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Sedov V, Martyanov A, Popovich A, Savin S, Sovyk D, Tiazhelov I, Pasternak D, Mandal S, Ralchenko V. Microporous poly- and monocrystalline diamond films produced from chemical vapor deposited diamond-germanium composites. Nanoscale Adv 2023; 5:1307-1315. [PMID: 36866268 PMCID: PMC9972548 DOI: 10.1039/d2na00688j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
We report on a novel method for porous diamond fabrication, which is based on the synthesis of diamond-germanium composite films followed by etching of the Ge component. The composites were grown by microwave plasma assisted CVD in CH4-H2-GeH4 mixtures on (100) silicon, and microcrystalline- and single-crystal diamond substrates. The structure and the phase composition of the films before and after etching were analyzed with scanning electron microscopy and Raman spectroscopy. The films revealed a bright emission of GeV color centers due to diamond doping with Ge, as evidenced by photoluminescence spectroscopy. The possible applications of the porous diamond films include thermal management, surfaces with superhydrophobic properties, chromatography, supercapacitors, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vadim Sedov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Artem Martyanov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Alexey Popovich
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
- Kotel'nikov Institute of Radio Engineering and Electronics RAS Fryazino 141120 Russia
| | - Sergey Savin
- MIREA - Russian Technological University Moscow 119454 Russia
| | - Dmitry Sovyk
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Ivan Tiazhelov
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Dmitrii Pasternak
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
| | - Soumen Mandal
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Cardiff University CF24 3AA Cardiff UK
| | - Victor Ralchenko
- Prokhorov General Physics Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences Moscow 119991 Russia
- Harbin Institute of Technology Harbin 150001 P. R. China
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de Abreu JC, Nery JP, Giantomassi M, Gonze X, Verstraete MJ. Spectroscopic signatures of nonpolarons: the case of diamond. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:12580-12591. [PMID: 35579374 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp01012g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Polarons are quasi-particles made from electrons interacting with vibrations in crystal lattices. They derive their name from the strong electron-vibration polar interactions in ionic systems, that induce spectroscopic and optical signatures of such quasi-particles. In this paper, we focus on diamond, a non-polar crystal with inversion symmetry which nevertheless shows interesting signatures stemming from electron-vibration interactions, better denoted "nonpolaron" signatures in this case. The (non)polaronic effects are produced by short-range crystal fields, while long-range quadrupoles only have a small influence. The corresponding many-body spectral function has a characteristic energy dependence, showing a plateau structure that is similar to but distinct from the satellites observed in the polar Fröhlich case. We determine the temperature-dependent spectral function of diamond by two methods: the standard Dyson-Migdal approach, which calculates electron-phonon interactions within the lowest-order expansion of the self-energy, and the cumulant expansion, which includes higher orders of electron-phonon interactions. The latter corrects the nonpolaron energies and broadening, providing a more realistic spectral function, which we examine in detail for both conduction and valence band edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao C de Abreu
- nanomat/Q-MAT/CESAM and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Université de Liège, B-4000, Belgium.
| | - Jean Paul Nery
- Dipartimento di Fisica, Università di Roma La Sapienza, I-00185 Roma, Italy
| | - Matteo Giantomassi
- UCLouvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium
| | - Xavier Gonze
- UCLouvain, Institute of Condensed Matter and Nanosciences (IMCN), Chemin des Étoiles 8, B-1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium.,Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology, Moscow, Russia
| | - Matthieu J Verstraete
- nanomat/Q-MAT/CESAM and European Theoretical Spectroscopy Facility, Université de Liège, B-4000, Belgium.
