1
|
Guarín J, Frontera C, Oró-Solé J, Gàzquez J, Ritter C, Fontcuberta J, Fuertes A. High-Temperature Synthesis of Ferromagnetic Eu 3Ta 3(O,N) 9 with a Triple Perovskite Structure. Inorg Chem 2023; 62:17362-17370. [PMID: 37822252 PMCID: PMC10722464 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c02691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Europium tantalum perovskite oxynitrides were prepared by a new high-temperature solid-state synthesis under N2 or N2/H2 gas. The nitrogen stoichiometry was tuned from 0.63 to 1.78 atoms per Eu or Ta atom, starting with appropriate N/O ratios in the mixture of the reactants Eu2O3, EuN and Ta3N5, or Eu2O3 and TaON, which was treated at 1200 °C for 3 h. Two phases were isolated with compositions EuTaO2.37N0.63 and Eu3Ta3O3.66N5.34, showing different crystal structures and magnetic properties. Electron diffraction and Rietveld refinement of synchrotron radiation X-ray diffraction indicated that EuTaO2.37N0.63 is a simple perovskite with cubic Pm3̅m structure and cell parameter a = 4.02043(1) Å, whereas the new compound Eu3Ta3O3.66N5.34 is the first example of a triple perovskite oxynitride and shows space group P4/mmm with crystal parameters a = 3.99610(2), c = 11.96238(9) Å. The tripling of the c-axis in this phase is a consequence of the partial ordering of europium atoms with different charges in two A sites of the perovskite structure with relative ratio 2:1, where the formal oxidation states +3 and +2 are respectively dominant. Magnetic data provide evidence of ferromagnetic ordering developing at low temperatures in both oxynitrides, with saturation magnetization of about 6 μB and 3 μB per Eu ion for EuTaO2.37N0.63 and the triple perovskite Eu3Ta3O3.66N5.34 respectively, and corresponding Curie temperatures of about 7 and 3 K, which is in agreement with the lower proportion of Eu2+ in the latter compound.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jhonatan
R. Guarín
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Carlos Frontera
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Judith Oró-Solé
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Jaume Gàzquez
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Clemens Ritter
- Institut
Laue-Langevin, 71 Av.
de Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Josep Fontcuberta
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Amparo Fuertes
- Institut
de Ciència de Materials de Barcelona (ICMAB-CSIC), Campus UAB, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chang S, Yu J, Wang R, Fu Q, Xu X. LaTaON 2 Mesoporous Single Crystals for Efficient Photocatalytic Water Oxidation and Z-Scheme Overall Water Splitting. ACS Nano 2021; 15:18153-18162. [PMID: 34677058 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.1c06871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
LaTaON2 porous single crystals (PSCs), integrating structural coherence and porous microstructures, will warrant promising photocatalytic performance. The absence of grain boundaries in PSCs ensures rapid photocarrier transportation from bulk to the surface, thereby mitigating photocarriers' recombination. Porous microstructures not only provide ample reachable surface to host photochemical reactions but also reinforce photon-matter interactions by additional photon reflection/scattering. Here, we have synthesized LaTaON2 PSCs via a topotactic route and show significantly improved photocatalytic performance. Efficient water oxidation into O2 has been realized by LaTaON2 PSCs with an apparent quantum efficiency as high as 5.7% at 420 ± 20 nm. Stable overall water splitting into stoichiometric H2 and O2 has also been achieved in a Z-scheme setup using LaTaON2 PSCs as the O2 evolution photocatalyst. These results not only prove that PSCs facilitate photocarrier migrations, which in turn deliver exceptional photocatalytic performance, but also imply that PSCs are useful to reinvigorate conventional semiconductor photocatalysts toward efficient solar energy conversions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shufang Chang
- Clinical and Central Lab, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Jinxing Yu
- Clinical and Central Lab, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Ran Wang
- Clinical and Central Lab, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Qingyang Fu
- Clinical and Central Lab, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Clinical and Central Lab, Putuo People's Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200060, China
- Shanghai Key Lab of Chemical Assessment and Sustainability, School of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Eichhorn J, Lechner SP, Jiang CM, Folchi Heunecke G, Munnik F, Sharp ID. Indirect bandgap, optoelectronic properties, and photoelectrochemical characteristics of high-purity Ta 3N 5 photoelectrodes. J Mater Chem A Mater 2021; 9:20653-20663. [PMID: 34671478 PMCID: PMC8454490 DOI: 10.1039/d1ta05282a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The (opto)electronic properties of Ta3N5 photoelectrodes are often dominated by defects, such as oxygen impurities, nitrogen vacancies, and low-valent Ta cations, impeding fundamental studies of its electronic structure, chemical stability, and photocarrier transport. Here, we explore the role of ammonia annealing following direct reactive magnetron sputtering of tantalum nitride thin films, achieving near-ideal stoichiometry, with significantly reduced native defect and oxygen impurity concentrations. By analyzing structural, optical, and photoelectrochemical properties as a function of ammonia annealing temperature, we provide new insights into the basic semiconductor properties of Ta3N5, as well as the role of defects on its optoelectronic characteristics. Both the crystallinity and material quality improve up to 940 °C, due to elimination of oxygen impurities. Even higher annealing temperatures cause material decomposition and introduce additional disorder within the Ta3N5 lattice, leading to reduced photoelectrochemical performance. Overall, the high material quality enables us to unambiguously identify the nature of the Ta3N5 bandgap as indirect, thereby resolving a long-standing controversy regarding the most fundamental characteristic of this material as a semiconductor. The compact morphology, low defect content, and high optoelectronic quality of these films provide a basis for further optimization of photoanodes and may open up further application opportunities beyond photoelectrochemical energy conversion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johanna Eichhorn
