence. MiRs are a group of short (~22 nucleotides), noncoding regulatory RNAs that downregulate gene expression post-transcriptionally and play vital roles in regulating cancer development and progression. Interestingly, there are a group of miRNAs differentially expressed in breast tumor tissue. Understanding the pathway linking miRNAs to COX-2 can provide novel insight for suppressing COX-2 expression via gene silencing thereby leading to the development of selective miRNA inhibitors. Further research can also reveal key intermediate players and their potential as therapeutic targets. Given the association between different miRNAs and COX-2 expression in BC, this review presents a comprehensive overview of the current literature concerning how miRNAs and COX-2 signaling interact in BC progression.
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Gong Z, Huang W, Wang B, Liang N, Long S, Li W, Zhou Q. Interplay between cyclooxygenase‑2 and microRNAs in cancer (Review). Mol Med Rep 2021; 23:347. [PMID: 33760116 PMCID: PMC7974460 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2021.11986] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor‑associated inflammation and aberrantly expressed biomarkers have been demonstrated to play crucial roles in the cancer microenvironment. Cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2), a prominent inflammatory factor, is highly expressed in tumor cells and contributes to tumor growth, recurrence and metastasis. Overexpression of COX‑2 may occur at both transcriptional and post‑transcriptional levels. Thus, an improved understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of COX‑2 can facilitate the development of novel antitumor therapies. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are a group of small non‑coding RNAs that act as translation repressors of target mRNAs, and play vital roles in regulating cancer development and progression. The present review discusses the association between miRNAs and COX‑2 expression in different types of cancer. Understanding the regulatory role of miRNAs in COX‑2 post‑transcription can provide novel insight for suppressing COX‑2 expression via gene silencing mechanisms, which offer new perspectives and future directions for the development of novel COX‑2 selective inhibitors based on miRNAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zexiong Gong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Weiguo Huang
- Cancer Research Institute, Medical College of University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421001, P.R. China
| | - Baiyun Wang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Na Liang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Songkai Long
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Wanjun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
| | - Qier Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Nanhua Hospital, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan 421002, P.R. China
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8
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Yang J, Wen Z, Li W, Sun X, Ma J, She X, Zhang H, Tu C, Wang G, Huang D, Shen X, Dong J, Zhang H. Immune Microenvironment: New Insight for Familial Adenomatous Polyposis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:570241. [PMID: 33628741 PMCID: PMC7897671 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.570241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, the main treatment for familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is surgery, however, surgery is far from ideal as there are many complications such as uncontrollable bowel movements, pouch inflammation, anastomotic stricture, and secondary fibroids. Therefore, it is necessary to further expand the understanding of FAP and develop new treatments for FAP. The immune microenvironment including immune cells and cytokines, plays an important role in FAP and the progression of FAP to adenocarcinoma, thus it may be a promising treatment for FAP. In the current review, we summarized the recent progress in the immune microenvironment of FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Yang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Zhengqi Wen
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Wenliang Li
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Xianghua Sun
- Department of Cadre Recuperation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Junrui Ma
- Department of Nursing, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueke She
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Hongbin Zhang
- Department of Oncology, First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, China
| | - Changling Tu
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Guoqiang Wang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Depei Huang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Xudong Shen
