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Prasher P, Sharma M, Agarwal V, Singh SK, Gupta G, Dureja H, Dua K. Cationic cycloamylose based nucleic acid nanocarriers. Chem Biol Interact 2024; 395:111000. [PMID: 38614318 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2024.111000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
Nucleic acid delivery by viral and non-viral methods has been a cornerstone for the contemporary gene therapy aimed at correcting the defective genes, replacing of the missing genes, or downregulating the expression of anomalous genes is highly desirable for the management of various diseases. Ostensibly, it becomes paramount for the delivery vectors to intersect the biological barriers for accessing their destined site within the cellular environment. However, the lipophilic nature of biological membranes and their potential to limit the entry of large sized, charged, hydrophilic molecules thus presenting a sizeable challenge for the cellular integration of negatively charged nucleic acids. Furthermore, the susceptibility of nucleic acids towards the degrading enzymes (nucleases) in the lysosomes present in cytoplasm is another matter of concern for their cellular and nuclear delivery. Hence, there is a pressing need for the identification and development of cationic delivery systems which encapsulate the cargo nucleic acids where the charge facilitates their cellular entry by evading the membrane barriers, and the encapsulation shields them from the enzymatic attack in cytoplasm. Cycloamylose bearing a closed loop conformation presents a robust candidature in this regard owing to its remarkable encapsulating tendency towards nucleic acids including siRNA, CpG DNA, and siRNA. The presence of numerous hydroxyl groups on the cycloamylose periphery provides sites for its chemical modification for the introduction of cationic groups, including spermine, (3-Chloro-2 hydroxypropyl) trimethylammonium chloride (Q188), and diethyl aminoethane (DEAE). The resulting cationic cycloamylose possesses a remarkable transfection efficiency and provides stability to cargo oligonucleotides against endonucleases, in addition to modulating the undesirable side effects such as unwanted immune stimulation. Cycloamylose is known to interact with the cell membranes where they release certain membrane components such as phospholipids and cholesterol thereby resulting in membrane destabilization and permeabilization. Furthermore, cycloamylose derivatives also serve as formulation excipients for improving the efficiency of other gene delivery systems. This review delves into the various vector and non-vector-based gene delivery systems, their advantages, and limitations, eventually leading to the identification of cycloamylose as an ideal candidate for nucleic acid delivery. The synthesis of cationic cycloamylose is briefly discussed in each section followed by its application for specific delivery/transfection of a particular nucleic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parteek Prasher
- Department of Chemistry, University of Petroleum & Energy Studies, Energy Acres, Dehradun, 248007, India.
| | - Mousmee Sharma
- Department of Chemistry, Uttaranchal University, Dehradun, 248007, India
| | - Vipul Agarwal
- Cluster for Advanced Macromolecular Design (CAMD), School of Chemical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Sachin Kumar Singh
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144411, India; Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; School of Medical and Life Sciences, Sunway University, 47500 Sunway City, Malaysia
| | - Gaurav Gupta
- School of Pharmacy, Graphic Era Hill University, Dehradun, 248007, India; Centre of Medical and Bio-allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman 346, United Arab Emirates
| | - Harish Dureja
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Maharishi Dayanand University, Rohtak, 124001, India
| | - Kamal Dua
- Faculty of Health, Australian Research Center in Complementary and Integrative Medicine, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia; Discipline of Pharmacy, Graduate School of Health, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, 2007, Australia.
