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Shkerin SN, Tolkacheva AS. Mayenite (A Review). RUSS J GEN CHEM+ 2022. [DOI: 10.1134/s1070363222110160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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Visbal H, Omura T, Nagashima K, Itoh T, Ohwaki T, Imai H, Ishigaki T, Maeno A, Suzuki K, Kaji H, Hirao K. Exploring the capability of mayenite (12CaO·7Al 2O 3) as hydrogen storage material. Sci Rep 2021; 11:6278. [PMID: 33737552 PMCID: PMC7973484 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-85540-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We utilized nanoporous mayenite (12CaO·7Al2O3), a cost-effective material, in the hydride state (H−) to explore the possibility of its use for hydrogen storage and transportation. Hydrogen desorption occurs by a simple reaction of mayenite with water, and the nanocage structure transforms into a calcium aluminate hydrate. This reaction enables easy desorption of H− ions trapped in the structure, which could allow the use of this material in future portable applications. Additionally, this material is 100% recyclable because the cage structure can be recovered by heat treatment after hydrogen desorption. The presence of hydrogen molecules as H− ions was confirmed by 1H-NMR, gas chromatography, and neutron diffraction analyses. We confirmed the hydrogen state stability inside the mayenite cage by the first-principles calculations to understand the adsorption mechanism and storage capacity and to provide a key for the use of mayenite as a portable hydrogen storage material. Further, we succeeded in introducing H− directly from OH− by a simple process compared with previous studies that used long treatment durations and required careful control of humidity and oxygen gas to form O2 species before the introduction of H−.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heidy Visbal
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura A3-120, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan
| | - Takuya Omura
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura A3-120, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan
| | - Kohji Nagashima
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura A3-120, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan
| | - Takanori Itoh
- Device Analysis Department, Nissan Arc, LTD., 1, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Tsukuru Ohwaki
- Device Analysis Department, Nissan Arc, LTD., 1, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Hideto Imai
- Device Analysis Department, Nissan Arc, LTD., 1, Natsushima-cho, Yokosuka, Kanagawa, 237-0061, Japan
| | - Toru Ishigaki
- Frontier Research Center for Applied Atomic Science, Ibaraki University, 162-1 Shirakata, Tokai, Naka, Ibaraki, 319-1106, Japan
| | - Ayaka Maeno
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Katsuaki Suzuki
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hironori Kaji
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Hirao
- Department of Materials Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura A3-120, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8530, Japan.
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Holste K, Dietz P, Scharmann S, Keil K, Henning T, Zschätzsch D, Reitemeyer M, Nauschütt B, Kiefer F, Kunze F, Zorn J, Heiliger C, Joshi N, Probst U, Thüringer R, Volkmar C, Packan D, Peterschmitt S, Brinkmann KT, Zaunick HG, Thoma MH, Kretschmer M, Leiter HJ, Schippers S, Hannemann K, Klar PJ. Ion thrusters for electric propulsion: Scientific issues developing a niche technology into a game changer. Rev Sci Instrum 2020; 91:061101. [PMID: 32611046 DOI: 10.1063/5.0010134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/18/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
The transition from old space to new space along with increasing commercialization has a major impact on space flight, in general, and on electric propulsion (EP) by ion thrusters, in particular. Ion thrusters are nowadays used as primary propulsion systems in space. This article describes how these changes related to new space affect various aspects that are important for the development of EP systems. Starting with a historical overview of the development of space flight and of the technology of EP systems, a number of important missions with EP and the underlying technologies are presented. The focus of our discussion is the technology of the radio frequency ion thruster as a prominent member of the gridded ion engine family. Based on this discussion, we give an overview of important research topics such as the search for alternative propellants, the development of reliable neutralizer concepts based on novel insert materials, as well as promising neutralizer-free propulsion concepts. In addition, aspects of thruster modeling and requirements for test facilities are discussed. Furthermore, we address aspects of space electronics with regard to the development of highly efficient electronic components as well as aspects of electromagnetic compatibility and radiation hardness. This article concludes with a presentation of the interaction of EP systems with the spacecraft.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Holste
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P Dietz
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Scharmann
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Keil
