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Sergi CM, Kehar M, Jimenez-Rivera C. Liver Biopsy Handling of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease (MAFLD): the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario grossing protocol. Ther Adv Endocrinol Metab 2024; 15:20420188241227766. [PMID: 38322111 PMCID: PMC10846056 DOI: 10.1177/20420188241227766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic-(non-alcoholic) associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD/NAFLD) has increasingly become a worldwide epidemic. It has been suggested that renaming NAFLD to MAFLD is critical in identifying patients with advanced fibrosis and poor cardiovascular outcomes. There are concerns that the progression to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) may become a constant drive in the future healthcare of children and adolescents. There is a necessity to tackle the emerging risk factors for NASH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). In this narrative review, we present the current protocol of liver biopsy separated between pre-analytical, analytical, and post-analytical handling. Genetic association investigations have identified single nucleotide polymorphisms implicated in the progression of MAFLD-HCC, many of which seem to belong to the lipid metabolism pathways. PNPLA3 rs738409 variant, TM6SF2 rs58542926 variant, MBOAT7 rs641738 variant, and GCKR variants seem to be significantly associated with NAFLD disease susceptibility. In disclosing the current comprehensive protocol performed at the Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada, we support the most recent Kulkarni-Sarin's pledge to rename NAFLD to MAFLD. Grossing of the liver biopsy is key to identifying histologic, immunophenotypical, and ultrastructure data and properly preserving tissue for molecular genomics data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Consolato M. Sergi
- Division of Anatomic Pathology, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, 401 Smyth Road Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1H 8L1m, Canada
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Stollery Children’s Hospital, University of Alberta Hospital, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mohit Kehar
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carolina Jimenez-Rivera
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Nutrition, Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON, Canada
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Reuvers TG, Verkaik NS, Stuurman D, de Ridder C, Groningen MCCV, de Blois E, Nonnekens J. DNA-PKcs inhibitors sensitize neuroendocrine tumor cells to peptide receptor radionuclide therapy in vitro and in vivo. Theranostics 2023; 13:3117-3130. [PMID: 37351169 PMCID: PMC10283055 DOI: 10.7150/thno.82963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Peptide receptor radionuclide therapy (PRRT) increases progression-free survival and quality of life of neuroendocrine tumor (NET) patients, however complete cures are rare and dose-limiting toxicity has been reported. PRRT induces DNA damage of which DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) are the most cytotoxic. DNA-dependent protein kinase catalytic subunit (DNA-PKcs) is a key player in DSB repair and its inhibition therefore is a potential way to enhance PRRT efficacy without increasing the dosage. Methods: We analyzed effects of combining PRRT and DNA-PKcs inhibitor AZD7648 on viability, cell death and clonogenic survival on SSTR2-expressing cell lines BON1-SSTR2, GOT1 and NCI-H69. Therapy-induced DNA damage response was assessed by analyzing DSB foci levels and cell cycle distributions. In vivo efficacy was investigated in BON1-SSTR2 and NCI-H69 xenografted mice and hematologic and renal toxicity were monitored by blood counts, creatinine levels and analyzing renal morphology. Results: Combining PRRT and AZD7648 significantly decreased viability of BON1-SSTR2, GOT1 and NCI-H69 cells and induced cell death in GOT1 and BON1-SSTR2 cells. A strong effect of AZD7648 on PRRT-induced DSB repair was found. In GOT1 cells, this was accompanied by induction of cell cycle blocks. However, BON1-SSTR2 cells were unable to fully arrest their cell cycle and polyploid cells with high DNA damage levels were detected. In vivo, AZD7648 significantly sensitized BON1-SSTR2 and NCI-H69 xenograft models to PRRT. In addition, combination therapy did not induce significant changes in body weight, blood composition, plasma creatinine levels and renal morphology, indicating the absence of severe acute hematologic and renal toxicity. Conclusion: These results highlight that the potentiation of the therapeutic effect of PRRT by DNA-PKcs inhibition is a highly effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy. Based on our findings, we recommend initiation of phase I/II studies in patients to find a safe and effective combination regimen.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thom G.A. Reuvers
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nicole S. Verkaik
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debra Stuurman
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corrina de Ridder
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marian C. Clahsen-van Groningen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Institute of Experimental Medicine and Systems Biology, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Erik de Blois
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Julie Nonnekens