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Ngawiset S, Ismail A, Murakami S, Pongsawasdi P, Rungrotmongkol T, Krusong K. Identification of crucial amino acid residues involved in large ring cyclodextrin synthesis by amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2023; 21:899-909. [PMID: 36698977 PMCID: PMC9860158 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2023.01.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylomaltase can be used to synthesize large ring cyclodextrins (LR-CDs), applied as drug solubilizer, gene delivery vehicle and protein aggregation suppressor. This study aims to determine the functional amino acid positions of Corynebacterium glutamicum amylomaltase (CgAM) involved in LR-CD synthesis by site-directed mutagenesis approach and molecular dynamic simulation. Mutants named Δ167, Y23A, P228Y, E231Y, A413F and G417F were constructed, purified, and characterized. The truncated CgAM, Δ167 exhibited no starch transglycosylation activity, indicating that the N-terminal domain of CgAM is necessary for enzyme activity. The P228Y, A413F and G417F produced larger LR-CDs from CD36-CD40 as compared to CD29 by WT. A413F and G417F mutants produced significantly low LR-CD yield compared to the WT. The A413F mutation affected all tested enzyme activities (starch tranglycosylation, disproportionation and cyclization), while the G417F mutation hindered the cyclization activity. P228Y mutation significantly lowered the k cat of disproportionation activity, while E231Y mutant exhibited much higher k cat and K m values for starch transglycosylation, compared to that of the WT. In addition, Y23A mutation affected the kinetic parameters of starch transglycosylation and cyclization. Molecular dynamic simulation further confirmed these mutations' impacts on the CgAM and LR-CD interactions. Identified functional amino acids for LR-CD synthesis may serve as a model for future modification to improve the properties and yield of LR-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sirikul Ngawiset
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Abbas Ismail
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Shuichiro Murakami
- Department of Agricultural Chemistry, School of Agriculture, Meiji University, Kawasaki-shi, Kanagawa 214–8571, Japan
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Thanyada Rungrotmongkol
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,Program in Bioinformatics and Computational Chemistry, Graduate School, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand
| | - Kuakarun Krusong
- Center of Excellence in Structural and Computational Biology, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok 10330, Thailand,Corresponding author.
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Abstract
Recent years have witnessed increasingly rapid advances in nanocarrier-based biomedicine aimed at improving treatment paradigms for cancer. Nanogels serve as multipurpose and constructed vectors formed via intramolecular cross-linking to generate drug delivery systems, which is attributed predominantly to their satisfactory biocompatibility, bio-responsiveness, high stability, and low toxicity. Recently, immunotherapy has experienced unprecedented growth and has become the preferred strategy for cancer treatment, and mainly involves the mobilisation of the immune system and an enhanced anti-tumour immunity of the tumour microenvironment. Despite the inspiring success, immunotherapeutic strategies are limited due to the low response rates and immune-related adverse events. Like other nanomedicines, nanogels are comparably limited by lower focal enrichment rates upon introduction into the organism via injection. Because nanogels are three-dimensional cross-linked aqueous materials that exhibit similar properties to natural tissues and are structurally stable, they can comfortably cope with shear forces and serum proteins in the bloodstream, and the longer circulation life increases the chance of nanogel accumulation in the tumour, conferring deep tumour penetration. The large specific surface area can reduce or eliminate off-target effects by introducing stimuli-responsive functional groups, allowing multiple physical and chemical modifications for specific purposes to improve targeting to specific immune cell subpopulations or immune organs, increasing the bioavailability of the drug, and conferring a low immune-related adverse events on nanogel therapies. The slow release upon reaching the tumour site facilitates long-term awakening of the host's immune system, ultimately achieving enhanced therapeutic effects. As an effective candidate for cancer immunotherapy, nanogel-based immunotherapy has been widely used. In this review, we mainly summarize the recent advances of nanogel-based immunotherapy to deliver immunomodulatory small molecule drugs, antibodies, genes and cytokines, to target antigen presenting cells, form cancer vaccines, and enable chimeric antigen receptor (CAR)-T cell therapy. Future challenges as well as expected and feasible prospects for clinical treatment are also highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianbin Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Shu-Jin Li
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Yuantong Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Tian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Peng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Yuejun Kang
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
| | - Zhi-Jun Sun
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology (Hubei-MOST) and Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine, Ministry of Education, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Zhigang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Silkworm Genome Biology, School of Materials and Energy & Chongqing Key Laboratory of Soft-Matter Material Chemistry and Function Manufacturing, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China.