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - T Henning
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - D Zschätzsch
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Reitemeyer
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - B Nauschütt
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F Kiefer
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - F Kunze
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - J Zorn
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Heiliger
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - N Joshi
- Institute of Theoretical Physics, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - U Probst
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - R Thüringer
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | - C Volkmar
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Applied Sciences, Wiesenstr. 14, 35390 Giessen, Germany
| | | | | | - K-T Brinkmann
- Institute of Experimental Physics II, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - H-G Zaunick
- Institute of Experimental Physics II, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M H Thoma
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - M Kretschmer
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - H J Leiter
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - S Schippers
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - K Hannemann
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - P J Klar
- Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus Liebig University, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
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Tolkacheva AS, Shkerin SN, Porotnikova NM, Kuznetsov MV, Naumov SV, Telegin SV, Khodimchuk AV, Farlenkov AS, Ananyev MV. Oxygen surface exchange and diffusion in mayenite single crystal. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2019; 21:24740-24748. [DOI: 10.1039/c9cp04936c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen surface exchange and diffusion in Ca12Al14O33±δsingle crystal were studied by a uniquein situmethod based on isotope equilibration in the gas phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna S. Tolkacheva
- The Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
- Ural Federal University
- Ekaterinburg
| | - Sergey N. Shkerin
- The Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
- Ural Federal University
- Ekaterinburg
| | - Natalia M. Porotnikova
- The Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
- Ural Federal University
- Ekaterinburg
| | - Mikhail V. Kuznetsov
- Institute of Solid-State Chemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Sergey V. Naumov
- M. N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Sergey V. Telegin
- M. N. Miheev Institute of Metal Physics of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
| | - Anna V. Khodimchuk
- The Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
- Ural Federal University
- Ekaterinburg
| | - Andrey S. Farlenkov
- The Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
- Ural Federal University
- Ekaterinburg
| | - Maxim V. Ananyev
- The Institute of High-Temperature Electrochemistry of the Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences
- 620137 Ekaterinburg
- Russia
- Ural Federal University
- Ekaterinburg
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Środek D, Dulski M, Galuskina I. Raman imaging as a new approach to identification of the mayenite group minerals. Sci Rep 2018; 8:13593. [PMID: 30206244 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-018-31809-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2018] [Accepted: 08/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The mayenite group includes minerals with common formula Ca12Al14O32−x(OH)3x[W6−3x], where W = F, Cl, OH, H2O and x = 0–2. This distinction in the composition is associated with W site which may remain unoccupied or be occupied by negatively charged ions: OH−, F−, Cl−, as well as neutral molecules like H2O. However, there is no experimental approach to easily detect or differentiate mineral species within the mayenite group. Electron micro-beam facilities with energy- or wavelength-dispersive X-ray detectors, as most common tools in mineralogy, appear to be insufficient and do not provide a definite identification, especially, of hydroxylated or hydrated phases. Some solution provides typical Raman analysis ensuring identification of minerals and 3D Raman imaging as an innovative approach to distinguish various co-existing minerals of the mayenite group within a small area of the rock sample. Raman spectroscopy has also been successfully used for a determination of water type incorporated into the mineral structure as well as for a spatial distribution of phases by cluster approach analysis and/or integrated intensity analysis of bands in the hydroxyl region. In this study, Raman technique was for the first time used to reconstruct a 3D model of mayenite group mineral zonation, as well as to determine a way of water incorporation in the structure of these minerals. Moreover, for the first time, Raman data were correlated with alterations during the mineral-forming processes and used for reconstruction of the thermal history of studied rock. As a result, the influence of combustion gases has been proposed as a crucial factor responsible for the transformation between fluormayenite and fluorkyuygenite.
