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He L, Mu J, Gang O, Chen X. Rationally Programming Nanomaterials with DNA for Biomedical Applications. Adv Sci (Weinh) 2021; 8:2003775. [PMID: 33898180 PMCID: PMC8061415 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202003775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2020] [Revised: 11/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
DNA is not only a carrier of genetic information, but also a versatile structural tool for the engineering and self-assembling of nanostructures. In this regard, the DNA template has dramatically enhanced the scalability, programmability, and functionality of the self-assembled DNA nanostructures. These capabilities provide opportunities for a wide range of biomedical applications in biosensing, bioimaging, drug delivery, and disease therapy. In this review, the importance and advantages of DNA for programming and fabricating of DNA nanostructures are first highlighted. The recent progress in design and construction of DNA nanostructures are then summarized, including DNA conjugated nanoparticle systems, DNA-based clusters and extended organizations, and DNA origami-templated assemblies. An overview on biomedical applications of the self-assembled DNA nanostructures is provided. Finally, the conclusion and perspectives on the self-assembled DNA nanostructures are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangcan He
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
| | - Jing Mu
- Institute of Precision MedicinePeking University Shenzhen HospitalShenzhen518036China
| | - Oleg Gang
- Department of Chemical Engineering and Department of Applied Physics and Applied MathematicsColumbia UniversityNew YorkNY10027USA
- Center for Functional NanomaterialsBrookhaven National LaboratoryUptonNY11973USA
| | - Xiaoyuan Chen
- Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine and Faculty of EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
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Abstract
Traditional therapeutics and vaccines represent the bedrock of modern medicine, where isolated biochemical molecules or designed proteins have led to success in treating and preventing diseases. However, several adaptive pathogens, such as multidrug-resistant (MDR) superbugs, and rapidly evolving diseases, such as cancer, can evade such molecules very effectively. This poses an important problem since the rapid emergence of multidrug-resistance among microbes is one of the most pressing public health crises of our time-one that could claim more than 10 million lives and 100 trillion dollars annually by 2050. Several non-traditional antibiotics are now being developed that can survive in the face of adaptive drug resistance. One such versatile strategy is redox perturbation using quantum dot (QD) therapeutics. While redox molecules are nominally used by cells for intracellular signaling and other functions, specific generation of such species exogenously, using an electromagnetic stimulus (light, sound, magnetic field), can specifically kill the cells most vulnerable to such species. For example, recently QD therapeutics have shown tremendous promise by specifically generating superoxide intracellularly (using light as a trigger) to selectively eliminate a wide range of MDR pathogens. While the efficacy of such QD therapeutics was shown using in vitro studies, several apparent contradictions exist regarding QD safety and potential for clinical applications. In this review, we outline the design rules for creating specific QD therapies for redox perturbation; summarize the parameters for choosing appropriate materials, size, and capping ligands to ensure their facile clearance; and highlight a potential path forward towards developing this new class of radical QD therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Levy
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Partha P. Chowdhury
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
- Materials Science and Engineering, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80303 USA
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Weichelt R, Leubner S, Henning-Knechtel A, Mertig M, Gaponik N, Schmidt TL, Eychmüller A. Methods to Characterize the Oligonucleotide Functionalization of Quantum Dots. Small 2016; 12:4763-4771. [PMID: 27409730 DOI: 10.1002/smll.201601525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 06/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Currently, DNA nanotechnology offers the most programmable, scalable, and accurate route for the self-assembly of matter with nanometer precision into 1, 2, or 3D structures. One example is DNA origami that is well suited to serve as a molecularly defined "breadboard", and thus, to organize various nanomaterials such as nanoparticles into hybrid systems. Since the controlled assembly of quantum dots (QDs) is of high interest in the field of photonics and other optoelectronic applications, a more detailed view on the functionalization of QDs with oligonucleotides shall be achieved. In this work, four different methods are presented to characterize the functionalization of thiol-capped cadmium telluride QDs with oligonucleotides and for the precise quantification of the number of oligonucleotides bound to the QD surface. This study enables applications requiring the self-assembly of semiconductor-oligonucleotide hybrid materials and proves the conjugation success in a simple and straightforward manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Weichelt
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Susanne Leubner
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Anja Henning-Knechtel
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Michael Mertig
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
- Kurt-Schwabe-Institute e.V. Meinsberg, Kurt-Schwabe-Str. 4, 04736, Waldheim, Germany
| | - Nikolai Gaponik
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Thorsten-Lars Schmidt
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany
| | - Alexander Eychmüller
- Physical Chemistry and Center for Advancing Electronics Dresden (cfaed), Technische Universität Dresden, 01062, Dresden, Germany.
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Ma K, Yehezkeli O, Domaille DW, Funke HH, Cha JN. Enhanced Hydrogen Production from DNA-Assembled Z-Scheme TiO2-CdS Photocatalyst Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201504155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Ma K, Yehezkeli O, Domaille DW, Funke HH, Cha JN. Enhanced Hydrogen Production from DNA‐Assembled Z‐Scheme TiO
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–CdS Photocatalyst Systems. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2015; 54:11490-4. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201504155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Revised: 05/29/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ke Ma
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309‐0596 (USA)
| | - Omer Yehezkeli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309‐0596 (USA)
| | - Dylan W. Domaille
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309‐0596 (USA)
| | - Hans H. Funke
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309‐0596 (USA)
| | - Jennifer N. Cha
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309‐0596 (USA)
- Materials Science and Engineering Program, University of Colorado (USA)
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Abstract
Quantum dots (QDs) are semiconductor nanocrystallites with multiple size-dependent quantum-confined states that are being explored for utilizing broadband radiation. While DNA has been used for the self-assembly of nanocrystals, it has not been investigated for the formation of simultaneous conduction pathways for transporting multiple energy charges or excitons. These exciton shelves can be formed by coupling the conduction band, valence band, and hot-carrier states in QDs with different HOMO-LUMO levels of DNA nucleobases, resulting from varying degrees of conjugation in the nucleobases. Here we present studies on the electronic density of states in four naturally occurring nucleobases (guanine, thymine, cytosine, and adenine), which energetically couple to quantized states in semiconductor QDs. Using scanning tunneling spectroscopy of single nanoparticle-DNA constructs, we demonstrate composite DOS of chemically coupled DNA oligonucleotides and cadmium chalcogenide QDs (CdS, CdSe, CdTe). While perfectly aligned CdTe QD-DNA states lead to exciton shelves for multiple energy charge transport, mismatched energy levels in CdSe QD-DNA introduce intrabandgap states that can lead to charge trapping and recombination. Although further investigations are required to study the rates of charge transfer, recombination, and back-electron transfer, these results can have important implications for the development of a new class of nanobioelectronics and biological transducers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anushree Chatterjee
- §Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 2445 Kittredge Loop Road, Suite 208, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
| | - Prashant Nagpal
- §Renewable and Sustainable Energy Institute, University of Colorado, Boulder, 2445 Kittredge Loop Road, Suite 208, Boulder, Colorado 80309, United States
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