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Krusong K, Ismail A, Wangpaiboon K, Pongsawasdi P. Production of Large-Ring Cyclodextrins by Amylomaltases. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27041446. [PMID: 35209232 PMCID: PMC8875642 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27041446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2022] [Revised: 02/10/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Amylomaltase is a well-known glucan transferase that can produce large ring cyclodextrins (LR-CDs) or so-called cycloamyloses via cyclization reaction. Amylomaltases have been found in several microorganisms and their optimum temperatures are generally around 60–70 °C for thermostable amylomaltases and 30–45 °C for the enzymes from mesophilic bacteria and plants. The optimum pHs for mesophilic amylomaltases are around pH 6.0–7.0, while the thermostable amylomaltases are generally active at more acidic conditions. Size of LR-CDs depends on the source of amylomaltases and the reaction conditions including pH, temperature, incubation time, and substrate. For example, in the case of amylomaltase from Corynebacterium glutamicum, LR-CD productions at alkaline pH or at a long incubation time favored products with a low degree of polymerization. In this review, we explore the synthesis of LR-CDs by amylomaltases, structural information of amylomaltases, as well as current applications of LR-CDs and amylomaltases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuakarun Krusong
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.I.); (K.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: + 66-(0)2-218-5413
| | - Abbas Ismail
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Karan Wangpaiboon
- Structural and Computational Biology Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand; (A.I.); (K.W.)
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Starch and Cyclodextrin Research Unit, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Phyathai Rd., Patumwan, Bangkok 10330, Thailand;
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Nakapong S, Tumhom S, Kaulpiboon J, Pongsawasdi P. Heterologous expression of 4α-glucanotransferase: overproduction and properties for industrial applications. World J Microbiol Biotechnol 2022; 38:36. [PMID: 34993677 DOI: 10.1007/s11274-021-03220-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
4α-Glucanotransferase (4α-GTase) is unique in its ability to form cyclic oligosaccharides, some of which are of industrial importance. Generally, low amount of enzymes is produced by or isolated from their natural sources: animals, plants, and microorganisms. Heterologous expressions of these enzymes, in an attempt to increase their production for applicable uses, have been widely studied since 1980s; however, the expressions are mostly performed in the prokaryotic bacteria, mostly Escherichia coli. Site-directed mutagenesis has added more value to these expressed enzymes to display the desired properties beneficial for their applications. The search for further suitable properties for food application leads to an extended research in expression by another group of host organism, the generally-recognized as safe host including the Bacillus and the eukaryotic yeast systems. Herein, our review focuses on two types of 4α-GTase: the cyclodextrin glycosyltransferase and amylomaltase. The updated studies on the general structure and properties of the two enzymes with emphasis on heterologous expression, mutagenesis for property improvement, and their industrial applications are provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santhana Nakapong
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Ramkhamhaeng University, Bangkok, 10240, Thailand
| | - Suthipapun Tumhom
- Office of National Higher Education Science Research and Innovation Policy Council, Ministry of Higher Education Science Research and Innovation, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand
| | - Jarunee Kaulpiboon
- Division of Biochemistry, Department of Preclinical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Thammasat University, Pathumthani, 12120, Thailand.
| | - Piamsook Pongsawasdi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, 10330, Thailand.
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Leoni C, Gattulli BAR, Pesole G, Ceci LR, Volpicella M. Amylomaltases in Extremophilic Microorganisms. Biomolecules 2021; 11:biom11091335. [PMID: 34572549 PMCID: PMC8465469 DOI: 10.3390/biom11091335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 09/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Amylomaltases (4-α-glucanotransferases, E.C. 2.4.1.25) are enzymes which can perform a double-step catalytic process, resulting in a transglycosylation reaction. They hydrolyse glucosidic bonds of α-1,4'-d-glucans and transfer the glucan portion with the newly available anomeric carbon to the 4'-position of an α-1,4'-d-glucan acceptor. The intramolecular reaction produces a cyclic α-1,4'-glucan. Amylomaltases can be found only in prokaryotes, where they are involved in glycogen degradation and maltose metabolism. These enzymes are being studied for possible biotechnological applications, such as the production of (i) sugar substitutes; (ii) cycloamyloses (molecules larger than cyclodextrins), which could potentially be useful as carriers and encapsulating agents for hydrophobic molecules and also as effective protein chaperons; and (iii) thermoreversible starch gels, which could be used as non-animal gelatin substitutes. Extremophilic prokaryotes have been investigated for the identification of amylomaltases to be used in the starch modifying processes, which require high temperatures or extreme conditions. The aim of this article is to present an updated overview of studies on amylomaltases from extremophilic Bacteria and Archaea, including data about their distribution, activity, potential industrial application and structure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Leoni
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Bruno A. R. Gattulli
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Graziano Pesole
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Luigi R. Ceci
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
- Correspondence: (L.R.C.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-080-544-3311 (L.R.C. & M.V.)