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Elm MT, Hofmann JD, Suchomski C, Janek J, Brezesinski T. Ionic Conductivity of Mesostructured Yttria-Stabilized Zirconia Thin Films with Cubic Pore Symmetry—On the Influence of Water on the Surface Oxygen Ion Transport. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2015; 7:11792-11801. [PMID: 25984884 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b01001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Thermally stable, ordered mesoporous thin films of 8 mol % yttria-stabilized zirconia (YSZ) were prepared by solution-phase coassembly of chloride salt precursors with an amphiphilic diblock copolymer using an evaporation-induced self-assembly process. The resulting material is of high quality and exhibits a well-defined three-dimensional network of pores averaging 24 nm in diameter after annealing at 600 °C for several hours. The wall structure is polycrystalline, with grains in the size range of 7 to 10 nm. Using impedance spectroscopy, the total electrical conductivity was measured between 200 and 500 °C under ambient atmosphere as well as in dry atmosphere for oxygen partial pressures ranging from 1 to 10(-4) bar. Similar to bulk YSZ, a constant ionic conductivity is observed over the whole oxygen partial pressure range investigated. In dry atmosphere, the sol-gel derived films have a much higher conductivity, with different activation energies for low and high temperatures. Overall, the results indicate a strong influence of the surface on the transport properties in cubic fluorite-type YSZ with high surface-to-volume ratio. A qualitative defect model which includes surface effects (annihilation of oxygen vacancies as a result of water adsorption) is proposed to explain the behavior and sensitivity of the conductivity to variations in the surrounding atmosphere.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias T Elm
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- ‡Institute of Experimental Physics I, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 16, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Jonas D Hofmann
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Christian Suchomski
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
- §Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- †Institute of Physical Chemistry, Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Giessen, Germany
| | - Torsten Brezesinski
- §Institute of Nanotechnology, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Hermann-von-Helmholtz Platz 1, 76344 Eggenstein-Leopoldshafen, Germany
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Eufinger JP, Schmidt A, Lerch M, Janek J. Novel anion conductors--conductivity, thermodynamic stability and hydration of anion-substituted mayenite-type cage compounds C12A7:X (X = O, OH, Cl, F, CN, S, N). Phys Chem Chem Phys 2015; 17:6844-57. [PMID: 25672809 DOI: 10.1039/c4cp05442c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mayenite (Ca12Al14O33) is a highly interesting functional material not only in view of its unique crystal structure as a cage compound but also for its variety of possible applications. Its ability to incorporate foreign ions into the cage structure opens the possibility to create new types of solid electrolytes and even electrides. Therefore, the conductivity of various anion substituted mayenites was measured as a function of temperature. Due to controversial reports on the stability of mayenite under specific thermodynamic conditions (dry, wet, reducing, and high temperature), a comprehensive study on the stability was performed. Mayenite is clearly not stable under dry conditions (ppm H2O < 100) at temperatures above 1050 °C, and thus, the mayenite phase vanishes from the calcium aluminate phase diagram below a minimum humidity. Two decomposition reactions were observed and are described in detail. To get further insight into the mechanism of hydration of mayenite, the conductivity was measured as a function of water vapour pressure in a range of -5 ≤ lg[pH2O/bar] ≤ -1.6 at temperatures ranging from 1000 °C ≤ θ ≤ 1200 °C. The hydration isotherms are described with high accuracy by the underlying point defect model, which is confirmed in a wide range of water vapour pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Peter Eufinger
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut, Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen, Heinrich-Buff-Ring 58, 35392 Gießen, Germany.
