1
|
Najmalden Ghaibullah Ghaibullah Y, Foto E, Ozdemir N, Zilifdar Foto F, Arslan G, Sargin I. Antibacterial potentials of carbon dots immobilized on chitosan and glass surfaces. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 257:128586. [PMID: 38056753 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Due to their antibacterial activity, chitosan‑carbon dot composites possess great potential for pharmaceuticals, medicine, and food preservation. Conducting a comprehensive study of the interactions between chitosan, carbon dots, and bacteria is crucial to understanding the processes behind applying these composites. This study aimed to immobilize carbon dots (C-dots) synthesized from Elaeagnus angustifolia fruits on chitosan and glass microbeads' surfaces, to characterize the test materials obtained after synthesis and immobilization, and to investigate their antibacterial potentials. C-dot synthesis was carried out from water extract in an acidic medium with the help of microwave irradiation, and their structural and optical properties were characterized by TEM, XRD, FT-IR, UV-vis, Zeta potential, and fluorescence methods. The surface of the glass microbeads was first activated and functionalized with surface amine groups with a silaning agent. C-dots were immobilized on both glass and chitosan microbeads using a crosslinking agent. Antibacterial potentials of nine different test materials, obtained before or after immobilization, were evaluated both qualitatively (MIC and MBC) and quantitatively (GI50) on E. coli, S. typhimurium, B. subtilis, and S. aureus, with the standard broth microdilution method. FT-IR and SEM-EDX analyses showed that C-dots were immobilized on chitosan (˂1 mm) and glass (˂100 μm) microbead surfaces. C-dots reduced the cell viability by ~25 % on S. typhimurium and B. subtilis (MIC = 25 mg/mL). It was also found that the highest antibacterial effect was recorded for C-dots-glass microbeads, which had a toxic effect of 43 % on S. aureus. In addition, binding C-dots to glass microbeads increased the antibacterial effect selectively in Gram-positive bacteria, while binding to chitosan microbeads was effective in all bacteria. The study showed that the antibacterial potential of C-dots-chitosan microbeads is more effective than C-dots-glass microbeads. C-dots could be used as carbon-based nanomaterials in antibacterial surface preparation once immobilized.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Egemen Foto
- Department of Biotechnology, Faculty of Science, Necmettin Erbakan University, Konya, Turkey.
| | - Naciye Ozdemir
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Fatma Zilifdar Foto
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Gulsin Arslan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey
| | - Idris Sargin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Selcuk University, Konya, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Faber T, McConville JT, Lamprecht A. Focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy provides novel insights of drug delivery phenomena. J Control Release 2024; 366:312-327. [PMID: 38161031 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2023.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) has long been a standard tool for morphological analyses, providing sub micrometer resolution of pharmaceutical formulations. However, analysis of internal morphologies of such formulations can often be biased due to the introduction of artifacts that originate from sample preparation. A recent advancement in SEM, is the focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM). This technique uses a focused ion beam (FIB) to remove material with nanometer precision, to provide virtually sample-independent access to sub-surface structures. The FIB can be combined with SEM imaging capabilities within the same instrumentation. As a powerful analytical tool, electron microscopy and FIB-milling are performed sequentially to produce high-resolution 3D models of structural peculiarities of diverse drug delivery systems or their behavior in a biological environment, i.e. intracellular or -tissue distribution. This review paper briefly describes the technical background of the method, outlines a wide array of potential uses within the drug delivery field, and focuses on intracellular transport where high-resolution images are an essential tool for mechanistical insights.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Thilo Faber
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Jason T McConville
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Alf Lamprecht
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Institute of Pharmacy, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany; Université de Franche-Comté, INSERM UMR1098 Right, Besançon, France.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Liv N, Fermie J, Ten Brink CBM, de Heus C, Klumperman J. Functional characterization of endo-lysosomal compartments by correlative live-cell and volume electron microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 177:301-326. [PMID: 37451771 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2022.12.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Fluorescent biosensors are valuable tools to monitor protein activities and the functional state of organelles in live cells. However, the information provided by fluorescent microscopy (FM) is mostly limited in resolution and lacks ultrastructural context information. Protein activities are confined to organelle zones with a distinct membrane morphology, which can only be seen by electron microscopy (EM). EM, however, intrinsically lacks information on protein activities. The lack of methods to integrate these two imaging modalities has hampered understanding the functional organization of cellular organelles. Here we introduce "functional correlative microscopy" (functional CLEM) to directly infer functional information from live cells to EM with nanometer resolution. We label and visualize live cells with fluorescent biosensors after which they are processed for EM and imaged using a volume electron microscopy technique. Within a single dataset we correlate hundreds of fluorescent spots enabling quantitative analysis of the functional-ultrastructural data. We employ our method to monitor essential functional parameters of late endo-lysosomal compartments, i.e., pH, calcium, enzyme activities and cholesterol content. Our data reveal a steep functional difference in enzyme activity between late endosomes and lysosomes and unexpectedly high calcium levels in late endosomes. The presented CLEM workflow is compatible with a large repertoire of probes and paves the way for large scale functional studies of all types of cellular structures.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nalan Liv
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | - Job Fermie
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Corlinda B M Ten Brink
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Grau-Carbonell A, Hagemans F, Bransen M, Elbers NA, van Dijk-Moes RJA, Sadighikia S, Welling TAJ, van Blaaderen A, van Huis MA. In situ single particle characterization of the themoresponsive and co-nonsolvent behavior of PNIPAM microgels and silica@PNIPAM core-shell colloids. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 635:552-561. [PMID: 36608391 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2022.12.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgels and PNIPAM colloidal shells attract continuous strong interest due to their thermoresponsive behavior, as their size and properties can be tuned by temperature. The direct single particle observation and characterization of pure, unlabeled PNIPAM microgels in their native aqueous environment relies on imaging techniques that operate either at interfaces or in cryogenic conditions, thus limiting the observation of their dynamic nature. Liquid Cell (Scanning) Transmission Electron Microscopy (LC-(S) TEM) imaging allows the characterization of materials and dynamic processes such as nanoparticle growth, etching, and diffusion, at nanometric resolution in liquids. Here we show that via a facile post-synthetic in situ polymer labelling step with high-contrast marker core-shell Au@SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) it is possible to determine the full volume of PNIPAM microgels in water. The labelling allowed for the successful characterization of the thermoresponsive behavior of PNIPAM microgels and core shell silica@PNIPAM hybrid microgels, as well as the co-nonsolvency of PNIPAM in aqueous alcoholic solutions. The interplay between electron beam irradiation and PNIPAM systems in water resulted in irreversible shrinkage due to beam induced water radiolysis products, which in turn also affected the thermoresponsive behavior of PNIPAM. The addition of 2-propanol as radical scavenger improved PNIPAM stability in water under electron beam irradiation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Albert Grau-Carbonell
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Fabian Hagemans
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten Bransen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Nina A Elbers
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Relinde J A van Dijk-Moes
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Sina Sadighikia
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Tom A J Welling
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands
| | - Alfons van Blaaderen
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands.