| | - Mariateresa Volpicella
- Institute of Biomembranes, Bioenergetics and Molecular Biotechnologies, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche, Via Amendola, 70126 Bari, Italy; (C.L.); (B.A.R.G.); (G.P.)
- Department of Biosciences, Biotechnologies and Biopharmaceutics, University of Bari Aldo Moro, Via Amendola 165/A, 70126 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence: (L.R.C.); (M.V.); Tel.: +39-080-544-3311 (L.R.C. & M.V.)
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Abstract
Most vaccines developed today include only the antigens that best stimulate the immune system rather than the entire virus or microbe, which makes vaccine production and use safer and easier, though they lack potency to induce acceptable immunity and long-term protection. The incorporation of additional immune stimulating components, named adjuvants, is required to generate a strong protective immune response. Nucleic acids (DNA and RNA) and their synthetic analogs are promising candidates as vaccine adjuvants activating Toll-like receptors (TLRs). Additionally, in the last few years several nanocarriers have emerged as platforms for targeted co-delivery of antigens and adjuvants. In this review, we focus on the recent developments in polymer nanomaterials presenting nucleic acids as vaccine adjuvants. We aim to compare the effectiveness of the various classes of polymers in immune modulating materials (nanoparticles, dendrimers, single-chain particles, nanogels, polymersomes and DNA-based architectures). In particular, we address the critical role of parameters such as size, shape, complexation and release of TLR ligands, cellular uptake, stability, toxicity and potential importance of spatial control in ligand presentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Comberlato
- IMX/IBI, EPFL, EPFL-STI-IMX-PBL MXC 340 Station 12, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Kaltrina Paloja
- IMX/IBI, EPFL, EPFL-STI-IMX-PBL MXC 340 Station 12, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
| | - Maartje M C Bastings
- IMX/IBI, EPFL, EPFL-STI-IMX-PBL MXC 340 Station 12, Lausanne, 1015, Switzerland.
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Zhang T, Yang R, Yang S, Guan J, Zhang D, Ma Y, Liu H. Research progress of self-assembled nanogel and hybrid hydrogel systems based on pullulan derivatives. Drug Deliv 2018; 25:278-292. [PMID: 29334800 PMCID: PMC6058595 DOI: 10.1080/10717544.2018.1425776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Revised: 01/02/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer nano-sized hydrogels (nanogels) as drug delivery carriers have been investigated over the last few decades. Pullulan, a nontoxic and nonimmunogenic hydrophilic polysaccharide derived from fermentation of black yeast like Aureobasidium pullulans with great biocompatibility and biodegradability, is one of the most attractive carriers for drug delivery systems. In this review, we describe the preparation, characterization, and 'switch-on/off' mechanism of typical pullulan self-assembled nanogels (self-nanogels), and then introduce the development of hybrid hydrogels that are numerous resources applied for regenerative medicine. A major section is used for biomedical applications of different nanogel systems based on modified pullulan, which exert smart stimuli-responses at ambient conditions such as charge, pH, temperature, light, and redox. Pullulan self-nanogels have found increasingly extensive application in protein delivery, tissue engineering, vaccine development, cancer therapy, and biological imaging. Functional groups are incorporated into self-nanogels and contribute to expressing desirable results such as targeting and modified release. Various molecules, especially insoluble or unstable drugs and encapsulated proteins, present improved solubility and bioavailability as well as reduced side effects when incorporated into self-nanogels. Finally, the advantages and disadvantages of pullulan self-nanogels will be analyzed accordingly, and the development of pullulan nanogel systems will be reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ruyi Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Shengnan Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jibin Guan
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Dong Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yan Ma
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hongzhuo Liu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Li W, Luo L, Huang J, Wang Q, Liu J, Xiao X, Fang H, Yang X, Wang K. Self-assembled DNA nanocentipedes as multivalent vehicles for enhanced delivery of CpG oligonucleotides. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:5565-5568. [PMID: 28475186 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc01128h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
We report self-assembled nanocentipedes as multivalent vehicles for the delivery of immunostimulatory CpG ODNs. The multivalent vehicles could be internalized by RAW264.7 cells and stimulate the secretion of large amounts of cytokines, successively inducing effective apoptosis of cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenshan Li
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Key Laboratory for Bio-Nanotechnology and Molecular Engineering of Hunan Province, Hunan University, Changsha 410082, China.
