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Berkholz J, Karle W. Unravelling the molecular interplay: SUMOylation, PML nuclear bodies and vascular cell activity in health and disease. Cell Signal 2024; 119:111156. [PMID: 38574938 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2024.111156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2024] [Revised: 03/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In the seemingly well-researched field of vascular research, there are still many underestimated factors and molecular mechanisms. In recent years, SUMOylation has become increasingly important. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification in which small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMO) are covalently attached to target proteins. Sites where these SUMO modification processes take place in the cell nucleus are PML nuclear bodies (PML-NBs) - multiprotein complexes with their essential main component and organizer, the PML protein. PML and SUMO, either alone or as partners, influence a variety of cellular processes, including regulation of transcription, senescence, DNA damage response and defence against microorganisms, and are involved in innate immunity and inflammatory responses. They also play an important role in maintaining homeostasis in the vascular system and in pathological processes leading to the development and progression of cardiovascular diseases. This review summarizes information about the function of SUMO(ylation) and PML(-NBs) in the human vasculature from angiogenesis to disease and highlights their clinical potential as drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine Berkholz
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany; DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), partner site Berlin, Germany.
| | - Weronika Karle
- Institute of Physiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin, Berlin, Germany
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2
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Karandikar PV, Suh L, Gerstl JVE, Blitz SE, Qu QR, Won SY, Gessler FA, Arnaout O, Smith TR, Peruzzi PP, Yang W, Friedman GK, Bernstock JD. Positioning SUMO as an immunological facilitator of oncolytic viruses for high-grade glioma. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1271575. [PMID: 37860820 PMCID: PMC10582965 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1271575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viral (OV) therapies are promising novel treatment modalities for cancers refractory to conventional treatment, such as glioblastoma, within the central nervous system (CNS). Although OVs have received regulatory approval for use in the CNS, efficacy is hampered by obstacles related to delivery, under-/over-active immune responses, and the "immune-cold" nature of most CNS malignancies. SUMO, the Small Ubiquitin-like Modifier, is a family of proteins that serve as a high-level regulator of a large variety of key physiologic processes including the host immune response. The SUMO pathway has also been implicated in the pathogenesis of both wild-type viruses and CNS malignancies. As such, the intersection of OV biology with the SUMO pathway makes SUMOtherapeutics particularly interesting as adjuvant therapies for the enhancement of OV efficacy alone and in concert with other immunotherapeutic agents. Accordingly, the authors herein provide: 1) an overview of the SUMO pathway and its role in CNS malignancies; 2) describe the current state of CNS-targeted OVs; and 3) describe the interplay between the SUMO pathway and the viral lifecycle and host immune response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesh V. Karandikar
- T. H. Chan School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Lyle Suh
- T. H. Chan School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA, United States
| | - Jakob V. E. Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sarah E. Blitz
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Qing Rui Qu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Sae-Yeon Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Rostock, Rostock, Germany
| | | | - Omar Arnaout
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Timothy R. Smith
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Pier Paolo Peruzzi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Multidisciplinary Brain Protection Program, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, United States
| | - Gregory K. Friedman
- Department of Neuro-Oncology, Division of Cancer Medicine, MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Joshua D. Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- David H. Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
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Zheng X, Wang L, Zhang Z, Tang H. The emerging roles of SUMOylation in pulmonary diseases. Mol Med 2023; 29:119. [PMID: 37670258 PMCID: PMC10478458 DOI: 10.1186/s10020-023-00719-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Small ubiquitin-like modifier mediated modification (SUMOylation) is a critical post-translational modification that has a broad spectrum of biological functions, including genome replication and repair, transcriptional regulation, protein stability, and cell cycle progression. Perturbation or deregulation of a SUMOylation and deSUMOylation status has emerged as a new pathophysiological feature of lung diseases. In this review, we highlighted the link between SUMO pathway and lung diseases, especially the sumoylated substrate such as C/EBPα in bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BDP), PPARγ in pneumonia, TFII-I in asthma, HDAC2 in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), KLF15 in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension (HPH), SMAD3 in idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), and YTHDF2 in cancer. By exploring the impact of SUMOylation in pulmonary diseases, we intend to shed light on its potential to inspire the development of innovative diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, holding promise for improving patient outcomes and overall respiratory health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuyang Zheng
- Department of pediatrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
| | - Lingqiao Wang
- Department of pediatrics, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 310000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics Surgery, The Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, 31000, Zhejiang, P.R. China
| | - Huifang Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, Zhejiang Respiratory Drugs Research Laboratory, School of Basic Medicial Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, Zhejiang, P.R. China.