| | - Marijn A van Huis
- Soft Condensed Matter, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, Utrecht 3584 CC, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Khattabi AM, Al-Dabash S, Mahmoud NN. Quercetin Loaded Silica and Gold - Coated Silica Nanoparticles: Characterization, Evaluation and Comparison of Their in vitro Characteristics. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1698-1704. [PMID: 37001860 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2023.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, silica nanoparticles (NPs) and gold-silica NPs were loaded with the anti-cancer agent quercetin (QC) to produce silica NPs-QC and gold coated silica NPs-QC, respectively. The nanosystems were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM), dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Drug encapsulation efficiency (EE), loading capacity (LC) and release rate were measured using UV spectrophotometer. The drug was encapsulated in silica NPs in a high percentage (71%) and reduced by about 16% after gold coating. The mean particle size increased after coating and QC loading with a polydispersity index (PDI) between (∼ 0.2 - 0.6) and negative zeta potential (-13 to - 15 mV). The intensity of FTIR peaks of silica NPs has been significantly decreased upon gold coating indicating a successful attachment of the gold thin layer. The drug release was slightly faster from coated compared to uncoated NPs but both slower than free QC. The percentages of their cell toxicity were almost the same but lower than free QC and generally were higher against HeLa cells compared to fibroblast cells. Both nanosystems could be considered as promising nanocarriers with reasonable EE, slower release rate and lower toxicity compared to the free drug.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Areen M Khattabi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Pharmaceutics, Applied Science Private University, Amman, Jordan.
| | - Sabaa Al-Dabash
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan
| | - Nouf N Mahmoud
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan, Amman 11733, Jordan; Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Health Sciences, QU Health, Qatar University, 2713 Doha, Qatar.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Khan IM, Niazi S, Pasha I, Khan MKI, Yue L, Ye H, Mohsin A, Shoaib M, Zhang Y, Wang Z. Novel metal enhanced dual-mode fluorometric and SERS aptasensor incorporating a heterostructure nanoassembly for ultrasensitive T-2 toxin detection. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:441-451. [PMID: 36525248 DOI: 10.1039/d2tb01701f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Fluorescent gold (Au) nanostructures have emerged as burgeoning materials to fabricate nanomaterial assemblies which play a vital role in improving the detection sensitivity and specificity for various biomolecules. In this work, a fluorescence labelled (Rhodamine-B-Isothiocyanate) silica shell with Au metal core (AuNPs@PVP@RITC@SiO2) and a graphene-Au nanostar nanocomposite (rGO-AuNS) are presented as a metal enhanced fluorescence (MEF) material and Raman signal enhancer, respectively. Their composite (AuNPs@PVP@RITC@SiO2NPs/rGO-AuNS) was employed as a dual-mode fluorescence (FL) and surface-enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) nanoprobe for selective and sensitive detection of T-2 toxin. To comprehend the dual-modality, a core-shell nanostructure, AuNPs@PVP@RITC@SiO2, was functionalized with an aptamer (donor) and adsorbed on the surface of rGO-AuNS through electrostatic forces and π-π stacking which act as a FL quencher and SERS signal enhancer. When exposed to T-2 toxin, the apt-AuNPs@PVP@RITC@SiO2NPs move away from the surface of rGO-AuNS, resulting in the restoration of FL and reduction of the SERS signal. There was distinct linearity between the T-2 toxin concentration and the dual FL and SERS signals with lower limits of detection (LOD) of 85 pM and 12 pM, as compared to the previous methods, respectively. The developed FL and SERS aptasensor presented excellent recovery ratio and RSD in wheat and maize, respectively, as compared with the standard ELISA method. The complementary performances of the developed stratagem revealed a high correlation between the FL and SERS sensing modes with exquisite detection properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Imran Mahmood Khan
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Sobia Niazi
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Imran Pasha
- Department of Food engineering, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
| | | | - Lin Yue
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China
| | - Hua Ye
- School of Grain Science and Technology, Jiangsu University of Science and Technology, Zhenjiang, 212004, P. R. China
| | - Ali Mohsin
- State Key Laboratory of Bioreactor Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, P. R. China
| | - Muhammad Shoaib
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China.,Research center of Food Intelligent detection and Quality Control, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 213013, P. R. China
| | - Yin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| | - Zhouping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China. .,School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, No. 1800 Lihu Avenue, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of Meat Processing of Sichuan, Chengdu University, Chengdu, 610106, P. R. China
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
De Mazière A, van der Beek J, van Dijk S, de Heus C, Reggiori F, Koike M, Klumperman J. An optimized protocol for immuno-electron microscopy of endogenous LC3. Autophagy 2022; 18:3004-3022. [PMID: 35387562 PMCID: PMC9673964 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2022.2056864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
MAP1LC3/LC3 (microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3) is widely used as marker of autophagic compartments at different stages of maturation. Electron microscopy (EM) combined with immunolabeling is the only technique that can reveal the ultrastructural identity of LC3-labeled compartments. However, immuno-EM of endogenous LC3 proteins has proven difficult. Here, we test a panel of commercially available antibodies and apply different labeling conditions to present an optimized procedure for LC3 immuno-EM. Using ultrathin cryosections and protein A-colloidal gold or gold enhancement labeling, we localize endogenous LC3 in starved cells or tissues in the presence or absence of the proton pump inhibitor bafilomycin A1. We localize LC3 to early and late stage autophagic compartments that can be classified by their morphology. By on-section correlative light-electron microscopy (CLEM) we show that comparable fluorescent LC3-positive puncta can represent different autophagic intermediates. We also show that our approach is sufficiently robust to label endogenous LC3 simultaneously with other lysosomal and autophagy markers, LAMP1 or SQSTM1/p62, and can be used for quantitative approaches. Thus, we demonstrate that bafilomycin A1 treatment from 2.5 up to 24 h does not inhibit fusion between autophagosomes and lysosomes, but leads to the accumulation of LC3-positive material inside autolysosomes. Together, this is the first study presenting an extensive overview of endogenous LC3 localization at ultrastructural resolution without the need for cell permeabilization and using a commercially available antibody. This provides researchers with a tool to study canonical and non-canonical roles of LC3 in native conditions.Abbreviations: BafA1: bafilomycin A1; BSA: bovine serum albumin; BSA-c: acetylated BSA; BSA5: BSA conjugated to 5-nm gold particles; CLEM: correlative light-electron microscopy; EGFP: enhanced green fluorescent protein; EM: electron microscopy; FBS: fetal bovine serum; FSG: fish skin gelatin; GA: glutaraldehyde; IF: immunofluorescence; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; LC3s: LC3 proteins; MAP1LC3/LC3: microtubule associated protein 1 light chain 3; ON: overnight; PAG: protein A-conjugated gold particles; PAG1-3: PAG5, PAG10, PAG15, protein A conjugated to 1-3-, 5-, 10-, or 15-nm gold particles; PB: Sorensen's phosphate buffer; PBS: phosphate-buffered saline; PFA: paraformaldehyde; RT: room temperature.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ann De Mazière
