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Alvarez J, Saudino G, Musteata V, Madhavan P, Genovese A, Behzad AR, Sougrat R, Boi C, Peinemann KV, Nunes SP. 3D Analysis of Ordered Porous Polymeric Particles using Complementary Electron Microscopy Methods. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13987. [PMID: 31562349 PMCID: PMC6764970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50338-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Highly porous particles with internal triply periodic minimal surfaces were investigated for sorption of proteins. The visualization of the complex ordered morphology requires complementary advanced methods of electron microscopy for 3D imaging, instead of a simple 2D projection: transmission electron microscopy (TEM) tomography, slice-and-view focused ion beam (FIB) and serial block face (SBF) scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The capability of each method of 3D image reconstruction was demonstrated and their potential of application to other synthetic polymeric systems was discussed. TEM has high resolution for details even smaller than 1 nm, but the imaged volume is relatively restricted (2.5 μm)3. The samples are pre-sliced in an ultramicrotome. FIB and SBF are coupled to a SEM. The sample sectioning is done in situ, respectively by an ion beam or an ultramicrotome, SBF, a method so far mostly applied only to biological systems, was particularly highly informative to reproduce the ordered morphology of block copolymer particles with 32–54 nm nanopores and sampling volume (20 μm)3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Alvarez
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Giovanni Saudino
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.,Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Valentina Musteata
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Poornima Madhavan
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Alessandro Genovese
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ali Reza Behzad
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Rachid Sougrat
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Core Labs, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Cristiana Boi
- Alma Mater Studiorum-Università di Bologna, via Terracini 28, 40131, Bologna, Italy
| | - Klaus-Viktor Peinemann
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Physical Science and Engineering Division (PSE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suzana P Nunes
- King Abdullah University of Science and Technology (KAUST), Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering Division (BESE), Advanced Membranes and Porous Materials Center, 23955-6900, Thuwal, Saudi Arabia.
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Abstract
Developing bioinspired artificial water channels may lead to the next-generation filtration membranes with ultra-high pore density and exclusive water permeability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Gong
- Department of Chemistry
- University at Buffalo
- The State University of New York
- Buffalo
- USA
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