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4
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Shi T, Zhu J, Zhang X, Mao X. The Role of Hypoxia and Cancer Stem Cells in Development of Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092613. [PMID: 37174078 PMCID: PMC10177528 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Revised: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/03/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma multiform (GBM) is recognized as the most malignant brain tumor with a high level of hypoxia, containing a small population of glioblastoma stem like cells (GSCs). These GSCs have the capacity of self-renewal, proliferation, invasion and recapitulating the parent tumor, and are major causes of radio-and chemoresistance of GBM. Upregulated expression of hypoxia inducible factors (HIFs) in hypoxia fundamentally contributes to maintenance and progression of GSCs. Therefore, we thoroughly reviewed the currently acknowledged roles of hypoxia-associated GSCs in development of GBM. In detail, we recapitulated general features of GBM, especially GSC-related features, and delineated essential responses resulted from interactions between GSC and hypoxia, including hypoxia-induced signatures, genes and pathways, and hypoxia-regulated metabolic alterations. Five hypothesized GSC niches are discussed and integrated into one comprehensive concept: hypoxic peri-arteriolar niche of GSCs. Autophagy, another protective mechanism against chemotherapy, is also closely related to hypoxia and is a potential therapeutic target for GBM. In addition, potential causes of therapeutic resistance (chemo-, radio-, surgical-, immuno-), and chemotherapeutic agents which can improve the therapeutic effects of chemo-, radio-, or immunotherapy are introduced and discussed. At last, as a potential approach to reverse the hypoxic microenvironment in GBM, hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT) might be an adjuvant therapy to chemo-and radiotherapy after surgery. In conclusion, we focus on demonstrating the important role of hypoxia on development of GBM, especially by affecting the function of GSCs. Important advantages have been made to understand the complicated responses induced by hypoxia in GBM. Further exploration of targeting hypoxia and GSCs can help to develop novel therapeutic strategies to improve the survival of GBM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Shi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
- Tangdu Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710024, China
| | - Jun Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Cancer Biology, Institute of Digestive Diseases, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xiang Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
| | - Xinggang Mao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an 710032, China
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Karandikar P, Gerstl JVE, Kappel AD, Won SY, Dubinski D, Garcia-Segura ME, Gessler FA, See AP, Peruzzotti-Jametti L, Bernstock JD. SUMOtherapeutics for Ischemic Stroke. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:ph16050673. [PMID: 37242456 DOI: 10.3390/ph16050673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
The small, ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) is a post-translational modifier with a profound influence on several key biological processes, including the mammalian stress response. Of particular interest are its neuroprotective effects, first recognized in the 13-lined ground squirrel (Ictidomys tridecemlineatus), in the context of hibernation torpor. Although the full scope of the SUMO pathway is yet to be elucidated, observations of its importance in managing neuronal responses to ischemia, maintaining ion gradients, and the preconditioning of neural stem cells make it a promising therapeutic target for acute cerebral ischemia. Recent advances in high-throughput screening have enabled the identification of small molecules that can upregulate SUMOylation, some of which have been validated in pertinent preclinical models of cerebral ischemia. Accordingly, the present review aims to summarize current knowledge and highlight the translational potential of the SUMOylation pathway in brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paramesh Karandikar
- T. H. Chan School of Medicine, University of Massachusetts, Worcester, MA 01655, USA
| | - Jakob V E Gerstl
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Ari D Kappel
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Sae-Yeon Won
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Daniel Dubinski
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Monica Emili Garcia-Segura
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Florian A Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
| | - Alfred Pokmeng See
- Department of Neurosurgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Luca Peruzzotti-Jametti
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, USA
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medicine Rostock, 18057 Rostock, Germany
- Koch Institute for Integrated Cancer Research, MIT, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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Ntafoulis I, Koolen SLW, Leenstra S, Lamfers MLM. Drug Repurposing, a Fast-Track Approach to Develop Effective Treatments for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3705. [PMID: 35954371 PMCID: PMC9367381 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) remains one of the most difficult tumors to treat. The mean overall survival rate of 15 months and the 5-year survival rate of 5% have not significantly changed for almost 2 decades. Despite progress in understanding the pathophysiology of the disease, no new effective treatments to combine with radiation therapy after surgical tumor debulking have become available since the introduction of temozolomide in 1999. One of the main reasons for this is the scarcity of compounds that cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and reach the brain tumor tissue in therapeutically effective concentrations. In this review, we focus on the role of the BBB and its importance in developing brain tumor treatments. Moreover, we discuss drug repurposing, a drug discovery approach to identify potential effective candidates with optimal pharmacokinetic profiles for central nervous system (CNS) penetration and that allows rapid implementation in clinical trials. Additionally, we provide an overview of repurposed candidate drug currently being investigated in GBM at the preclinical and clinical levels. Finally, we highlight the importance of phase 0 trials to confirm tumor drug exposure and we discuss emerging drug delivery technologies as an alternative route to maximize therapeutic efficacy of repurposed candidate drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Ntafoulis
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Stijn L. W. Koolen
- Department of Medical Oncology, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sieger Leenstra
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.N.); (S.L.)
| | - Martine L. M. Lamfers
- Brain Tumor Center, Department of Neurosurgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (I.N.); (S.L.)
