1
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Uvyn A, Vleugels MEJ, de Waal B, Hamouda AEI, Dhiman S, Louage B, Albertazzi L, Laoui D, Meijer EW, De Geest BG. Hapten/Myristoyl Functionalized Poly(propyleneimine) Dendrimers as Potent Cell Surface Recruiters of Antibodies for Mediating Innate Immune Killing. Adv Mater 2023; 35:e2303909. [PMID: 37572294 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202303909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023]
Abstract
Recruiting endogenous antibodies to the surface of cancer cells using antibody-recruiting molecules has the potential to unleash innate immune effector killing mechanisms against antibody-bound cancer cells. The affinity of endogenous antibodies is relatively low, and many currently explored antibody-recruiting strategies rely on targeting over-expressed receptors, which have not yet been identified in most solid tumors. Here, both challenges are addressed by functionalizing poly(propyleneimine) (PPI) dendrimers with both multiple dinitrophenyl (DNP) motifs, as anti-hapten antibody-recruiting motifs, and myristoyl motifs, as universal phospholipid cell membrane anchoring motifs, to recruit anti-hapten antibodies to cell surfaces. By exploiting the multivalency of the ligand exposure on the dendrimer scaffold, it is demonstrated that dendrimers featuring ten myristoyl and six DNP motifs exhibit the highest antibody-recruiting capacity in vitro. Furthermore, it is shown that treating cancer cells with these dendrimers in vitro marks them for phagocytosis by macrophages in the presence of anti-hapten antibodies. As a proof-of-concept, it is shown that intratumoral injection of these dendrimers in vivo in tumor-bearing mice results in the recruitment of anti-DNP antibodies to the cell surface in the tumor microenvironment. These findings highlight the potential of dendrimers as a promising class of novel antibody-recruiting molecules for use in cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annemiek Uvyn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Marle Elisabeth Jacqueline Vleugels
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MB 5600, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Bas de Waal
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MB 5600, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ahmed Emad Ibrahim Hamouda
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - Shikha Dhiman
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MB 5600, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Benoit Louage
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
| | - Lorenzo Albertazzi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MB 5600, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Damya Laoui
- Laboratory of Dendritic Cell Biology and Cancer Immunotherapy, VIB Center for Inflammation Research, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Brussels, 1050, Belgium
| | - E W Meijer
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Institute for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven University of Technology, MB 5600, P.O. Box 513, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- School of Chemistry, RNA Institute, University of new South Wales, Sydney, NSW, 1050, Australia
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University, Ghent, 9000, Belgium
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2
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Ricardo MG, Seeberger PH. Merging Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis and Automated Glycan Assembly to Prepare Lipid-Peptide-Glycan Chimeras. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301678. [PMID: 37358020 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301678] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
Biomaterials with improved biological features can be obtained by conjugating glycans to nanostructured peptides. Creating peptide-glycan chimeras requires superb chemoselectivity. We expedite access to such chimeras by merging peptide and glycan solid-phase syntheses employing a bifunctional monosaccharide. The concept was explored in the context of the on-resin generation of a model α(1→6)tetramannoside linked to peptides, lipids, steroids, and adamantane. Chimeras containing a β(1→6)tetraglucoside and self-assembling peptides such as FF, FFKLVFF, and the amphiphile palmitoyl-VVVAAAKKK were prepared in a fully automated manner. The robust synthetic protocol requires a single purification step to obtain overall yields of about 20 %. The β(1→6)tetraglucoside FFKLVFF chimera produces micelles rather than nanofibers formed by the peptide alone as judged by microscopy and circular dichroism. The peptide amphiphile-glycan chimera forms a disperse fiber network, creating opportunities for new glycan-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel G Ricardo
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Peter H Seeberger
- Department of Biomolecular Systems, Max-Planck-Institute of Colloids and Interfaces, Am Muehlenberg 1, 14476, Potsdam, Germany
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universitaet Berlin, Arnimallee 22, 14195, Berlin, Germany
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3
