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Al-Jadir T, Alardhi SM, Al-Sheikh F, Jaber AA, Kadhim WA, Rahim MHA. Modeling of lead (II) ion adsorption on multiwall carbon nanotubes using artificial neural network and Monte Carlo technique. CHEM ENG COMMUN 2022. [DOI: 10.1080/00986445.2022.2129622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Thaer Al-Jadir
- Environment Research Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Saja Mohsen Alardhi
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Farooq Al-Sheikh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Alaa Abdulhady Jaber
- Mechanical Engineering Department, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Wafaa A Kadhim
- Nanotechnology and Advanced Materials Research Center, University of Technology- Iraq, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Mohd Hasbi Ab. Rahim
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang, Pahang, Malaysia
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Kröckel C, Preciado-Rivas MR, Torres-Sánchez VA, Mowbray DJ, Reich S, Hauke F, Chacón-Torres JC, Hirsch A. Understanding the Electron-Doping Mechanism in Potassium-Intercalated Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:2327-2337. [PMID: 31910007 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.9b11370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) can be doped with potassium, similar to graphite, leading to intercalation compounds. These binary systems exhibit a clear metallic character. However, the entire picture of how electron doping (e-doping) modifies the SWCNTs' vibrational spectra as a function of their diameter, chirality, and metallicity is still elusive. Herein, we present a detailed study of the intercalation and solid state reduction of metallic and semiconducting enriched HiPco SWCNTs. We performed a combined experimental and theoretical study of the evolution of their Raman response with potassium exposure, focusing specifically on their radial breathing mode (RBM). We found the charge donated from the potassium atoms occupies antibonding π orbitals of the SWCNTs, weakening their C-C bonds, and reducing the RBM frequency. This RBM downshift with increasing doping level is quasi-linear with a steplike behavior when the Fermi level crosses a van Hove singularity for semiconducting species. Moreover, this weakening of the C-C bonds is greater with decreasing curvature, or increasing diameter. Overall, this suggests the RBM downshift with e-doping is proportional to both the SWCNT's integrated density of states (DOS) ϱ(ε) and diameter d. We have provided a precise and complete description of the complex electron doping mechanism in SWCNTs up to a charge density of -18 me/C, far beyond that achievable by standard gate voltage studies, not being the highest doping possible, but high enough to track the effects of doping in SWCNTs based on their excitation energy, diameter, band gap energy, chiral angle, and metallicity. This work is highly relevant to tuning the electronic properties of SWCNTs for applications in nanoelectronics, plasmonics, and thermoelectricity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Kröckel
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | | | | | - Duncan J Mowbray
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology , Yachay Tech University , 100119 Urcuquı́ , Ecuador
| | - Stephanie Reich
- Department of Physics , Freie Universität Berlin , Arnimallee 14 , 14195 Berlin , Germany
| | - Frank Hauke
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
| | - Julio C Chacón-Torres
- School of Physical Sciences and Nanotechnology , Yachay Tech University , 100119 Urcuquı́ , Ecuador
| | - Andreas Hirsch
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy and Joint Institute of Advanced Materials and Processes (ZMP) , Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg , Nikolaus-Fiebiger-Strasse 10 , 91058 Erlangen , Germany
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Bankole MT, Abdulkareem AS, Mohammed IA, Ochigbo SS, Tijani JO, Abubakre OK, Roos WD. Selected Heavy Metals Removal From Electroplating Wastewater by Purified and Polyhydroxylbutyrate Functionalized Carbon Nanotubes Adsorbents. Sci Rep 2019; 9:4475. [PMID: 30872666 PMCID: PMC6418241 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-37899-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
This research investigated the removal of heavy metals (As, Pb, Cr, Cd, Ni, Cu, Fe, and Zn) via batch adsorption process from industrial electroplating wastewater using two different nano-adsorbents; purified carbon nanotubes (P-CNTs) and polyhydroxylbutyrate functionalized carbon nanotubes (PHB-CNTs), both produced through catalytic chemical vapour deposition (CCVD) method. HRSEM, HRTEM, XRD, DLS, BET, FTIR, XPS, TGA, pH drift and Raman spectroscopy were used to characterize the developed nano-adsorbents. In the batch adsorption process, the effects of contact time, dosage, temperature and pH were studied. Both nano-adsorbents gave optimum contact time, equilibrium time, optimum dosage, and pH of 10 minutes, 70 minutes, 20 mg, and 5.63–5.65 respectively. The heavy metals removal efficiencies by the nano-adsorbents followed the order of PHB-CNTs > P-CNTs based on ion exchange and electrostatic forces mechanism. For P-CNTs and PHB-CNTs, the equilibrium sorption isotherm suits temkin model, kinetic data fitted to pseudo-second order based on the linear regression correlation coefficient, and the thermodynamic study established spontaneity and endothermic nature of the adsorption process. The findings in this research conclude that both nano-adsorbents have exceptional capacity to remove heavy metals from the adsorbate, with PHB-CNTs possessing better quality. The treated adsorbate meets the standard for industrial or irrigation re-use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercy Temitope Bankole
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB.65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria. .,Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.
| | - Ambali Saka Abdulkareem
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB.65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.,Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Ishaq Alhassan Mohammed
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB.65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.,Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Stephen Shaibu Ochigbo
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB.65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Jimoh Oladejo Tijani
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Technology, PMB.65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.,Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Oladiran Kamaldeen Abubakre
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Federal University of Technology, PMB.65, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria.,Nanotechnology Research Group, Centre for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (CGEB), Federal University of Technology, P.M.B 65, Bosso, Minna, Niger State, Nigeria
| | - Wiets Daniel Roos
- Department of Physics, University of the Free State, P.O. Box 339, ZA-9300, Bloemfontein, Republic of South Africa
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