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Gabbay RS, Rubinstein A. Synchronizing the release rates of topotecan and paclitaxel from a self-eroding crosslinked chitosan - PLGA platform. Int J Pharm 2022; 623:121945. [PMID: 35738334 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2022] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study is a continuation of a previous study in which two model drugs, sodium salicylate (highly water-soluble) and indomethacin (low water-soluble) were loaded into an erodible hydrogel, made of ionically crosslinked chitosan (x-Ct). The erosion rate of the x-Ct matrix was controlled by its immersion in calcium chloride solutions (de-crosslinker) of different concentrations, leading to synchronization of the release rates of the two drugs over 2 h. In the present study, a modified platform was developed in order to (a) synchronize the release rates of the two cytotoxic drugs, topotecan (TT, highly water soluble) and paclitaxel (PTX, poorly water soluble); (b) prolong the erosion duration and the derived concomitant release of the two drugs to several days. TT was loaded into a PLGA sphere, which was co-loaded with calcium chloride (CaCl2). The sphere was then placed in an aqueous solution of chitosan (Ct) in which PTX was dispersed. A PLGA core-containing hydrogel was then produced by ionically crosslinking the Ct. The formulation screening section of the study includes a statistically designed Fractional Factorial experiment. It was comprised of the following five experimental factors: (a) the type of Ct and (b) its relative amount in the formulation, (c) the type of ionic crosslinker (citric acid or oxalic acid), (d) the concentration of the ionic crosslinker and (e) the co-loaded amounts of CaCl2 (the constitutional de-crosslinking agent). The difference factor, f1, and the similarity factor, f2, of the TT and PTX release profiles into water, were used as the experimental responses. The computerized prediction models were employed to assess the collective effects of the pre-determined experimental factors on the difference factor, f1, and the similarity factor, f2 (the response factors), by employing a fractional factorial design and multifactorial analysis, without the need to account for the exact mechanisms of the release processes involved. The final composite platform was capable of releasing TT and PTX, at similar (concomitant) rates, over a period of 7 days, a finding which suggests that the novel polymeric platform may serve as a multi-drug implant. An attractive medical application for such a device would be post-operative local treatment that could benefit from localized combination chemotherapy after the removal of malignant tissues, in the surgical treatment of breast cancer, ovarian cancer, glioma and peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Abstract
Glioma is the most common primary intracranial malignancy in the central nervous system. At present, the most important treatment option is surgical resection of the tumor combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy. The principle of operation is to remove the tumor to the maximal extent on the basis of preserving brain function. However, prominent invasive and infiltrative proliferation of glioma tumor cells into the surrounding normal tissues frequently reduces the efficacy of treatment. This in turn worsens the prognosis, because the tumor cannot be completely removed, which can readily relapse. Chemotherapeutic agents when applied individually have demonstrated limited efficacy for the treatment of glioma. However, multiple different chemotherapeutic agents can be used in combination with other treatment modalities to improve the efficacy while circumventing systemic toxicity and drug resistance. Therefore, it is pivotal to unravel the inhibitory mechanism mediated by the different chemotherapeutic drugs on glioma cells in preclinical studies. The aim of the present review is to provide a summary for understanding the effects of different chemotherapeutic drugs in glioma, in addition to providing a reference for the preclinical research into novel chemotherapeutic agents for future clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Shu Zhou
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Wei Wang
- Department of Radiology and Research Institute for Translation Medicine on Molecular Function and Artificial Intelligence Imaging, The First People's Hospital of Foshan, Foshan, Guangdong 528000, P.R. China
| | - Na Chen
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Li-Cui Wang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
| | - Jin-Bai Huang
- Department of Medical Imaging, Health Science Center, Yangtze University, Jingzhou, Hubei 434000, P.R. China
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Mathews J, Kuchling F, Baez-Nieto D, Diberardinis M, Pan JQ, Levin M. Ion Channel Drugs Suppress Cancer Phenotype in NG108-15 and U87 Cells: Toward Novel Electroceuticals for Glioblastoma. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14. [PMID: 35326650 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14061499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a lethal brain cancer that commonly recurs after tumor resection and chemotherapy treatment. Depolarized resting membrane potentials and an acidic intertumoral extracellular pH have been associated with a proliferative state and drug resistance, suggesting that forced hyperpolarization and disruption of proton pumps in the plasma membrane could be a successful strategy for targeting glioblastoma overgrowth. We screened 47 compounds and compound combinations, most of which were ion-modulating, at different concentrations in the NG108-15 rodent neuroblastoma/glioma cell line. A subset of these were tested in the U87 human glioblastoma cell line. A FUCCI cell cycle reporter was stably integrated into both cell lines to monitor proliferation and cell cycle response. Immunocytochemistry, electrophysiology, and a panel of physiological dyes reporting voltage, calcium, and pH were used to characterize responses. The most effective treatments on proliferation in U87 cells were combinations of NS1643 and pantoprazole; retigabine and pantoprazole; and pantoprazole or NS1643 with temozolomide. Marker analysis and physiological dye signatures suggest that exposure to bioelectric drugs significantly reduces proliferation, makes the cells senescent, and promotes differentiation. These results, along with the observed low toxicity in human neurons, show the high efficacy of electroceuticals utilizing combinations of repurposed FDA approved drugs.