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Aksakal R, Tonneaux C, Uvyn A, Fossépré M, Turgut H, Badi N, Surin M, De Geest BG, Du Prez FE. Sequence-defined antibody-recruiting macromolecules. Chem Sci 2023; 14:6572-6578. [PMID: 37350815 PMCID: PMC10284026 DOI: 10.1039/d3sc01507f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Antibody-recruiting molecules represent a novel class of therapeutic agents that mediate the recruitment of endogenous antibodies to target cells, leading to their elimination by the immune system. Compared to single-ligand copies, macromolecular scaffolds presenting multiple copies of an antibody-binding ligand offer advantages in terms of increased complex avidity. In this study, we describe the synthesis of sequence-defined macromolecules designed for antibody recruitment, utilising dinitrophenol (DNP) as a model antibody-recruiting motif. The use of discrete macromolecules gives access to varying the spacing between DNP motifs while maintaining the same chain length. This characteristic enables the investigation of structure-dependent binding interactions with anti-DNP antibodies. Through solid-phase thiolactone chemistry, we synthesised a series of oligomers with precisely localised DNP motifs along the backbone and a terminal biotin motif for surface immobilisation. Utilising biolayer interferometry analysis, we observed that oligomers with adjacent DNP motifs exhibited enhanced avidity for anti-DNP antibodies. Molecular modelling provided insights into the structures and dynamics of the various macromolecules, shedding light on the accessibility of the ligands to the antibodies. Overall, our findings highlight that the use of sequence-defined macromolecules can contribute to our understanding of structure-activity relationships and provide insights for the design of novel antibody-recruiting therapeutic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Resat Aksakal
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Corentin Tonneaux
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Annemiek Uvyn
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Mathieu Fossépré
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Hatice Turgut
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Nezha Badi
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Mathieu Surin
- Laboratory for Chemistry of Novel Materials, Center of Innovation and Research in Materials and Polymers (CIRMAP), University of Mons-UMONS 7000 Mons Belgium
| | - Bruno G De Geest
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Ghent University Ottergemsesteenweg 460 9000 Ghent Belgium
| | - Filip E Du Prez
- Polymer Chemistry Research Group, Centre of Macromolecular Chemistry (CMaC), Department of Organic and Macromolecular Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Ghent University 9000 Ghent Belgium
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Milawati H, Manabe Y, Matsumoto T, Tsutsui M, Ueda Y, Miura A, Kabayama K, Fukase K. Practical Antibody Recruiting by Metabolic Labeling with Caged Glycans. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202303750. [PMID: 37042088 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202303750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
We propose a de novo glycan display approach that combines metabolic labeling and a glycan-caging strategy as a facile editing method for cell-surface glycans. This method enables the introduction of antigen glycans onto cancer cells to induce immune responses through antibody recruiting. The caging strategy prevents the capture of α-rhamnose (an antigen glycan) by endogenous antibodies during the introduction of the glycan to the targeted cell surface, and subsequent uncaging successfully induces immune responses. Therefore, this study proposes a practical method for editing the cell-surface glycocalyx under promiscuous conditions, such as those in vivo, which paves the way for the development of glycan function analysis and regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hersa Milawati
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Manabe
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Takuya Matsumoto
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Masato Tsutsui
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Ueda
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University Gokasho, Uji, Kyoto, 611-0011, Japan
| | - Ayane Miura
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Kazuya Kabayama
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
| | - Koichi Fukase
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
- Forefront Research Center, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikaneyama, Toyonaka, Osaka, 560-0043, Japan
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5
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Kapcan E, Rullo AF. A covalent opsonization approach to enhance synthetic immunity against viral escape variants. Cell Rep Phys Sci 2023; 4:101258. [PMID: 36741337 PMCID: PMC9885534 DOI: 10.1016/j.xcrp.2023.101258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 12/11/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The sensitivity of therapeutic antibodies to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) viral "escape" mutations has inspired efforts to develop treatment strategies that are still effective in the face of rapidly mutating viral surface proteins. Here, we demonstrate a chemical strategy that enforces viral opsonization by natural serum antibodies. This strategy uses chimeric molecules that we call covalent viral opsonizers, which covalently label viral surface proteins, with synthetic antibody-binding ligands. As a proof of concept, we develop covalent viral opsonizers that covalently label the spike protein on SARS-CoV-2 using a "mutation-proof" small-molecule-binding ligand for anti-dinitrophenyl serum antibodies. In model assays, we observe that covalent viral opsonizers can rapidly and selectively covalently label the receptor-binding domain of both native and mutant spike proteins, leading to antibody opsonization. Opsonization mediated by this strategy is able to efficiently block the key binding domain interactions, in contrast to non-covalent analogs. We also show that covalent viral opsonizers enact targeted anti-viral phagocytotic immune function. This strategy has potential general utility for the rapid deployment of anti-viral synthetic immunotherapeutics at the onset of a new pandemic to reinforce vaccination and antibody engineering efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eden Kapcan