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jan van der Beek
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Dijk
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Fulvio Reggiori
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells & Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands,CONTACT Judith Klumperman Section Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
van den Dries K, Fransen J, Cambi A. Fluorescence CLEM in biology: historic developments and current super-resolution applications. FEBS Lett 2022; 596:2486-2496. [PMID: 35674424 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.14421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a powerful imaging approach that allows the direct correlation of information obtained on a light and an electron microscope. There is a growing interest in the application of CLEM in biology, mainly attributable to technical advances in field of fluorescence microscopy in the past two decades. In this review, we summarize the important developments in CLEM for biological applications, focusing on the combination of fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. We first provide a brief overview of the early days of fluorescence CLEM usage starting with the initial rise in the late 1970s and the subsequent optimization of CLEM workflows during the following two decades. Next, we describe how the engineering of fluorescent proteins and the development of super-resolution fluorescence microscopy have significantly renewed the interest in CLEM resulting in the present application of fluorescence CLEM in many different areas of cellular and molecular biology. Lastly, we present the promises and challenges for the future of fluorescence CLEM discussing novel workflows, probe development and quantification possibilities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koen van den Dries
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jack Fransen
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Microscopic Imaging Center, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alessandra Cambi
- Department of Cell Biology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Fermie J, de Jager L, Foster HE, Veenendaal T, de Heus C, van Dijk S, ten Brink C, Oorschot V, Yang L, Li W, Müller WH, Howes S, Carter AP, Förster F, Posthuma G, Gerritsen HC, Klumperman J, Liv N. Bimodal endocytic probe for three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy. Cell Rep Methods 2022; 2:100220. [PMID: 35637912 PMCID: PMC9142762 DOI: 10.1016/j.crmeth.2022.100220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Revised: 02/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
We present a bimodal endocytic tracer, fluorescent BSA-gold (fBSA-Au), as a fiducial marker for 2D and 3D correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) applications. fBSA-Au consists of colloidal gold (Au) particles stabilized with fluorescent BSA. The conjugate is efficiently endocytosed and distributed throughout the 3D endolysosomal network of cells and has an excellent visibility in both fluorescence microscopy (FM) and electron microscopy (EM). We demonstrate that fBSA-Au facilitates rapid registration in several 2D and 3D CLEM applications using Tokuyasu cryosections, resin-embedded material, and cryoelectron microscopy (cryo-EM). Endocytosed fBSA-Au benefits from a homogeneous 3D distribution throughout the endosomal system within the cell, does not obscure any cellular ultrastructure, and enables accurate (50-150 nm) correlation of fluorescence to EM data. The broad applicability and visibility in both modalities makes fBSA-Au an excellent endocytic fiducial marker for 2D and 3D (cryo)CLEM applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Job Fermie
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Leanne de Jager
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Helen E. Foster
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tineke Veenendaal
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Dijk
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Corlinda ten Brink
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Viola Oorschot
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Lin Yang
- Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wei Li
- Institute of Genetics & Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Wally H. Müller
- Microbiology, Department of Biology, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Stuart Howes
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Andrew P. Carter
- Medical Research Council Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Division of Structural Studies, Cambridge, UK
| | - Friedrich Förster
- Structural Biochemistry, Bijvoet Centre for Biomolecular Research, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - George Posthuma
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Loginov SV, Fermie J, Fokkema J, Agronskaia AV, De Heus C, Blab GA, Klumperman J, Gerritsen HC, Liv N. Correlative Organelle Microscopy: Fluorescence Guided Volume Electron Microscopy of Intracellular Processes. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:829545. [PMID: 35478966 PMCID: PMC9035751 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.829545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracellular processes depend on a strict spatial and temporal organization of proteins and organelles. Therefore, directly linking molecular to nanoscale ultrastructural information is crucial in understanding cellular physiology. Volume or three-dimensional (3D) correlative light and electron microscopy (volume-CLEM) holds unique potential to explore cellular physiology at high-resolution ultrastructural detail across cell volumes. However, the application of volume-CLEM is hampered by limitations in throughput and 3D correlation efficiency. In order to address these limitations, we describe a novel pipeline for volume-CLEM that provides high-precision (<100 nm) registration between 3D fluorescence microscopy (FM) and 3D electron microscopy (EM) datasets with significantly increased throughput. Using multi-modal fiducial nanoparticles that remain fluorescent in epoxy resins and a 3D confocal fluorescence microscope integrated into a Focused Ion Beam Scanning Electron Microscope (FIB.SEM), our approach uses FM to target extremely small volumes of even single organelles for imaging in volume EM and obviates the need for post-correlation of big 3D datasets. We extend our targeted volume-CLEM approach to include live-cell imaging, adding information on the motility of intracellular membranes selected for volume-CLEM. We demonstrate the power of our approach by targeted imaging of rare and transient contact sites between the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and lysosomes within hours rather than days. Our data suggest that extensive ER-lysosome and mitochondria-lysosome interactions restrict lysosome motility, highlighting the unique capabilities of our integrated CLEM pipeline for linking molecular dynamic data to high-resolution ultrastructural detail in 3D.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sergey V. Loginov