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Kukkula A, Ojala VK, Mendez LM, Sistonen L, Elenius K, Sundvall M. Therapeutic Potential of Targeting the SUMO Pathway in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:4402. [PMID: 34503213 PMCID: PMC8431684 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13174402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
SUMOylation is a dynamic and reversible post-translational modification, characterized more than 20 years ago, that regulates protein function at multiple levels. Key oncoproteins and tumor suppressors are SUMO substrates. In addition to alterations in SUMO pathway activity due to conditions typically present in cancer, such as hypoxia, the SUMO machinery components are deregulated at the genomic level in cancer. The delicate balance between SUMOylation and deSUMOylation is regulated by SENP enzymes possessing SUMO-deconjugation activity. Dysregulation of SUMO machinery components can disrupt the balance of SUMOylation, contributing to the tumorigenesis and drug resistance of various cancers in a context-dependent manner. Many molecular mechanisms relevant to the pathogenesis of specific cancers involve SUMO, highlighting the potential relevance of SUMO machinery components as therapeutic targets. Recent advances in the development of inhibitors targeting SUMOylation and deSUMOylation permit evaluation of the therapeutic potential of targeting the SUMO pathway in cancer. Finally, the first drug inhibiting SUMO pathway, TAK-981, is currently also being evaluated in clinical trials in cancer patients. Intriguingly, the inhibition of SUMOylation may also have the potential to activate the anti-tumor immune response. Here, we comprehensively and systematically review the recent developments in understanding the role of SUMOylation in cancer and specifically focus on elaborating the scientific rationale of targeting the SUMO pathway in different cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antti Kukkula
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
| | - Veera K. Ojala
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Turku Doctoral Programme of Molecular Medicine, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Lourdes M. Mendez
- Beth Israel Deaconess Cancer Center, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Department of Medicine and Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Lea Sistonen
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Cell Biology, Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Klaus Elenius
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Medicity Research Laboratories, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, FI-20520 Turku, Finland;
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
| | - Maria Sundvall
- Cancer Research Unit, FICAN West Cancer Center Laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine, Turku University Hospital, University of Turku, FI-20520 Turku, Finland; (A.K.); (V.K.O.); (K.E.)
- Department of Oncology, Turku University Hospital, FI-20521 Turku, Finland
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Sharon Gabbay R, Rubinstein A. Controlling the release rate of topotecan from PLGA spheres and increasing its cytotoxicity towards glioblastoma cells by co-loading with calcium chloride. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120616. [PMID: 33892056 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that local administration of topotecan (TT) could increase its efficacy in the treatment of glioblastoma. In this context, a PLGA implant model in the form of spheres with a porous core and stiff surface, loaded with TT and CaCl2 was developed. An array of formulations differing from each other by the type of PLGA used, the integrity of the surface, the concentrations of TT and CaCl2 added during the preparation, and the volume of water in the PLGA mix, was prepared, screened and explored by computerized multifactorial analysis. This analysis enabled the simultaneous identification of the most influential experimental factors on the experimental responses, which were pre-determined as the efficiency of TT loading and the TT % cumulative release at 14 days. The multifactorial analysis also revealed how the interactions among the experimental factors affect the performance of the various formulations. Thus, TT concentration and its factorial interaction with the concentration of CaCl2 added during the spheres' preparation were identified as most prominent on the loading efficiency, while the surface integrity (intact or punctured) and CaCl2 amount in the spheres were identified as most prominent on the TT % cumulative release from the spheres. TT was found to be cytotoxic towards glioblastoma U87 MG cells, an activity which was enhanced, synergistically, in the presence of CaCl2 (the relative viability was reduced from 36 to 28% with combination indices of 1.0, 0.37, 0.13 and 0.06 for EC50, EC75, EC90 and EC95, respectively). Interestingly, dividing the TT dose into 3 equal portions, replenished daily to the incubation medium, increased TT cytotoxicity. The relative viability was then reduced from 35 to 7% and in the presence of CaCl2 - from 28 to 1.9%, suggesting that a local, slow input of TT could be effective in the treatment of glioblastoma by an adjacent TT implant. The increased effect of CaCl2 on cytotoxicity was also observed when it was co-loaded into the TT spheres. In that case, the cells' viability was reduced from 72 to 27%. It is suggested that the PLGA spheres could be used for tunable local delivery of TT in post-resection adjuvant therapy of glioblastoma.