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
| | - Jian Dong
- Department of Medical Oncology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Yunan Cancer Hospital, Kunming, China
| | - Hushan Zhang
- The Medical Department, 3D Medicines Inc., Shanghai, China
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Perisetti A, Goyal H, Tharian B, Inamdar S, Mehta JL. Aspirin for prevention of colorectal cancer in the elderly: friend or foe? Ann Gastroenterol 2021; 34:1-11. [PMID: 33414615 PMCID: PMC7774657 DOI: 10.20524/aog.2020.0556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer is the leading cause of death among men and women aged 60-79 years. Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer in males and the second most common in females, with about 0.8 million deaths worldwide per year. Individuals older than 50 years account for 20-50% of colonic adenomas. Several measures have been proposed to decrease colorectal cancer risks, such as an increase in dietary fiber, use of aspirin, and physical activity. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs have been proposed as protective agents against the development of colorectal cancer and colorectal adenomas. Aspirin was the first pharmacological agent endorsed by the United States Preventive Services Task Force screening for colorectal cancer chemoprevention. Although studies have shown up to 40% colorectal cancer risk reduction in individuals at average risk, data regarding this benefit are inconsistent. Several recent studies show that prophylactic use of aspirin in elderly subjects may not be beneficial in preventing the occurrence of colorectal cancers. Given the risks associated with aspirin, such as non-fatal and fatal bleeding events, aspirin's role should be redefined, especially in individuals at risk of bleeding. This review provides a discussion of the recent studies on the role of aspirin use in elderly individuals at risk of colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhilash Perisetti
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR (Abhilash Perisetti, Benjamin Tharian, Sumant Inamdar)
| | - Hemant Goyal
- Department of Internal Medicine, The Wright Center for Graduate Medical Education, Scranton, PA (Hemant Goyal)
| | - Benjamin Tharian
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR (Abhilash Perisetti, Benjamin Tharian, Sumant Inamdar)
| | - Sumant Inamdar
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR (Abhilash Perisetti, Benjamin Tharian, Sumant Inamdar)
| | - Jawahar L Mehta
- Division of Cardiology, Central Arkansas Veterans Healthcare System and the University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR (Jawahar L. Mehta), USA
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Kemp Bohan PM, Mankaney G, Vreeland TJ, Chick RC, Hale DF, Cindass JL, Hickerson AT, Ensley DC, Sohn V, Clifton GT, Peoples GE, Burke CA. Chemoprevention in familial adenomatous polyposis: past, present and future. Fam Cancer 2021; 20:23-33. [PMID: 32507936 PMCID: PMC7276278 DOI: 10.1007/s10689-020-00189-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Familial adenomatous polyposis (FAP) is a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome characterized by colorectal adenomas and a near 100% lifetime risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). Prophylactic colectomy, usually by age 40, is the gold-standard therapy to mitigate this risk. However, colectomy is associated with morbidity and fails to prevent extra-colonic disease manifestations, including gastric polyposis, duodenal polyposis and cancer, thyroid cancer, and desmoid disease. Substantial research has investigated chemoprevention medications in an aim to prevent disease progression, postponing the need for colectomy and temporizing the development of extracolonic disease. An ideal chemoprevention agent should have a biologically plausible mechanism of action, be safe and easily tolerated over a prolonged treatment period, and produce a durable and clinically meaningful effect. To date, no chemoprevention agent tested has fulfilled these criteria. New agents targeting novel pathways in FAP are needed. Substantial preclinical literature exists linking the molecular target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway to FAP. A single case report of rapamycin, an mTOR inhibitor, used as chemoprevention in FAP patients exists, but no formal clinical studies have been conducted. Here, we review the prior literature on chemoprevention in FAP, discuss the rationale for rapamycin in FAP, and outline a proposed clinical trial testing rapamycin as a chemoprevention agent in patients with FAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phillip M Kemp Bohan
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA.