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Tu A, Said N, Muddiman DC. Spatially resolved metabolomic characterization of muscle invasive bladder cancer by mass spectrometry imaging. Metabolomics 2021; 17:70. [PMID: 34287708 PMCID: PMC8893274 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-021-01819-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) is an advanced stage of bladder cancer which poses a severe threat to life. Cancer development is usually accompanied by remarkable alterations in cell metabolism, and hence deep insights into MIBC at the metabolomic level can facilitate the understanding of the biochemical mechanisms involved in the cancer development and progression. METHODS In this proof-of-concept study, the optimal cutting temperature (OCT)-embedded MIBC samples were first washed with pure water to remove the polymer compounds which could cause severe signal suppression during mass spectrometry. Further, the tissue sections were analyzed by infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging (IR-MALDESI MSI), providing an overview on the spatially resolved metabolomic profiles. RESULTS The MSI data enabled the discrimination between not only the cancerous and normal tissues, but also the subregions within a tissue section associated with different disease states. Using t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE), the hyperdimensional MSI data was mapped into a two-dimensional space to visualize the spectral similarity, providing evidence that metabolomic alterations might have occurred outside the histopathological tumor border. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) was further employed to classify sample pathology in a pixel-wise manner, yielding excellent prediction sensitivity and specificity up to 96% based on the statistically characteristic spectral features. CONCLUSION The results demonstrate great promise of IR-MALDESI MSI to identify molecular changes derived from cancer and unveil tumor heterogeneity, which can potentially promote the discovery of clinically relevant biomarkers and allow for applications in precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anqi Tu
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Neveen Said
- Departments of Cancer Biology, Pathology, and Urology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Winston Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- FTMS Laboratory for Human Health Research, Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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Jaiswal YS, Yerke AM, Bagley MC, Ekelöf M, Weber D, Haddad D, Fodor A, Muddiman DC, Williams LL. 3D Imaging and metabolomic profiling reveal higher neuroactive kavalactone contents in lateral roots and crown root peels of Piper methysticum (kava). Gigascience 2020; 9:giaa096. [PMID: 32960942 PMCID: PMC7507772 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/giaa096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kava is an important neuroactive medicinal plant. While kava has a large global consumer footprint for its clinical and recreational use, factors related to its use lack standardization and the tissue-specific metabolite profile of its neuroactive constituents is not well understood. RESULTS Here we characterized the metabolomic profile and spatio-temporal characteristics of tissues from the roots and stems using cross-platform metabolomics and a 3D imaging approach. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry revealed the highest content of kavalactones in crown root peels and lateral roots. Infrared matrix-assisted laser desorption electrospray ionization (IR-MALDESI) imaging revealed a unique tissue-specific presence of each target kavalactone. X-ray micro-computed tomography analysis demonstrated that lateral roots have morphological characteristics suitable for synthesis of the highest content of kavalactones. CONCLUSIONS These results provide mechanistic insights into the social and clinical practice of the use of only peeled roots by linking specific tissue characteristics to concentrations of neuroactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yogini S Jaiswal
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
| | - Aaron M Yerke
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - M Caleb Bagley
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Måns Ekelöf
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Daniel Weber
- Fraunhofer Development Centre X-Ray Technology EZRT, Division of Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Department Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Imaging MRB, Am Hubland D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Daniel Haddad
- Fraunhofer Development Centre X-Ray Technology EZRT, Division of Fraunhofer Institute for Integrated Circuits IIS, Department Magnetic Resonance and X-Ray Imaging MRB, Am Hubland D-97074 Wurzburg, Germany
| | - Anthony Fodor
- Department of Bioinformatics and Genomics, University of North Carolina at Charlotte, Charlotte, NC 28223, USA
| | - David C Muddiman
- Department of Chemistry, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Molecular Education, Technology and Research Innovation Center (METRIC), North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Leonard L Williams
- Center for Excellence in Post Harvest Technologies, North Carolina Agricultural and Technical State University, The North Carolina Research Campus, 500 Laureate Way, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA
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