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Sharma DK, Girão AV, Chapon P, Neto MA, Oliveira FJ, Silva RF. Advances in RF Glow Discharge Optical Emission Spectrometry Characterization of Intrinsic and Boron-Doped Diamond Coatings. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2022; 14:7405-7416. [PMID: 35077132 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c20785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate determination of the effective doping range within diamond thin films is important for fine-tuning of electrical conductivity. Nevertheless, it is not easily attainable by the commonly adopted techniques. In this work, pulsed RF glow discharge optical emission spectrometry (GD-OES) combined with ultrafast sputtering (UFS) is applied for the first time to acquire elemental depth profiles of intrinsic diamond coatings and boron content bulk distribution in films. The GD-OES practical advances presented here enabled quick elemental profiling with noteworthy depth resolution and determination of the film interfaces. The erosion rates and layer thicknesses were measured using differential interferometric profiling (DIP), demonstrating a close correlation between the coating thickness and the carbon/hydrogen gas ratio. Moreover, DIP and the adopted semiquantification methodology revealed a nonhomogeneous bulk distribution of boron within the diamond crystalline structure, i.e., boron doping is both substitutional and interstitial within the diamond framework. DIP measurements also showed that effective boron doping is not linearly correlated to the increasing content introduced into the diamond coating. This is a finding well supported by X-ray diffraction (XRD) Rietveld refinement and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). This work demonstrates the advantage of applying advanced GD-OES operation modes due to its ease of use, affordability, accuracy, and high-speed depth profile analysis capability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhananjay K Sharma
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
- Institute of Physics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Cukrovarnicka 10, 16200 Prague, Czech Republic
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Technická 2, 166 27 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Ana V Girão
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Miguel A Neto
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Filipe J Oliveira
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Rui F Silva
- CICECO, Department of Materials and Ceramic Engineering, University of Aveiro, 3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Sethy SK, Ficek M, Sankaran KJ, Sain S, Tripathy AR, Gupta S, Ryl J, Sinha Roy S, Tai NH, Bogdanowicz R. Nitrogen-Incorporated Boron-Doped Nanocrystalline Diamond Nanowires for Microplasma Illumination. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2021; 13:55687-55699. [PMID: 34781675 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.1c16507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The origin of nitrogen-incorporated boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (NB-NCD) nanowires as a function of substrate temperature (Ts) in H2/CH4/B2H6/N2 reactant gases is systematically addressed. Because of Ts, there is a drastic modification in the dimensional structure and microstructure and hence in the several properties of the NB-NCD films. The NB-NCD films grown at low Ts (400 °C) contain faceted diamond grains. The morphology changes to nanosized diamond grains for NB-NCD films grown at 550 °C (or 700 °C). Interestingly, the NB-NCD films grown at 850 °C possess one-dimensional nanowire-like morphological grains. These nanowire-like NB-NCD films possess the co-existence of the sp3-diamond phase and the sp2-graphitic phase, where diamond nanowires are surrounded by sp2-graphitic phases at grain boundaries. The optical emission spectroscopy studies stated that the CN, BH, and C2 species in the plasma are the main factors for the origin of nanowire-like conducting diamond grains and the materialization of graphitic phases at the grain boundaries. Moreover, conductive atomic force microscopy studies reveal that the NB-NCD films grown at 850 °C show a large number of emission sites from the grains and the grain boundaries. While boron doping improved the electrical conductivity of the NCD grains, the nitrogen incorporation eased the generation of graphitic phases at the grain boundaries that afford conducting channels for the electrons, thus achieving a high electrical conductivity for the NB-NCD films grown at 850 °C. The microplasma devices using these nanowire-like NB-NCD films as cathodes display superior plasma illumination properties with a threshold field of 3300 V/μm and plasma current density of 1.04 mA/cm2 with a supplied voltage of 520 V and a lifetime stability of 520 min. The outstanding plasma illumination characteristics of these conducting nanowire-like NB-NCD films make them appropriate as cathodes and pave the way for the utilization of these materials in various microplasma device applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salila Kumar Sethy
- CSIR-Institute of Minerals and Materials Technology, Bhubaneswar 751013, India
| | - Mateusz Ficek
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | | | - Sourav Sain
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Anupam Ruturaj Tripathy
- Institute of NanoEngineering and MicroSystems, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Shivam Gupta
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jacek Ryl
- Department of Electrochemistry, Corrosion and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Chemistry, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Susanta Sinha Roy
- Department of Physics, School of Natural Sciences, Shiv Nadar University, Gautam Buddha Nagar, Uttar Pradesh 201314, India
| | - Nyan-Hwa Tai
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Robert Bogdanowicz
- Department of Metrology and Optoelectronics, Faculty of Electronics, Telecommunications and Informatics, Gdansk University of Technology, 80-233 Gdansk, Poland
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