| | - Gautam Mankaney
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Timothy J Vreeland
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Robert C Chick
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Diane F Hale
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Jessica L Cindass
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Annelies T Hickerson
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | - Daniel C Ensley
- Department of Urology, Brooke Army Medical Center, Ft. Sam Houston, TX, USA
| | - Vance Sohn
- Department of Surgery, Madigan Army Medical Center, Joint Base Lewis-McChord, Tacoma, WA, USA
| | - G Travis Clifton
- Department of Surgery, Brooke Army Medical Center, 3551 Roger Brooke Dr., Ft Sam Houston, TX, 78234, USA
| | | | - Carol A Burke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
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Elliot A, Myllymäki H, Feng Y. Inflammatory Responses during Tumour Initiation: From Zebrafish Transgenic Models of Cancer to Evidence from Mouse and Man. Cells 2020; 9:cells9041018. [PMID: 32325966 PMCID: PMC7226149 DOI: 10.3390/cells9041018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2020] [Revised: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The zebrafish is now an important model organism for cancer biology studies and provides unique and complementary opportunities in comparison to the mammalian equivalent. The translucency of zebrafish has allowed in vivo live imaging studies of tumour initiation and progression at the cellular level, providing novel insights into our understanding of cancer. Here we summarise the available transgenic zebrafish tumour models and discuss what we have gleaned from them with respect to cancer inflammation. In particular, we focus on the host inflammatory response towards transformed cells during the pre-neoplastic stage of tumour development. We discuss features of tumour-associated macrophages and neutrophils in mammalian models and present evidence that supports the idea that these inflammatory cells promote early stage tumour development and progression. Direct live imaging of tumour initiation in zebrafish models has shown that the intrinsic inflammation induced by pre-neoplastic cells is tumour promoting. Signals mediating leukocyte recruitment to pre-neoplastic cells in zebrafish correspond to the signals that mediate leukocyte recruitment in mammalian tumours. The activation state of macrophages and neutrophils recruited to pre-neoplastic cells in zebrafish appears to be heterogenous, as seen in mammalian models, which provides an opportunity to study the plasticity of innate immune cells during tumour initiation. Although several potential mechanisms are described that might mediate the trophic function of innate immune cells during tumour initiation in zebrafish, there are several unknowns that are yet to be resolved. Rapid advancement of genetic tools and imaging technologies for zebrafish will facilitate research into the mechanisms that modulate leukocyte function during tumour initiation and identify targets for cancer prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi Feng
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-(0)131-242-6685
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Miyata N, Morris LL, Chen Q, Thorne C, Singla A, Zhu W, Winter M, Melton SD, Li H, Sifuentes-Dominguez L, Llano E, Huff-Hardy K, Starokadomskyy P, Lopez A, Reese TA, Turer E, Billadeau DD, Winter SE, Burstein E. Microbial Sensing by Intestinal Myeloid Cells Controls Carcinogenesis and Epithelial Differentiation. Cell Rep 2018; 24:2342-55. [PMID: 30157428 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2017] [Revised: 05/24/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Physiologic microbe-host interactions in the intestine require the maintenance of the microbiota in a luminal compartment through a complex interplay between epithelial and immune cells. However, the roles of mucosal myeloid cells in this process remain incompletely understood. In this study, we identified that decreased myeloid cell phagocytic activity promotes colon tumorigenesis. We show that this is due to bacterial accumulation in the lamina propria and present evidence that the underlying mechanism is bacterial induction of prostaglandin production by myeloid cells. Moreover, we show that similar events in the normal colonic mucosa lead to reductions in Tuft cells, goblet cells, and the mucus barrier of the colonic epithelium. These alterations are again linked to the induction of prostaglandin production in response to bacterial penetration of the mucosa. Altogether, our work highlights immune cell-epithelial cell interactions triggered by the microbiota that control intestinal immunity, epithelial differentiation, and carcinogenesis.
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Abstract
Tumorigenesis is a multistep, complicated process, and many studies have been completed over the last few decades to elucidate this process. Increasingly, many studies have shifted focus toward the critical role of the tumor microenvironment (TME), which consists of cellular players, cell-cell communications, and extracellular matrix (ECM). In the TME, cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) has been found to be a key molecule mediating the microenvironment changes. COX-2 is an inducible form of the enzyme that converts arachidonic acid into the signal transduction molecules (thromboxanes and prostaglandins). COX-2 is frequently expressed in many types of cancers and has been closely linked to its occurrence, progression, and prognosis. For example, COX-2 has been shown to (1) regulate tumor cell growth, (2) promote tissue invasion and metastasis, (3) inhibit apoptosis, (4) suppress antitumor immunity, and (5) promote sustainable angiogenesis. In this chapter, we summarize recent advances of studies that have evaluated COX-2 signaling in TME.