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Job Fermie
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Jantina Fokkema
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra V. Agronskaia
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cilia De Heus
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A. Blab
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans C. Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Nalan Liv,
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Jeong D, Kim D. Recent Developments in Correlative Super-Resolution Fluorescence Microscopy and Electron Microscopy. Mol Cells 2022; 45:41-50. [PMID: 35114646 PMCID: PMC8819494 DOI: 10.14348/molcells.2021.5011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/31/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The recently developed correlative super-resolution fluorescence microscopy (SRM) and electron microscopy (EM) is a hybrid technique that simultaneously obtains the spatial locations of specific molecules with SRM and the context of the cellular ultrastructure by EM. Although the combination of SRM and EM remains challenging owing to the incompatibility of samples prepared for these techniques, the increasing research attention on these methods has led to drastic improvements in their performances and resulted in wide applications. Here, we review the development of correlative SRM and EM (sCLEM) with a focus on the correlation of EM with different SRM techniques. We discuss the limitations of the integration of these two microscopy techniques and how these challenges can be addressed to improve the quality of correlative images. Finally, we address possible future improvements and advances in the continued development and wide application of sCLEM approaches.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dokyung Jeong
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Doory Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Basic Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
- Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Huang Y, Cohen TA, Sperry BM, Larson H, Nguyen HA, Homer MK, Dou FY, Jacoby LM, Cossairt BM, Gamelin DR, Luscombe CK. Organic building blocks at inorganic nanomaterial interfaces. Mater Horiz 2022; 9:61-87. [PMID: 34851347 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh01294k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This tutorial review presents our perspective on designing organic molecules for the functionalization of inorganic nanomaterial surfaces, through the model of an "anchor-functionality" paradigm. This "anchor-functionality" paradigm is a streamlined design strategy developed from a comprehensive range of materials (e.g., lead halide perovskites, II-VI semiconductors, III-V semiconductors, metal oxides, diamonds, carbon dots, silicon, etc.) and applications (e.g., light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, lasers, photonic cavities, photocatalysis, fluorescence imaging, photo dynamic therapy, drug delivery, etc.). The structure of this organic interface modifier comprises two key components: anchor groups binding to inorganic surfaces and functional groups that optimize their performance in specific applications. To help readers better understand and utilize this approach, the roles of different anchor groups and different functional groups are discussed and explained through their interactions with inorganic materials and external environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yunping Huang
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Theodore A Cohen
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Breena M Sperry
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
| | - Helen Larson
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Hao A Nguyen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Micaela K Homer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Florence Y Dou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Laura M Jacoby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Brandi M Cossairt
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Daniel R Gamelin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Christine K Luscombe
- Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
- Molecular Engineering & Sciences Institute, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Roychoudhury P, Golubeva A, Dąbek P, Gloc M, Dobrucka R, Kurzydłowski K, Witkowski A. Diatom Mediated Production of Fluorescent Flower Shaped Silver-Silica Nanohybrid. Materials (Basel) 2021; 14:ma14237284. [PMID: 34885439 PMCID: PMC8658300 DOI: 10.3390/ma14237284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/19/2021] [Accepted: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Fabrication of flower-like nanostructures are gaining attention because of their high surface/volume ratio and extensive adsorption capacity. In the present investigation, flower-shaped, autofluorescent silver-silica (Ag-SiO2) hybrid nanoparticles have been fabricated exploiting diatoms as a source of nanosilica. Two different species of Gedaniella including G. flavovirens and G. mutabilis showed their efficacy in synthesizing fluorescent Ag-SiO2 nanoflowers (NFs) and nanospheres (NSs) against 9 mM silver nitrate solution, respectively. The biogenic nanoconjugate (Ag-SiO2) was characterized by Uv-vis spectroscopy, energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), scanning (SEM) and transmission (TEM) electron microscopy. Production of Ag-SiO2 hybrid nanoparticle was confirmed by observing both Ag and Si signals from a single nanoparticle in an EDS study. The broad and single absorption band at ~420 nm in Uv-vis spectroscopy confirmed proper miscibility and production of hybrid nanoparticles. The Ag-SiO2 nanohybrids revealed autofluorescent property under the blue light region (excitation ~450–490 nm). SEM images of particles synthesized by G. flavovirens revealed the production of microscopic flower shaped Ag-SiO2 particles with several layers of petals. A TEM study confirmed that the synthesized Ag-SiO2 NFs are variable in size with 100–500 nm in diameter. Decolorization of methylene blue after exposure to Ag-SiO2 particles confirmed catalytic activity of synthesized nanostructures. This eco-friendly method provides a new dimension in nanobiotechnology for biogenesis of such hierarchical nanostructure in a cost-effective way.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Piya Roychoudhury
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.D.); (A.W.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Aleksandra Golubeva
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Przemysław Dąbek
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.D.); (A.W.)
| | - Michał Gloc
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); or (R.D.)
| | - Renata Dobrucka
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Warsaw University of Technology, Wołoska 141, 02-507 Warsaw, Poland; (M.G.); or (R.D.)