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Yoon SH, Oh YK, Kim YR, Park J, Han SI, Kim YW. Complex formation of a 4-α-glucanotransferase using starch as a biocatalyst for starch modification. Food Sci Biotechnol 2017; 26:1659-1666. [PMID: 30263703 DOI: 10.1007/s10068-017-0203-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2017] [Revised: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
A 4-α-glucanotransferases from Thermus thermophilus (TTαGT) possesses an extra substrate binding site, leading to facile purification of the intact enzyme using amylose as an insoluble binding matrix. Due to the cost of amylose and low recovery yield, starch was replaced for amylose as an alternative capturer in this study. Using gelatinized corn starch at pH 9 with 36-h incubation in the presence of 1 M ammonium sulfate increased the TTαGT-starch complex formation yield from 2 to 56%. In preparative-scale production, TTαGT produced in Bacillus subtilis was recovered by 42.1% with the same specific activity as that of purified TTαGT. Structural and rheological analyses of the enzymatically modified starches revealed that the starch complex exhibited catalytic performance comparable to soluble TTαGT, suggesting that the starch complex can be used as a biocatalyst for modified starch production without elution of the enzyme from the complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hee Yoon
- 1Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Korea
| | - You-Kyung Oh
- 1Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Korea
| | - Yong-Ro Kim
- 2Department of Biosystems and Biomaterials Science and Engineering, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyoung Park
- 3Department of Central Area Crop Science, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Suwon, Gyeonggi 16613 Korea
| | - Sang-Ick Han
- 4Department of Functional Crop, Functional Crop Resource Development Division, National Institute of Crop Science, Rural Development Administration, Miryang, Gyeongnam 50424 Korea
| | - Young-Wan Kim
- 1Department of Food and Biotechnology, Korea University, Sejong, 30019 Korea
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Nishimura T, Yamada A, Umezaki K, Sawada SI, Mukai SA, Sasaki Y, Akiyoshi K. Self-Assembled Polypeptide Nanogels with Enzymatically Transformable Surface as a Small Interfering RNA Delivery Platform. Biomacromolecules 2017; 18:3913-3923. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.7b00937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Akina Yamada
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kaori Umezaki
- ERATO
Bio-nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sawada
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Sada-atsu Mukai
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Sasaki
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department
of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
- ERATO
Bio-nanotransporter Project, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kyoto University, Katsura,
Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8530, Japan
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Nishimura T, Akiyoshi K. Amylose engineering: phosphorylase-catalyzed polymerization of functional saccharide primers for glycobiomaterials. Wiley Interdiscip Rev Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017; 9:e1423. [PMID: 27506150 PMCID: PMC5333464 DOI: 10.1002/wnan.1423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Revised: 06/26/2016] [Accepted: 07/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Interest in amylose and its hybrids has grown over many decades, and a great deal of work has been devoted to developing methods for designing functional amylose hybrids. In this context, phosphorylase-catalyzed polymerization shows considerable promise as a tool for preparing diverse amylose hybrids. Recently, advances have been made in the chemoenzymatic synthesis and characterization of amylose-block-polymers, amylose-graft-polymers, amylose-modified surfaces, hetero-oligosaccharides, and cellodextrin hybrids. Many of these saccharides provide clear opportunities for advances in biomaterials because of their biocompatibility and biodegradability. Important developments in bioapplications of amylose hybrids have also been made, and such newly developed amylose hybrids will help promote the development of new generations of glyco materials. WIREs Nanomed Nanobiotechnol 2017, 9:e1423. doi: 10.1002/wnan.1423 For further resources related to this article, please visit the WIREs website.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- JST-ERATO Akiyoshi Bionanotransporter ProjectKyotoJapan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of EngineeringKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
- JST-ERATO Akiyoshi Bionanotransporter ProjectKyotoJapan