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Ayiomamitis GD, Notas G, Vasilakaki T, Tsavari A, Vederaki S, Theodosopoulos T, Kouroumalis E, Zaravinos A. Understanding the Interplay between COX-2 and hTERT in Colorectal Cancer Using a Multi-Omics Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2019; 11:cancers11101536. [PMID: 31614548 PMCID: PMC6827032 DOI: 10.3390/cancers11101536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2019] [Revised: 09/07/2019] [Accepted: 10/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2) is involved in the initial steps of colorectal cancer (CRC) formation, playing a key role in the catalysis of arachidonic acid to prostaglandin E2 (PGE2). The human telomerase reverse transcriptase (hTERT or TERT) also plays an important role in colorectal cancer growth, conferring sustained cell proliferation and survival. Although hTERT induces COX-2 expression in gastric and cervical cancer, their interaction has not been investigated in the context of CRC. Methods: COX-2, PGE2 levels, and telomerase activity were evaluated by immunohistochemistry, ELISA, and TRAP assay in 49 colorectal cancer samples. PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES3, TERT mRNA, and protein levels were investigated using RNA-seq and antibody-based protein profiling data from the TCGA and HPA projects. A multi-omics comparison was performed between PTGS2 and TERT, using RNAseq, DNA methylation, copy number variations (CNVs), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), and insertions/deletions (Indels) data. Results: COX-2 expression was positive in 40/49 CRCs, bearing cytoplasmic and heterogeneous staining, from moderate to high intensity. COX-2 staining was mainly detected in the stroma of the tumor cells and the adjacent normal tissues. PGE2 expression was lower in CRC compared to the adjacent normal tissue, and inversely correlated to telomerase activity in right colon cancers. COX-1 and COX-2 were anticorrelated with TERT. Isoform structural analysis revealed the most prevalent transcripts driving the differential expression of PTGS1, PTGS2, PTGES3, and TERT in CRC. COX-2 expression was significantly higher among B-Raf proto-oncogene, serine/threonine kinase, mutant (BRAFmut) tumors. Kirsten ras oncogene (KRAS) mutations did not affect COX-2 or TERT expression. The promoter regions of COX-2 and TERT were reversely methylated. Conclusions: Our data support that COX-2 is involved in the early stages of colorectal cancer development, initially affecting the tumor’s stromal microenvironment, and, subsequently, the epithelial cells. They also highlight an inverse correlation between COX-2 expression and telomerase activity in CRC, as well as differentially methylated patterns within the promoter regions of COX-2 and TERT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Georgios D Ayiomamitis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
- 1st Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - George Notas
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Laboratory of Experimental Endocrinology, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Thivi Vasilakaki
- Department of Pathology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Aikaterini Tsavari
- Department of Pathology, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Styliani Vederaki
- 1st Department of Surgery, Tzaneio General Hospital, 18536 Piraeus, Greece.
| | - Theodosis Theodosopoulos
- 2nd Department of Surgery, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 11528 Athens, Greece.
| | - Elias Kouroumalis
- Laboratory of Gastroenterology Research, University of Crete, School of Medicine, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Hospital of Heraklion, 71013 Heraklion, Greece.
| | - Apostolos Zaravinos
- Department of Life Sciences European University Cyprus, Nicosia 1516, Cyprus.