- Department of Industrial Products and Packaging Quality, Institute of Quality Science, Poznań University of Economics and Business, al. Niepodległości 10, 61-875 Poznań, Poland
| | - Krzysztof Kurzydłowski
- Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Białystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45c, 15-351 Białystok, Poland;
| | - Andrzej Witkowski
- Institute of Marine and Environmental Sciences, University of Szczecin, Mickiewicza 16a, 70-383 Szczecin, Poland; (A.G.); (P.D.); (A.W.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Okolo CA, Kounatidis I, Groen J, Nahas KL, Balint S, Fish TM, Koronfel MA, Cortajarena AL, Dobbie IM, Pereiro E, Harkiolaki M. Sample preparation strategies for efficient correlation of 3D SIM and soft X-ray tomography data at cryogenic temperatures. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:2851-2885. [PMID: 33990802 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00522-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
3D correlative microscopy methods have revolutionized biomedical research, allowing the acquisition of multidimensional information to gain an in-depth understanding of biological systems. With the advent of relevant cryo-preservation methods, correlative imaging of cryogenically preserved samples has led to nanometer resolution imaging (2-50 nm) under harsh imaging regimes such as electron and soft X-ray tomography. These methods have now been combined with conventional and super-resolution fluorescence imaging at cryogenic temperatures to augment information content from a given sample, resulting in the immediate requirement for protocols that facilitate hassle-free, unambiguous cross-correlation between microscopes. We present here sample preparation strategies and a direct comparison of different working fiducialization regimes that facilitate 3D correlation of cryo-structured illumination microscopy and cryo-soft X-ray tomography. Our protocol has been tested at two synchrotron beamlines (B24 at Diamond Light Source in the UK and BL09 Mistral at ALBA in Spain) and has led to the development of a decision aid that facilitates experimental design with the strategic use of markers based on project requirements. This protocol takes between 1.5 h and 3.5 d to complete, depending on the cell populations used (adherent cells may require several days to grow on sample carriers).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chidinma A Okolo
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Ilias Kounatidis
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | | | - Kamal L Nahas
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.,Division of Virology, Department of Pathology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stefan Balint
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Thomas M Fish
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Mohamed A Koronfel
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK
| | - Aitziber L Cortajarena
- Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Donostia San Sebastián, Spain.,Ikerbasque, Basque Foundation for Science, Bilbao, Spain
| | - Ian M Dobbie
- Micron Advanced Imaging Consortium, Department of Biochemistry, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Eva Pereiro
- Beamline 09-MISTRAL, ALBA Synchrotron, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Maria Harkiolaki
- Beamline B24, Diamond Light Source, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus, Didcot, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Lane R, Vos Y, Wolters AHG, Kessel LV, Chen SE, Liv N, Klumperman J, Giepmans BNG, Hoogenboom JP. Optimization of negative stage bias potential for faster imaging in large-scale electron microscopy. J Struct Biol X 2021; 5:100046. [PMID: 33763642 PMCID: PMC7973379 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjsbx.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
The use of a negative bias potential was empirically optimized for tissue imaging with SEM. Optimized bias potential leads to a factor 20 increase in imaging speeds as well as an order of magnitude improvement to SNR. SNR increase results from a combination of BSE acceleration and detector response. Similar increases to SNR can be obtained when a magnetic immersion field is combined with a negative bias potential. Stage bias can be applied within an integrated fluorescence and electron microscope allowing for fast correlative imaging of tissue sections.
Large-scale electron microscopy (EM) allows analysis of both tissues and macromolecules in a semi-automated manner, but acquisition rate forms a bottleneck. We reasoned that a negative bias potential may be used to enhance signal collection, allowing shorter dwell times and thus increasing imaging speed. Negative bias potential has previously been used to tune penetration depth in block-face imaging. However, optimization of negative bias potential for application in thin section imaging will be needed prior to routine use and application in large-scale EM. Here, we present negative bias potential optimized through a combination of simulations and empirical measurements. We find that the use of a negative bias potential generally results in improvement of image quality and signal-to-noise ratio (SNR). The extent of these improvements depends on the presence and strength of a magnetic immersion field. Maintaining other imaging conditions and aiming for the same image quality and SNR, the use of a negative stage bias can allow for a 20-fold decrease in dwell time, thus reducing the time for a week long acquisition to less than 8 h. We further show that negative bias potential can be applied in an integrated correlative light electron microscopy (CLEM) application, allowing fast acquisition of a high precision overlaid LM-EM dataset. Application of negative stage bias potential will thus help to solve the current bottleneck of image acquisition of large fields of view at high resolution in large-scale microscopy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryan Lane
- Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Yoram Vos
- Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - Anouk H G Wolters
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luc van Kessel
- Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, The Netherlands
| | - S Elisa Chen
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Cell Biology, Center for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Center Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Ben N G Giepmans
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Yang JE, Larson MR, Sibert BS, Shrum S, Wright ER. CorRelator: Interactive software for real-time high precision cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107709. [PMID: 33610654 PMCID: PMC8601405 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Cryo-correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is a technique that uses the spatiotemporal cues from fluorescence light microscopy (FLM) to investigate the high-resolution ultrastructure of biological samples by cryo-electron microscopy (cryo-EM). Cryo-CLEM provides advantages for identifying and distinguishing fluorescently labeled proteins, macromolecular complexes, and organelles from the cellular environment. Challenges remain on how correlation workflows and software tools are implemented on different microscope platforms to support automated cryo-EM data acquisition. Here, we present CorRelator: an open-source desktop application that bridges between cryo-FLM and real-time cryo-EM/ET automated data collection. CorRelator implements a pixel-coordinate-to-stage-position transformation for flexible, high accuracy on-the-fly and post-acquisition correlation. CorRelator can be integrated into cryo-CLEM workflows and easily adapted to standard fluorescence and transmission electron microscope (TEM) system configurations. CorRelator was benchmarked under live-cell and cryogenic conditions using several FLM and TEM instruments, demonstrating that CorRelator reliably supports real-time, automated correlative cryo-EM/ET acquisition, through a combination of software-aided and interactive alignment. CorRelator is a cross-platform software package featuring an intuitive Graphical User Interface (GUI) that guides the user through the correlation process. CorRelator source code is available at: https://github.com/wright-cemrc-projects/corr.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie E Yang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Matthew R Larson