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Senbabaoglu F, Aksu AC, Cingoz A, Seker-Polat F, Borklu-Yucel E, Solaroglu İ, Bagci-Onder T. Drug Repositioning Screen on a New Primary Cell Line Identifies Potent Therapeutics for Glioblastoma. Front Neurosci 2021; 14:578316. [PMID: 33390879 PMCID: PMC7773901 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2020.578316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma is a malignant brain cancer with limited treatment options and high mortality rate. While established glioblastoma cell line models provide valuable information, they ultimately lose most primary characteristics of tumors under long-term serum culture conditions. Therefore, established cell lines do not necessarily recapitulate genetic and morphological characteristics of real tumors. In this study, in line with the growing interest in using primary cell line models derived from patient tissue, we generated a primary glioblastoma cell line, KUGBM8 and characterized its genetic alterations, long term growth ability, tumor formation capacity and its response to Temozolomide, the front-line chemotherapy utilized clinically. In addition, we performed a drug repurposing screen on the KUGBM8 cell line to identify FDA-approved agents that can be incorporated into glioblastoma treatment regimen and identified Topotecan as a lead drug among 1,200 drugs. We showed Topotecan can induce cell death in KUGBM8 and other primary cell lines and cooperate with Temozolomide in low dosage combinations. Together, our study provides a new primary cell line model that can be suitable for both in vitro and in vivo studies and suggests that Topotecan can offer promise as a therapeutic approach for glioblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filiz Senbabaoglu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ali Cenk Aksu
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Cingoz
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fidan Seker-Polat
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Esra Borklu-Yucel
- Medical Genetics Department and Diagnostic Center for Genetic Diseases, Koç University Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - İhsan Solaroglu
- Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Neurosurgery, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University, Loma Linda, CA, United States
| | - Tugba Bagci-Onder
- Brain Cancer Research and Therapy Laboratory, Koç University School of Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey.,Koç University Research Center for Translational Medicine, Istanbul, Turkey
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13
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Boyd NH, Tran AN, Bernstock JD, Etminan T, Jones AB, Gillespie GY, Friedman GK, Hjelmeland AB. Glioma stem cells and their roles within the hypoxic tumor microenvironment. Theranostics 2021; 11:665-683. [PMID: 33391498 PMCID: PMC7738846 DOI: 10.7150/thno.41692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumor microenvironments are the result of cellular alterations in cancer that support unrestricted growth and proliferation and result in further modifications in cell behavior, which are critical for tumor progression. Angiogenesis and therapeutic resistance are known to be modulated by hypoxia and other tumor microenvironments, such as acidic stress, both of which are core features of the glioblastoma microenvironment. Hypoxia has also been shown to promote a stem-like state in both non-neoplastic and tumor cells. In glial tumors, glioma stem cells (GSCs) are central in tumor growth, angiogenesis, and therapeutic resistance, and further investigation of the interplay between tumor microenvironments and GSCs is critical to the search for better treatment options for glioblastoma. Accordingly, we summarize the impact of hypoxia and acidic stress on GSC signaling and biologic phenotypes, and potential methods to inhibit these pathways.
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14
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Kumar V. Toll-like receptors in sepsis-associated cytokine storm and their endogenous negative regulators as future immunomodulatory targets. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 89:107087. [PMID: 33075714 PMCID: PMC7550173 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.107087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2020] [Revised: 10/04/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Sepsis infects more than 48.9 million people world-wide, with 19.7 million deaths. Cytokine storm plays a significant role in sepsis, along with severe COVID-19. TLR signaling pathways plays a crucial role in generating the cytokine storm. Endogenous negative regulators of TLR signaling are crucial to regulate cytokine storm.
Cytokine storm generates during various systemic acute infections, including sepsis and current pandemic called COVID-19 (severe) causing devastating inflammatory conditions, which include multi-organ failure or multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) and death of the patient. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are one of the major pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) expressed by immune cells as well as non-immune cells, including neurons, which play a crucial role in generating cytokine storm. They recognize microbial-associated molecular patterns (MAMPs, expressed by pathogens) and damage or death-associate molecular patterns (DAMPs; released and/expressed by damaged/killed host cells). Upon recognition of MAMPs and DAMPs, TLRs activate downstream signaling pathways releasing several pro-inflammatory mediators [cytokines, chemokines, interferons, and reactive oxygen and nitrogen species (ROS or RNS)], which cause acute inflammation meant to control the pathogen and repair the damage. Induction of an exaggerated response due to genetic makeup of the host and/or persistence of the pathogen due to its evasion mechanisms may lead to severe systemic inflammatory condition called sepsis in response to the generation of cytokine storm and organ dysfunction. The activation of TLR-induced inflammatory response is hardwired to the induction of several negative feedback mechanisms that come into play to conclude the response and maintain immune homeostasis. This state-of-the-art review describes the importance of TLR signaling in the onset of the sepsis-associated cytokine storm and discusses various host-derived endogenous negative regulators of TLR signaling pathways. The subject is very important as there is a vast array of genes and processes implicated in these negative feedback mechanisms. These molecules and mechanisms can be targeted for developing novel therapeutic drugs for cytokine storm-associated diseases, including sepsis, severe COVID-19, and other inflammatory diseases, where TLR-signaling plays a significant role.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Kumar
- Children Health Clinical Unit, Faculty of Medicine, Mater Research, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia; School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, ST Lucia, Brisbane, Queensland 4078, Australia.