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Simon P Lechner
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Chang-Ming Jiang
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Giulia Folchi Heunecke
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| | - Frans Munnik
- Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf Bautzner Landstraße 400 01328 Dresden Germany
| | - Ian D Sharp
- Walter Schottky Institute and Physics Department, Technische Universität München Am Coulombwall 4 85748 Garching Germany
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Abstract
Solid solutions of LaTaON2 and BaTaO2N, i.e. La1−xBaxTaO1+yN2−y (0 ≤ x, y ≤ 1), have been investigated which show promising photocatalytic activity for water oxidation to oxygen under visible light illumination (λ ≥ 420 nm).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuwei Zhang
- Clinical and Central Lab
- Putuo People's Hospital
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| | - Xiaoxiang Xu
- Clinical and Central Lab
- Putuo People's Hospital
- Tongji University
- Shanghai
- China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Widenmeyer M, Kohler T, Samolis M, Denko ATD, Xiao X, Xie W, Osterloh FE, Weidenkaff A. Band Gap Adjustment in Perovskite-type Eu1−x
Ca
x
TiO3 via Ammonolysis. Z PHYS CHEM 2020. [DOI: 10.1515/zpch-2019-1429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Perovskite-type oxynitrides AB(O,N)3 are potential candidates for photoelectrode materials in solar water splitting. A drawback of these materials is their low sintering tendency resulting in low electrical conductivities. Typically, they are prepared by ammonia treatment of insulating, wide band gap oxides. In this study, we propose an approach starting from small band gap oxides Eu1−x
Ca
x
TiO3−
δ
and then widen the band gaps in a controlled way by ammonolysis and partial Ca2+ substitution. Both together induced a distortion of the octahedral network and dilution of the Eu4f and N2p levels in the valence band. The effect is the stronger the more Ca2+ is present. Within the series of samples, Eu0.4Ca0.6Ti(O,N)3 had the most suitable optical band gap (EG
≈ 2.2 eV) for water oxidation. However, its higher Eu content compared to Eu0.1Ca0.9Ti(O,N)3 slowed down the charge carrier dynamics due to enhanced trapping and recombination as expressed by large accumulation (τ
on) and decay (τ
off) times of the photovoltage of up to 109 s and 486 s, respectively. In contrast, the highly Ca2+-substituted samples (x ≥ 0.7) were more prone to formation of TiN and oxygen vacancies also leading to Ti3+ donor levels below the conduction band. Therefore, a precise control of the ammonolysis temperature is essential, since even small amounts of TiN can suppress the photovoltage generation by fast recombination processes. Water oxidation tests on Eu0.4Ca0.6Ti(O,N)3 revealed a formation of 7.5 μmol O2 from 50 mg powder together with significant photocorrosion of the bare material. Combining crystal structure, chemical composition, and optical and electronical band gap data, a first simplified model of the electronical band structure of Eu1−x
Ca
x
Ti(O,N)3 could be proposed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marc Widenmeyer
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Science , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Tobias Kohler
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Science , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Margarita Samolis
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Science , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
| | - Alexandra T. De Denko
- University of California , Department of Chemistry , One Shields Avenue , Davis, CA, 95616 , USA
| | - Xingxing Xiao
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Science , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Wenjie Xie
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Science , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
| | - Frank E. Osterloh
- University of California , Department of Chemistry , One Shields Avenue , Davis, CA, 95616 , USA
| | - Anke Weidenkaff
- University of Stuttgart, Institute for Materials Science , Heisenbergstr. 3 , 70569 Stuttgart , Germany
- Technische Universität Darmstadt, Institute of Materials Science , Alarich-Weiss-Str. 2 , 64287 Darmstadt , Germany
- Fraunhofer Institute Materials Recycling and Resource Strategies IWKS , Rodenbacher Chaussee 4 , 63457 Hanau , Germany
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Yang TQ, Peng B, Shan BQ, Zong YX, Jiang JG, Wu P, Zhang K. Origin of the Photoluminescence of Metal Nanoclusters: From Metal-Centered Emission to Ligand-Centered Emission. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2020; 10:nano10020261. [PMID: 32033058 PMCID: PMC7075164 DOI: 10.3390/nano10020261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2019] [Revised: 01/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recently, metal nanoclusters (MNCs) emerged as a new class of luminescent materials and have attracted tremendous interest in the area of luminescence-related applications due to their excellent luminous properties (good photostability, large Stokes shift) and inherent good biocompatibility. However, the origin of photoluminescence (PL) of MNCs is still not fully understood, which has limited their practical application. In this mini-review, focusing on the origin of the photoemission emission of MNCs, we simply review the evolution of luminescent mechanism models of MNCs, from the pure metal-centered quantum confinement mechanics to ligand-centered p band intermediate state (PBIS) model via a transitional ligand-to-metal charge transfer (LMCT or LMMCT) mechanism as a compromise model.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Peng Wu
- Correspondence: (P.W.); (K.Z.)
| | | |
Collapse
|