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Bryan S Sibert
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Samantha Shrum
- Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States
| | - Elizabeth R Wright
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Cryo-Electron Microscopy Research Center, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Biophysics Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States; Morgridge Institute for Research, Madison, WI, 53715, United States; Midwest Center for Cryo-Electron Tomography, Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI 53706, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Berger C, Ravelli RBG, López-Iglesias C, Peters PJ. Endocytosed nanogold fiducials for improved in-situ cryo-electron tomography tilt-series alignment. J Struct Biol 2021; 213:107698. [PMID: 33545353 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2021.107698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2020] [Revised: 12/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cryo-electron tomography (CET) on cryo-focused ion beam (FIB)-milled lamellae is becoming a powerful technique for determining the structure of macromolecular complexes in their native cellular environment. Prior to tomogram reconstruction, CET tilt-series recorded on FIB lamellae need to be aligned. Traditionally, CET tilt-series alignment is performed with 5-20 nm gold fiducials, but it has thus far proven difficult to apply this to FIB lamellae of eukaryotic cells. In here, we describe a simple method to allow uptake of bovine serum albumin (BSA)-gold fiducials into mammalian cells via endocytosis, which can subsequently be used as fiducials for tilt-series alignment of cryo-FIB lamellae. We compare the alignment of tilt-series with BSA-gold fiducials to fiducial-less patch-tracking, and find better alignment results with BSA-gold. This technique can contribute to understand cells at a structural and ultrastructural level with both cryo- and room-temperature electron tomography. Furthermore, fluorescently labeled BSA-gold has the potential to be used as fiducials for correlative light and electron microscopy studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Casper Berger
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Raimond B G Ravelli
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen López-Iglesias
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J Peters
- Division of Nanoscopy, Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Maastricht University, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tinguely JC, Steyer AM, Øie CI, Helle ØI, Dullo FT, Olsen R, McCourt P, Schwab Y, Ahluwalia BS. Photonic-chip assisted correlative light and electron microscopy. Commun Biol 2020; 3:739. [PMID: 33288833 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-020-01473-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Accepted: 11/10/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) unifies the versatility of light microscopy (LM) with the high resolution of electron microscopy (EM), allowing one to zoom into the complex organization of cells. Here, we introduce photonic chip assisted CLEM, enabling multi-modal total internal reflection fluorescence (TIRF) microscopy over large field of view and high precision localization of the target area of interest within EM. The photonic chips are used as a substrate to hold, to illuminate and to provide landmarking of the sample through specially designed grid-like numbering systems. Using this approach, we demonstrate its applicability for tracking the area of interest, imaging the three-dimensional (3D) structural organization of nano-sized morphological features on liver sinusoidal endothelial cells such as fenestrations (trans-cytoplasmic nanopores), and correlating specific endo-lysosomal compartments with its cargo protein upon endocytosis. Tinguely et al. develop a photonic chip-based correlative light-electron microscopy system to generate co-registered multi-modal total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy (TIRF) and electron microscopy (EM) images of biological samples at nanometer scale.
Collapse
|
19
|
Buerger K, Schmidt KN, Fokkema J, Gerritsen HC, Maier O, de Vries U, Zaytseva Y, Rachel R, Witzgall R. On-section correlative light and electron microscopy of large cellular volumes using STEM tomography. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 162:171-203. [PMID: 33707012 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The application of both fluorescence and electron microscopy results in a powerful combination of imaging modalities called "correlative light and electron microscopy" (CLEM). Whereas conventional transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography is only able to image sections up to a thickness of ~300nm, scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) tomography at 200kV allows the analysis of sections up to a thickness of 900nm in three dimensions. In the current study we have successfully integrated STEM tomography into CLEM as demonstrated for human retinal pigment epithelial 1 (RPE1) cells expressing various fluorescent fusion proteins which were high-pressure frozen and then embedded in Lowicryl HM20. Fluorescently labeled gold nanoparticles were applied onto resin sections and imaged by fluorescence and electron microscopy. STEM tomograms were recorded at regions of interest, and overlays were generated using the eC-CLEM software package. Through the nuclear staining of living cells, the use of fluorescently labeled gold fiducials for the generation of overlays, and the integration of STEM tomography we have markedly extended the application of the Kukulski protocol (Kukulski et al., 2011, 2012). Various fluorescently tagged proteins localizing to different cellular organelles could be assigned to their ultrastructural compartments. By combining STEM tomography with on-section CLEM, fluorescently tagged proteins can be localized in three-dimensional ultrastructural environments with a volume of at least 2.7×2.7×0.5μm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Korbinian Buerger
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| | - Kerstin N Schmidt
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Jantina Fokkema
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Maier
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Uwe de Vries
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Yulia Zaytseva
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Reinhard Rachel
- Center for Electron Microscopy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Ralph Witzgall
- Institute for Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Andrian T, Bakkum T, van Elsland DM, Bos E, Koster AJ, Albertazzi L, van Kasteren SI, Pujals S. Super-resolution correlative light-electron microscopy using a click-chemistry approach for studying intracellular trafficking. Methods Cell Biol 2020; 162:303-331. [PMID: 33707017 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) entails a group of multimodal imaging techniques that are combined to pinpoint to the location of fluorescently labeled molecules in the context of their ultrastructural cellular environment. Here we describe a detailed workflow for STORM-CLEM, in which STochastic Optical Reconstruction Microscopy (STORM), an optical super-resolution technique, is correlated with transmission electron microscopy (TEM). This protocol has the advantage that both imaging modalities have resolution at the nanoscale, bringing higher synergies on the information obtained. The sample is prepared according to the Tokuyasu method followed by click-chemistry labeling and STORM imaging. Then, after heavy metal staining, electron microscopy imaging is performed followed by correlation of the two images. The case study presented here is on intracellular pathogens, but the protocol is versatile and could potentially be applied to many types of samples.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Andrian
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Thomas Bakkum
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Daphne M van Elsland
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Erik Bos
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham J Koster
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Section Electron Microscopy, Leiden University Medical Center LUMC, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute of Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, Eindhoven, The Netherlands.