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15
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Liu X, Heras G, Lauschke VM, Mi J, Tian G, Gastaldello S. High glucose-induced oxidative stress accelerates myogenesis by altering SUMO reactions. Exp Cell Res 2020; 395:112234. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2020.112234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2020] [Revised: 08/08/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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16
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Prieto M, Folci A, Martin S. Post-translational modifications of the Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein in neuronal function and dysfunction. Mol Psychiatry 2020; 25:1688-1703. [PMID: 31822816 DOI: 10.1038/s41380-019-0629-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 11/22/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The Fragile X Mental Retardation Protein (FMRP) is an RNA-binding protein essential to the regulation of local translation at synapses. In the mammalian brain, synapses are constantly formed and eliminated throughout development to achieve functional neuronal networks. At the molecular level, thousands of proteins cooperate to accomplish efficient neuronal communication. Therefore, synaptic protein levels and their functional interactions need to be tightly regulated. FMRP generally acts as a translational repressor of its mRNA targets. FMRP is the target of several post-translational modifications (PTMs) that dynamically regulate its function. Here we provide an overview of the PTMs controlling the FMRP function and discuss how their spatiotemporal interplay contributes to the physiological regulation of FMRP. Importantly, FMRP loss-of-function leads to Fragile X syndrome (FXS), a rare genetic developmental condition causing a range of neurological alterations including intellectual disability (ID), learning and memory impairments, autistic-like features and seizures. Here, we also explore the possibility that recently reported missense mutations in the FMR1 gene disrupt the PTM homoeostasis of FMRP, thus participating in the aetiology of FXS. This suggests that the pharmacological targeting of PTMs may be a promising strategy to develop innovative therapies for patients carrying such missense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Prieto
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France
| | | | - Stéphane Martin
- Université Côte d'Azur, INSERM, CNRS, IPMC, Valbonne, France.
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17
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Cuomo O, Casamassa A, Brancaccio P, Laudati G, Valsecchi V, Anzilotti S, Vinciguerra A, Pignataro G, Annunziato L. Sumoylation of sodium/calcium exchanger in brain ischemia and ischemic preconditioning. Cell Calcium 2020; 87:102195. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2020.102195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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18
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Molfetta R, Zingoni A, Santoni A, Paolini R. Post-translational Mechanisms Regulating NK Cell Activating Receptors and Their Ligands in Cancer: Potential Targets for Therapeutic Intervention. Front Immunol 2019; 10:2557. [PMID: 31736972 PMCID: PMC6836727 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.02557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Efficient clearance of transformed cells by Natural Killer (NK) cells is regulated by several activating receptors, including NKG2D, NCRs, and DNAM-1. Expression of these receptors as well as their specific “induced self” ligands is finely regulated during malignant transformation through the integration of different mechanisms acting on transcriptional, post-transcriptional, and post-translational levels. Among post-translational mechanisms, the release of activating ligands in the extracellular milieu through protease-mediated cleavage or by extracellular vesicle secretion represents some relevant cancer immune escape processes. Moreover, covalent modifications including ubiquitination and SUMOylation also contribute to negative regulation of NKG2D and DNAM-1 ligand surface expression resulting either in ligand intracellular retention and/or ligand degradation. All these mechanisms greatly impact on NK cell mediated recognition and killing of cancer cells and may be targeted to potentiate NK cell surveillance against tumors. Our mini review summarizes the main post-translational mechanisms regulating the expression of activating receptors and their ligands with particular emphasis on the contribution of ligand shedding and of ubiquitin and ubiquitin-like modifications in reducing target cell susceptibility to NK cell-mediated killing. Strategies aimed at inhibiting shedding of activating ligands and their modifications in order to preserve ligand expression on cancer cells will be also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Molfetta
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Alessandra Zingoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Angela Santoni
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
| | - Rossella Paolini
- Department of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Laboratory Affiliated to Istituto Pasteur Italia-Fondazione Cenci Bolognetti, Rome, Italy
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19
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Abstract
Sumoylation is an important post-translational modification that involves the conjugation of the Small Ubiquitin-related Modifier (SUMO) onto target proteins. This modification is reversed through the catalytic activity of SUMO isopeptidases, known as SENPs. One of these SENPs, SENP1, was reported to be overexpressed in human pancreatic cancer cells and patient tissues. Since elevated SENP1 expression levels can be used as a prognostic marker for a subset of cancers, we set out to further explore the overexpression of SENP1 in pancreatic cancer. We found that SENP1 protein levels were not significantly different between pancreatic cancer and normal pancreas-derived cell lines. To evaluate SENP1 expression in patient samples, we analyzed large publicly available datasets and found that SENP1 mRNA levels were significantly lower in pancreatic cancer tissue as compared to normal pancreas tissue samples. Furthermore, we found that the SENP1 gene is amplified in less than 1% of sequenced pancreatic cancer patient samples and that expression levels have no association with patient survival. Based on our analysis, we conclude that SENP1 is not overexpressed in pancreatic cancer and is therefore not likely to be an effective biomarker for this disease. Through this work, we also outline a simple but powerful bioinformatics workflow for the assessment of mRNA expression levels, genomic alterations and survival analysis for putative biomarkers for common human cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle M Bouchard
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Michael J Matunis