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Inoue Y, Kitano M, Kim SW, Yokoyama T, Hara M, Hosono H. Highly Dispersed Ru on Electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e–)4 as a Catalyst for Ammonia Synthesis. ACS Catal 2014. [DOI: 10.1021/cs401044a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yasunori Inoue
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Masaaki Kitano
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Sung-Wng Kim
- Frontier
Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Toshiharu Yokoyama
- Frontier
Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Michikazu Hara
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
| | - Hideo Hosono
- Materials and Structures Laboratory, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Materials Research Center for Element Strategy, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta, Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
- Frontier
Research Center, Tokyo Institute of Technology, 4259 Nagatsuta,
Midori-ku, Yokohama 226-8503, Japan
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Guo X, Cai X, Song J, Zhu Y, Nakanishi K, Kanamori K, Yang H. Facile synthesis of monolithic mayenite with well-defined macropores via an epoxide-mediated sol–gel process accompanied by phase separation. NEW J CHEM 2014. [DOI: 10.1039/c4nj00898g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Monolithic mayenite has been successfully prepared via a sol–gel process followed by heat-treatment, exhibiting co-continuous macroporous structure and high porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzhong Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaobo Cai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
| | - Jie Song
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Zhu
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuki Nakanishi
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Kanamori
- Department of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Kyoto University
- Sakyo-ku, Japan
| | - Hui Yang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering
- Zhejiang University
- Hangzhou, China
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Eufinger JP, Daniels M, Schmale K, Berendts S, Ulbrich G, Lerch M, Wiemhöfer HD, Janek J. The model case of an oxygen storage catalyst – non-stoichiometry, point defects and electrical conductivity of single crystalline CeO2–ZrO2–Y2O3 solid solutions. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2014; 16:25583-600. [DOI: 10.1039/c4cp03704a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Defect-chemistry of the oxygen storage compound CeO2–ZrO2–Y2O3 has been investigated with conductivity, EMF and non-stoichiometry measurements and the observed non-ideality was described by an unconventional defect-model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens-Peter Eufinger
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen
- 35392 Gießen, Germany
| | - Maximilian Daniels
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmale
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Martin Lerch
- Institut für Chemie
- TU Berlin
- 10623 Berlin, Germany
| | - Hans-Dieter Wiemhöfer
- Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität Münster
- Institut für Anorganische und Analytische Chemie
- 48149 Münster, Germany
| | - Jürgen Janek
- Physikalisch-Chemisches Institut
- Justus-Liebig-University Gießen
- 35392 Gießen, Germany
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Sun WM, Wu D, Li Y, Li ZR. Substituent Effects on the Structural Features and Nonlinear Optical Properties of the Organic Alkalide Li+(calix[4]pyrrole)Li−. Chemphyschem 2013; 14:408-16. [DOI: 10.1002/cphc.201200805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2012] [Revised: 11/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Toda Y, Kubota Y, Hirano M, Hirayama H, Hosono H. Surface of room-temperature-stable electride [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e-)4: preparation and its characterization by atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. ACS Nano 2011; 5:1907-1914. [PMID: 21361301 DOI: 10.1021/nn102839k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
The nanocage compound crystal [Ca24Al28O64]4+(e-)4 (C12A7:e-) is a room-temperature-stable electride. Although bulk C12A7:e- exhibits metallic conduction, the surface of an as-prepared sample or one prepared by mechanical fracture in ultrahigh vacuum is almost insulating and exhibits distinct non-ohmic contact. We studied whether the intrinsic surface of this electride exhibits metallic conduction or not by examining various conditions for preparing the intrinsic surface. A combination of sputtering with thermal annealing led to the emergence of metallic conductivity in a specific condition. Suitably prepared surfaces revealed ohmic contact even in an ambient atmosphere. Atomic-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images of the surfaces were consistent with a structural model in which the cage structure in the bulk C12A7:e- electride is conserved at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshitake Toda
- Frontier Research Center and Material and Structure Laboratory, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, Japan
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Malavasi L, Fisher CAJ, Islam MS. Oxide-ion and proton conducting electrolyte materials for clean energy applications: structural and mechanistic features. Chem Soc Rev 2010; 39:4370-87. [DOI: 10.1039/b915141a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 648] [Impact Index Per Article: 46.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Lerch M, Janek J, Becker KD, Berendts S, Boysen H, Bredow T, Dronskowski R, Ebbinghaus SG, Kilo M, Lumey MW, Martin M, Reimann C, Schweda E, Valov I, Wiemhöfer HD. Oxide nitrides: From oxides to solids with mobile nitrogen ions. PROG SOLID STATE CH 2009; 37:81-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progsolidstchem.2009.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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