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Tahara Y, Akiyoshi K. Current advances in self-assembled nanogel delivery systems for immunotherapy. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2015; 95:65-76. [PMID: 26482187 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 92] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Revised: 09/17/2015] [Accepted: 10/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Since nanogels (nanometer-sized gels) were developed two decades ago, they were utilized as carriers of innovative drug delivery systems. In particular, immunological drug delivery via self-assembled nanogels (self-nanogels) owing to their nanometer size and molecular chaperon-like ability to encapsulate large biomolecules is one of the most well studied and successful applications of nanogels. In the present review, we focus on self-nanogel applications as immunological drug delivery systems for cancer vaccines, cytokine delivery, nasal vaccines, and nucleic acid delivery, including several clinical trials. Cancer vaccines were the first practical application of self-nanogels as vehicles for drug delivery. After successful pre-clinical studies, phase I clinical trials were conducted, and it was found that vaccines consisting of self-nanogels could be administered repeatedly to humans without serious adverse effects, and self-nanogel vaccines induced antigen-specific cellular and humoral immunity. Cytokine delivery via self-nanogels led to the sustained release of IL-12, suppressed tumor growth, and increased Th1-type immune responses. Cationic self-nanogels were effective in penetrating the nasal mucosa and resulted in successful nasal vaccines in mice and nonhuman primates. Cationic self-nanogels were also used for the intracellular delivery of proteins and nucleic acids, and were successfully used to knockdown tumor growth factor expression using short interfering RNA with the immunological effect. These studies suggest that self-nanogels are currently one of the most unique and attractive immunological drug delivery systems and are edging closer to practical use.
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Abstract
A pseudo-eukaryotic nucleus (PEN) system consisting of a gene-containing DNA hydrogel encapsulated in a liposome is fabricated. Owing to the structural characteristics of gene-containing DNA hydrogel, mRNA transcription efficiency is promoted 2.57-fold. Through the use of PEN as a platform for mRNA delivery to the cytosol, prolonged protein translation is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seung Won Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung Soo Park
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jung Shin
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
| | - Soong Ho Um
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
- SKKU Advanced Institute of Nanotechnology (SAINT), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 440-746, Republic of Korea
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Nishimura T, Umezaki K, Mukai SA, Sawada SI, Akiyoshi K. Amylose-Based Cationic Star Polymers for siRNA Delivery. Biomed Res Int 2015; 2015:962941. [PMID: 26539548 PMCID: PMC4619918 DOI: 10.1155/2015/962941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/05/2015] [Accepted: 08/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
A new siRNA delivery system using a cationic glyco-star polymer is described. Spermine-modified 8-arm amylose star polymer (with a degree of polymerization of approximately 60 per arm) was synthesized by chemoenzymatic methods. The cationic star polymer effectively bound to siRNA and formed spherical complexes with an average hydrodynamic diameter of 230 nm. The cationic 8-arm star polymer complexes showed superior cellular uptake characteristics and higher gene silencing effects than a cationic 1-arm polymer. These results suggest that amylose-based star polymers are a promising nanoplatform for glycobiomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoki Nishimura
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
- ERATO Akiyoshi Bio-Nanotransporter Project, JST, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
| | - Kaori Umezaki
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
- ERATO Akiyoshi Bio-Nanotransporter Project, JST, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
| | - Sada-atsu Mukai
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
- ERATO Akiyoshi Bio-Nanotransporter Project, JST, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
| | - Shin-ichi Sawada
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
- ERATO Akiyoshi Bio-Nanotransporter Project, JST, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
| | - Kazunari Akiyoshi
- Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
- ERATO Akiyoshi Bio-Nanotransporter Project, JST, Katsura, Nishikyo, Kyoto 615-8150, Japan
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