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA
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20
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Bernstock JD, Mooney JH, Ilyas A, Chagoya G, Estevez-Ordonez D, Ibrahim A, Nakano I. Molecular and cellular intratumoral heterogeneity in primary glioblastoma: clinical and translational implications. J Neurosurg 2019; 133:1-9. [PMID: 31443071 DOI: 10.3171/2019.5.jns19364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2019] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM), the most common primary malignant brain tumor in adults, is associated with significant morbidity and mortality despite maximal safe resection followed by chemo- and radiotherapy. GBMs contain self-renewing, tumorigenic glioma stem cells that contribute to tumor initiation, heterogeneity, therapeutic resistance, and recurrence. Intratumoral heterogeneity (ITH) of GBMs is also a major contributing factor to poor clinical outcomes associated with these high-grade glial tumors. Herein, the authors summarize recent discoveries and advances in the molecular and phenotypic characterization of GBMs with particular focus on ITH. In so doing, they attempt to highlight recent advances in molecular signatures/properties and metabolic alterations in an effort to clarify translational implications that may ultimately improve clinical outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Ichiro Nakano
- 1Department of Neurosurgery
- 3Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Alabama
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21
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Fox BM, Janssen A, Estevez-Ordonez D, Gessler F, Vicario N, Chagoya G, Elsayed G, Sotoudeh H, Stetler W, Friedman GK, Bernstock JD. SUMOylation in Glioblastoma: A Novel Therapeutic Target. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20081853. [PMID: 30991648 PMCID: PMC6514907 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20081853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein SUMOylation is a dynamic post-translational modification which is involved in a diverse set of physiologic processes throughout the cell. Of note, SUMOylation also plays a role in the pathobiology of a myriad of cancers, one of which is glioblastoma (GBM). Accordingly, herein, we review core aspects of SUMOylation as it relates to GBM and in so doing highlight putative methods/modalities capable of therapeutically engaging the pathway for treatment of this deadly neoplasm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandon M Fox
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, SHEL 121, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
| | - Andrew Janssen
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Dagoberto Estevez-Ordonez
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Schleusenweg 2-16, 60528 Frankfurt, Germany.
| | - Nunzio Vicario
- Department of Biomedical and Biotechnological Sciences, Physiology Section, University of Catania, Via S. Sofia n. 97, Torre Biologica, 95123 Catania, Italy.
| | - Gustavo Chagoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Galal Elsayed
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Houman Sotoudeh
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Jefferson Tower N419-619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - William Stetler
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Division of Neuroradiology, Department of Radiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Jefferson Tower N419-619 19th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, Department of Pediatrics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Lowder 512, 1600 7th Avenue South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
| | - Joshua D Bernstock
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1060 Faculty Office Tower, 510 20th Street South, Birmingham, AL 35223, USA.
- Medical Scientist Training Program, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1825 University Boulevard, SHEL 121, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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22
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Wang L, Liu Y, Zhao TL, Li ZZ, He JY, Zhang BJ, Du HZ, Jiang JW, Yuan ST, Sun L. Topotecan induces apoptosis via ASCT2 mediated oxidative stress in gastric cancer. Phytomedicine 2019; 57:117-128. [PMID: 30668314 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2018.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2018] [Revised: 12/09/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topotecan (TPT) is a Topo I inhibitor and shows obvious anti-cancer effects on gastric cancer. Cancer cells reprogram their metabolic pathways to increase nutrients uptake, which has already been a hallmark of cancer. But the effect of TPT on metabolism in gastric cancer remains unknown. PURPOSE To investigate the effect of TPT on metabolism in gastric cancer. METHODS ATP production was measured by ATP Assay kit. Glucose and glutamine uptake were measured by Glucose (HK) Assay Kit and Glutamine/Glutamate Determination Kit respectively. To detect glutathione (GSH) concentration and reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, GSH and GSSG Assay Kit and ROS Assay Kit were adopted. Apoptosis rates, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) were determined by flow cytometry and protein levels were analyzed by immumohistochemical staining and western blotting. RESULTS TPT increased ATP production. TPT promoted glucose uptake possibly via up-regulation of hexokinase 2 (HK2) or glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) expression, while decreased glutamine uptake by down-regulation of ASCT2 expression. ASCT2 inhibitor GPNA and ASCT2 knockdown significantly suppressed the growth of gastric cancer cells. Inhibition of ASCT2 reduced glutamine uptake which led to decreased production of GSH and increased ROS level. ASCT2 knockdown induced apoptosis via the mitochondrial pathway and weakened anti-cancer effect of TPT. CONCLUSION TPT inhibits glutamine uptake via down-regulation of ASCT2 which causes oxidative stress and induces apoptosis through the mitochondrial pathway. Moreover, TPT inhibits proliferation partially via ASCT2. These observations reveal a previously undescribed mechanism of ASCT2 regulated gastric cancer proliferation and demonstrate ASCT2 is a potential anti-cancer target of TPT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lai Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Ting-Li Zhao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Zheng-Zheng Li
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Jin-Yong He
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Ben-Jia Zhang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Du
- School of Pharmacy, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Huang jia hu Road West, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Wei Jiang
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China
| | - Sheng-Tao Yuan
- Jiangsu Center for Pharmacodynamics Research and Evaluation, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China.