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Meshram RJ, Bagul KT, Pawnikar SP, Barage SH, Kolte BS, Gacche RN. Known compounds and new lessons: structural and electronic basis of flavonoid-based bioactivities. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2019; 38:1168-1184. [DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2019.1597770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rohan J. Meshram
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Kamini T. Bagul
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Shristi P. Pawnikar
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Sagar H. Barage
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Panvel, Maharashtra, India
| | - Baban S. Kolte
- Bioinformatics Centre, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
| | - Rajesh N. Gacche
- Department of Biotechnology, Savitribai Phule Pune University, Pune, Maharashtra, India
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Linton SS, Abraham T, Liao J, Clawson GA, Butler PJ, Fox T, Kester M, Matters GL. Tumor-promoting effects of pancreatic cancer cell exosomes on THP-1-derived macrophages. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0206759. [PMID: 30383833 PMCID: PMC6211741 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0206759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) tumor growth is enhanced by tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), yet the mechanisms by which tumor cells and TAMs communicate are not fully understood. Here we show that exosomes secreted by PDAC cell lines differed in their surface proteins, lipid composition, and efficiency of fusing with THP-1-derived macrophages in vitro. Exosomes from AsPC-1, an ascites-derived human PDAC cell line, were enriched in ICAM-1, which mediated their docking to macrophages through interactions with surface-exposed CD11c on macrophages. AsPC-1 exosomes also contained much higher levels of arachidonic acid (AA), and they fused at a higher rate with THP-1-derived macrophages than did exosomes from other PDAC cell lines or from an immortalized normal pancreatic ductal epithelial cell line (HPDE) H6c7. Phospholipase A2 enzymatic cleavage of arachidonic acid from AsPC-1 exosomes reduced fusion efficiency. PGE2 secretion was elevated in macrophages treated with AsPC-1 exosomes but not in macrophages treated with exosomes from other cell lines, suggesting a functional role for the AsPC-1 exosome-delivered arachidonic acid in macrophages. Non-polarized (M0) macrophages treated with AsPC-1 exosomes had increased levels of surface markers indicative of polarization to an immunosuppressive M2-like phenotype (CD14hi CD163hi CD206hi). Furthermore, macrophages treated with AsPC-1 exosomes had significantly increased secretion of pro-tumoral, bioactive molecules including VEGF, MCP-1, IL-6, IL-1β, MMP-9, and TNFα. Together, these results demonstrate that compared to exosomes from other primary tumor-derived PDAC cell lines, AsPC-1 exosomes alter THP-1-derived macrophage phenotype and function. AsPC-1 exosomes mediate communication between tumor cells and TAMs that contributes to tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel S. Linton
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Thomas Abraham
- Department of Neural and Behavioral Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Jason Liao
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Gary A. Clawson
- Department of Pathology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Peter J. Butler
- Department of Engineering, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Todd Fox
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Mark Kester
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Gail L. Matters
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, United States of America
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Hashemi Goradel N, Najafi M, Salehi E, Farhood B, Mortezaee K. Cyclooxygenase-2 in cancer: A review. J Cell Physiol 2018; 234:5683-5699. [PMID: 30341914 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.27411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 407] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is frequently expressed in many types of cancers exerting a pleiotropic and multifaceted role in genesis or promotion of carcinogenesis and cancer cell resistance to chemo- and radiotherapy. COX-2 is released by cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), macrophage type 2 (M2) cells, and cancer cells to the tumor microenvironment (TME). COX-2 induces cancer stem cell (CSC)-like activity, and promotes apoptotic resistance, proliferation, angiogenesis, inflammation, invasion, and metastasis of cancer cells. COX-2 mediated hypoxia within the TME along with its positive interactions with YAP1 and antiapoptotic mediators are all in favor of cancer cell resistance to chemotherapeutic drugs. COX-2 exerts most of the functions through its metabolite prostaglandin E2. In some and limited situations, COX-2 may act as an antitumor enzyme. Multiple signals are contributed to the functions of COX-2 on cancer cells or its regulation. Members of mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) family, epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and nuclear factor-κβ are main upstream modulators for COX-2 in cancer cells. COX-2 also has interactions with a number of hormones within the body. Inhibition of COX-2 provides a high possibility to exert therapeutic outcomes in cancer. Administration of COX-2 inhibitors in a preoperative setting could reduce the risk of metastasis in cancer patients. COX-2 inhibition also sensitizes cancer cells to treatments like radio- and chemotherapy. Chemotherapeutic agents adversely induce COX-2 activity. Therefore, choosing an appropriate chemotherapy drugs along with adjustment of the type and does for COX-2 inhibitors based on the type of cancer would be an effective adjuvant strategy for targeting cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nasser Hashemi Goradel
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Masoud Najafi
- Radiology and Nuclear Medicine Department, School of Paramedical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Eniseh Salehi
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Farhood
- Departments of Medical Physics and Radiology, Faculty of Paramedical Sciences, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran
| | - Keywan Mortezaee
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
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