| | - Sander I van Kasteren
- Leiden Institute of Chemistry and The Institute for Chemical Immunology, Leiden University, Leiden, The Netherlands.
| | - Sílvia Pujals
- Institute of Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Barcelona, Spain; Department of Electronics and Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Physics, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Vints K, Baatsen P, Gounko NV. An accelerated procedure for approaching and imaging of optically branded region of interest in tissue. Methods Cell Biol 2021; 162:205-21. [PMID: 33707013 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2020.08.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Many areas of biology have benefited from advances in light microscopy (LM). However, one limitation of the LM approach is that numerous critically important aspects of subcellular machineries are well beyond the resolution of conventional LM. For studying these, electron microscopy (EM) remains the technique of choice to visualize and identify macromolecules at the ultrastructural level. The most powerful approach is combining both techniques, LM and EM (i.e., to apply correlative light/electron microscopy, CLEM) to image exactly the same region of interest. This combination allows, for example, to immuno-localize proteins by LM and then to visualize the ultrastructural context of the same region of the sample. However, the identification and correlation of the regions of interest (ROIs) at the levels of LM and EM remains a major challenge, mostly due to the difficulties with correlation along the Z-axis for both modalities. In this chapter, we address this difficulty and describe an approach for performing CLEM in tissue samples using marks from near-infrared branding as indicators of a ROI, and then using serial block face-scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) to identify and approach this ROI. Once a ROI has been approached, serial sections are collected on grids for high-resolution imaging by transmission EM, and subsequent correlation with LM images showing labeled proteins.
Collapse
|
22
|
KUBA JAKUB, MITCHELS JOHN, HOVORKA MILOŠ, ERDMANN PHILIPP, BERKA LUKÁŠ, KIRMSE ROBERT, KÖNIG JULIA, DE BOCK JAN, GOETZE BERNHARD, RIGORT ALEXANDER. Advanced cryo‐tomography workflow developments – correlative microscopy, milling automation and cryo‐lift‐out. J Microsc 2020; 281:112-124. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- JAKUB KUBA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | - JOHN MITCHELS
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | - MILOŠ HOVORKA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | - PHILIPP ERDMANN
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
| | - LUKÁŠ BERKA
- Thermo Fisher Scientific Brno s.r.o. Brno Czech Republic
| | | | | | - JAN DE BOCK
- Leica Microsystems CMS GmbH Mannheim Germany
| | - BERNHARD GOETZE
- Thermo Fisher Scientific FEI Deutschland GmbH Planegg Germany
| | - ALEXANDER RIGORT
- Department of Molecular Structural Biology Max Planck Institute of Biochemistry Martinsried Germany
- Thermo Fisher Scientific FEI Deutschland GmbH Planegg Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Lavado-García J, Cervera L, Gòdia F. An Alternative Perfusion Approach for the Intensification of Virus-Like Particle Production in HEK293 Cultures. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2020; 8:617. [PMID: 32637402 PMCID: PMC7318772 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2020.00617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Virus-like particles (VLPs) have gained interest over the last years as recombinant vaccine formats, as they generate a strong immune response and present storage and distribution advantages compared to conventional vaccines. Therefore, VLPs are being regarded as potential vaccine candidates for several diseases. One requirement for their further clinical testing is the development of scalable processes and production platforms for cell-based viral particles. In this work, the extended gene expression (EGE) method, which consists in consecutive media replacements combined with cell retransfections, was successfully optimized and transferred to a bioreactor operating in perfusion. A process optimization using design of experiments (DoE) was carried out to obtain optimal values for the time of retransfection, the cell specific perfusion rate (CSPR) and transfected DNA concentration, improving 86.7% the previously reported EGE protocol in HEK293. Moreover, it was successfully implemented at 1.5L bioreactor using an ATF as cell retention system achieving concentrations of 6.8·1010 VLP/mL. VLP interaction with the ATF hollow fibers was studied via confocal microscopy, field emission scanning electron microscopy, and nanoparticle tracking analysis to design a bioprocess capable of separating unassembled Gag monomers and concentrate VLPs in one step.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jesús Lavado-García
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Laura Cervera
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesc Gòdia
- Grup d'Enginyeria Cellular i Bioprocés, Escola d'Enginyeria, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Mohammadian S, Agronskaia AV, Blab GA, van Donselaar EG, de Heus C, Liv N, Klumperman J, Gerritsen HC. Integrated super resolution fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 215:113007. [PMID: 32470633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), the capabilities of fluorescence microscopy (FM) and electron microscopy (EM) are united. FM combines a large field of view with high sensitivity for detecting fluorescence, which makes it an excellent tool for identifying regions of interest. EM has a much smaller field of view but offers superb resolution that allows studying cellular ultrastructure. In CLEM, the potentials of both techniques are combined but a limiting factor is the large difference in resolution between the two imaging modalities. Adding super resolution FM to CLEM reduces the resolution gap between FM and EM; it offers the possibility of identifying multiple targets within the diffraction limit and can increase correlation accuracy. CLEM is usually carried out in two separate setups, which requires transfer of the sample. This may result in distortion and damage of the specimen, which can complicate finding back regions of interest. By integrating the two imaging modalities, such problems can be avoided. Here, an integrated super resolution correlative microscopy approach is presented based on a wide-field super resolution FM integrated in a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Switching imaging modalities is accomplished by rotation of the TEM sample holder. First imaging experiments are presented on sections of Lowicryl embedded Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells labeled for Caveolin both with Protein A-Gold, and Alexa Fluor®647. TEM and FM images were overlaid using fiducial markers visible in both imaging modalities with an overlay accuracy of 28 ± 11 nm. This is close to the optical resolution of ~50 nm.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Mohammadian