| | - Li Sun
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Screening, China Pharmaceutical University, 24 Tong Jia Xiang, Nanjing, China.
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23
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Bernstock JD, Ye D, Smith JA, Lee YJ, Gessler FA, Yasgar A, Kouznetsova J, Jadhav A, Wang Z, Pluchino S, Zheng W, Simeonov A, Hallenbeck JM, Yang W. Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies cytoprotective molecules that enhance SUMO conjugation via the inhibition of SUMO-specific protease (SENP)2. FASEB J 2018; 32:1677-1691. [PMID: 29146736 PMCID: PMC5892725 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201700711r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 11/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The development of novel neuroprotective treatments for acute stroke has been fraught with failures, which supports the view of ischemic brain damage as a highly complex multifactorial process. Post-translational modifications such as small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO)ylation have emerged as critical molecular regulatory mechanisms in states of both homeostasis and ischemic stress, as evidenced by our previous work. Accordingly, the clinical significance of the selective control of the global SUMOylation process has become apparent in studies of ischemic pathobiology and pathophysiology. Herein, we describe a process capable of identifying and characterizing small molecules with the potential of targeting the SUMO system through inhibition of SUMO deconjugation in an effort to develop novel stroke therapies.-Bernstock, J. D., Ye, D., Smith, J. A., Lee, Y.-J., Gessler, F. A., Yasgar, A., Kouznetsova, J., Jadhav, A., Wang, Z., Pluchino, S., Zheng, W., Simeonov, A., Hallenbeck, J. M., Yang, W. Quantitative high-throughput screening identifies cytoprotective molecules that enhance SUMO-conjugation via the inhibition of SUMO-specific protease (SENP)2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D. Bernstock
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
- Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
- UAB School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Daniel Ye
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Jayden A. Smith
- Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Yang-Ja Lee
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Florian A. Gessler
- Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Adam Yasgar
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Jennifer Kouznetsova
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Ajit Jadhav
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Zhuoran Wang
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and National Institute of Health Research Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - Anton Simeonov
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA; and
| | - John M. Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (NINDS), National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Center for Perioperative Organ Protection, Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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24
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Bernstock JD, Yang W, Ye DG, Shen Y, Pluchino S, Lee YJ, Hallenbeck JM, Paschen W. SUMOylation in brain ischemia: Patterns, targets, and translational implications. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2018; 38:5-16. [PMID: 29148315 PMCID: PMC5757445 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x17742260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational protein modification by small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO) regulates a myriad of homeostatic and stress responses. The SUMOylation pathway has been extensively studied in brain ischemia. Convincing evidence is now at hand to support the notion that a major increase in levels of SUMOylated proteins is capable of inducing tolerance to ischemic stress. Therefore, the SUMOylation pathway has emerged as a promising therapeutic target for neuroprotection in the face of brain ischemia. Despite this, it is prudent to acknowledge that there are many key questions still to be addressed in brain ischemia related to SUMOylation. Accordingly, herein, we provide a critical review of literature within the field to summarize current knowledge and in so doing highlight pertinent translational implications of the SUMOylation pathway in brain ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- 1 Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.,2 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Wei Yang
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Daniel G Ye
- 1 Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yuntian Shen
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stefano Pluchino
- 2 Department of Clinical Neurosciences, Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Yang-Ja Lee
- 1 Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Hallenbeck
- 1 Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Wulf Paschen
- 3 Department of Anesthesiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,4 Department of Neurobiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Bernstock
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA; Department of Clinical Neurosciences - Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Daniel G Ye
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Yang-Ja Lee
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Florian Gessler
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences - Division of Stem Cell Neurobiology, Wellcome Trust-Medical Research Council Stem Cell Institute and NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Cambridge, UK
| | - Gregory K Friedman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Wei Zheng
- National Center for Advancing Translational Sciences, National Institutes of Health (NCATS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - John M Hallenbeck
- Stroke Branch, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health (NINDS/NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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