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra V Agronskaia
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A Blab
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elly G van Donselaar
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Li W, Cao Z, Liu R, Liu L, Li H, Li X, Chen Y, Lu C, Liu Y. AuNPs as an important inorganic nanoparticle applied in drug carrier systems. Artificial Cells, Nanomedicine, and Biotechnology 2019; 47:4222-4233. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2019.1687501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wen Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Zhiwen Cao
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Rui Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Linlin Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Hui Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Xiang Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Youwen Chen
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Lu
- Institute of Basic Research in Clinical Medicine, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yuanyan Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
Gold nanoparticles (GNPs) are promising nanomaterials for various biomedical applications owing to their remarkable optical properties and biocompatibility. However, their interfacial properties require modification for practical use in such applications. Herein, a simple method for modifying the surface of GNPs with polydopamine (PDA) to serve as a scaffold for the subsequent polymerization of hyperbranched polyglycerol (HPG) is reported. GNPs were first coated with PDA (GNP-PDA), and then ring-opening chemistry was used at this interface to modify GNP-PDA with HPG (GNP-PDA-HPG). The produced GNP-PDA-HPG shows not only excellent dispersibility in a salt-containing solution but also strong resistance to aggregation in high- and low-pH solutions, even after 10 days. Moreover, we demonstrate a one-pot method for functionalizing GNP-PDA with HPG and either COOH or trimethylammonium. Finally, we conjugated the trimethylammonium-functionalized GNP-PDA-HPG with fluorescent nanodiamonds to investigate the photothermal ability of the functional GNPs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Sotoma
- Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS) , 5-3-1 Chiyoda , Tokyo 102-0083 , Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Salari M, Bitounis D, Bhattacharya K, Pyrgiotakis G, Zhang Z, Purington E, Gramlich W, Grondin Y, Rogers R, Bousfield D, Demokritou P. Development & Characterization of Fluorescently Tagged Nanocellulose for Nanotoxicological Studies. Environ Sci Nano 2019; 6:1516-1526. [PMID: 31844523 PMCID: PMC6914317 DOI: 10.1039/c8en01381k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid adoption of nanocellulose-based engineered nanomaterials (CNM) by many industries generates environmental health and safety (EHS) concerns. This work presents the development of fluorescently tagged CNM which can be used to study their interactions with biological systems. Specifically, cellulose nano-fibrils and cellulose nano-crystals with covalently attached fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC) molecules on their surface were synthesized. The fluorescence of the FITC-tagged materials was assessed along with potential FITC detachment under pH conditions encountered in the human gastrointestinal tract, in intracellular compartments, and in cell culture media. Finally, the potential cytotoxicity due to the presence of FITC molecules on the surface of CNM was assessed using a cellular gut epithelium model. The results showed that neither FITC-CNF nor FITC-CNC were cytotoxic and that they have a comparable bioactivity to their untagged counterparts, rendering them suitable for biological studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Salari
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| | - Dimitrios Bitounis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| | - Kunal Bhattacharya
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| | - Georgios Pyrgiotakis
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| | - Zhenyuan Zhang
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| | - Emilia Purington
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, Orono ME 04469 USA
| | - William Gramlich
- Department of Chemistry, University of Maine, Orono, ME 04469 USA
| | - Yohann Grondin
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| | - Rick Rogers
- Department of Environmental Health, Molecular and Integrative Physiological Sciences Program, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| | - Douglas Bousfield
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Maine, Orono ME 04469 USA
| | - Philip Demokritou
- Center for Nanotechnology and Nanotoxicology, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, MA, 07016, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
van der Hoeven JES, van der Wee EB, de Winter DAM, Hermes M, Liu Y, Fokkema J, Bransen M, van Huis MA, Gerritsen HC, de Jongh PE, van Blaaderen A. Bridging the gap: 3D real-space characterization of colloidal assemblies via FIB-SEM tomography. Nanoscale 2019; 11:5304-5316. [PMID: 30843546 DOI: 10.1039/c8nr09753d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Insight in the structure of nanoparticle assemblies up to a single particle level is key to understand the collective properties of these assemblies, which critically depend on the individual particle positions and orientations. However, the characterization of large, micron sized assemblies containing small, 10-500 nanometer, sized colloids is highly challenging and cannot easily be done with the conventional light, electron or X-ray microscopy techniques. Here, we demonstrate that focused ion beam-scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) tomography in combination with image processing enables quantitative real-space studies of ordered and disordered particle assemblies too large for conventional transmission electron tomography, containing particles too small for confocal microscopy. First, we demonstrate the high resolution structural analysis of spherical nanoparticle assemblies, containing small anisotropic gold nanoparticles. Herein, FIB-SEM tomography allows the characterization of assembly dimensions which are inaccessible to conventional transmission electron microscopy. Next, we show that FIB-SEM tomography is capable of characterizing much larger ordered and disordered assemblies containing silica colloids with a diameter close to the resolution limit of confocal microscopes. We determined both the position and the orientation of each individual (nano)particle in the assemblies by using recently developed particle tracking routines. Such high precision structural information is essential in the understanding and design of the collective properties of new nanoparticle based materials and processes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jessi E S van der Hoeven
- Soft Condensed Matter and Biophysics, Debye Institute for Nanomaterials Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, The Netherlands.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|