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Anthony F Rullo
- McMaster Immunology Research Centre (MIRC), McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Medicine, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, McMaster University, 1280 Main Street West, Hamilton, ON, Canada
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6
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Goyard D, Ortiz AMS, Boturyn D, Renaudet O. Multivalent glycocyclopeptides: conjugation methods and biological applications. Chem Soc Rev 2022; 51:8756-8783. [PMID: 36193815 PMCID: PMC9575389 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00640e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Click chemistry was extensively used to decorate synthetic multivalent scaffolds with glycans to mimic the cell surface glycocalyx and to develop applications in glycosciences. Conjugation methods such as oxime ligation, copper(I)-catalyzed alkyne-azide cycloaddition, thiol-ene coupling, squaramide coupling or Lansbury aspartylation proved particularly suitable to achieve this purpose. This review summarizes the synthetic strategies that can be used either in a stepwise manner or in an orthogonal one-pot approach, to conjugate multiple copies of identical or different glycans to cyclopeptide scaffolds (namely multivalent glycocyclopeptides) having different size, valency, geometry and molecular composition. The second part of this review will describe the potential of these structures to interact with various carbohydrate binding proteins or to stimulate immunity against tumor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | | | - Didier Boturyn
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
| | - Olivier Renaudet
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, DCM UMR 5250, F-38000 Grenoble, France.
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7
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Liu Z, Li X, Lu Z, Qin X, Hong H, Zhou Z, Pieters RJ, Shi J, Wu Z. Repurposing the Pentameric B-subunit of Shiga Toxin for Gb3-targeted Immunotherapy of Colorectal Cancer by Rhamnose Conjugation. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:2719-2729. [PMID: 35905973 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 07/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Globotriaosylceramide (Gb3 or CD77) is a tumor-associated carbohydrate antigen implicated in several types of cancer that serves as a potential cancer marker for developing target-specific diagnosis and therapy. However, the development of Gb3-targeted therapeutics has been challenging due to its carbohydrate nature. In the present work, taking advantage of its natural pentamer architecture and Gb3-specific targeting of shiga toxin B subunit (StxB), we constructed a pentameric antibody recruiting chimera by site-specifically conjugating StxB with the rhamnose hapten for immunotherapy of colorectal cancer. The Sortase A-catalyzed enzymatic tethering of rhamnose moieties to the C terminus of Stx1B and Stx2B had very moderate effect on their pentamer architectures and thus the resultant conjugates maintained the potent ability to bind to Gb3 antigen both immobilized on an assay plate and expressed on colorectal cancer cells. All StxB-rhamnose constructs were capable of efficiently mediating the binding of rhamnose antibodies onto HT29 colorectal cancer cells, which was further shown to be able to induce cancer cell lysis by eliciting potent antibody-dependent cellular cytotoxicity (ADCC) and complement-dependent cytotoxicity (CDC) in vitro. Finally, the best StxB-rhamnose conjugate, i.e. 1B-3R, was confirmed to be able to inhibit the colorectal tumor growth using a HT29-derived xenograft murine model. Taken together, our data demonstrated the potential of repurposing StxB as an excellent multivalent scaffold for developing Gb3-targeted biotherapeutics and StxB-rhamnose conjugates might be promising candidates for targeted immunotherapy of Gb3-related colorectal cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhicheng Liu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Xia Li
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhongkai Lu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Xinfang Qin
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Haofei Hong
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Zhifang Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China
| | - Roland J Pieters
- Department of Chemical Biology & Drug Discovery, Utrecht Institute for Pharmaceutical Sciences, Utrecht University, Universiteitsweg 99, 3584 CG, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jie Shi
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
| | - Zhimeng Wu
- Key Laboratory of Carbohydrate Chemistry & Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, School of Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, 214122, Wuxi, China.
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8
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Szponarski M, Gademann K. Antibody Recognition of Cancer Cells via Glycan Surface Engineering. Chembiochem 2022; 23:e202200125. [PMID: 35638149 PMCID: PMC9400979 DOI: 10.1002/cbic.202200125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Stimulation of the body's immune system toward tumor cells is now well recognized as a promising strategy in cancer therapy. Just behind cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies, small molecule‐based strategies are receiving growing attention as alternatives to direct immune response against tumor cells. However, the development of small‐molecule approaches to modulate the balance between stimulatory immune factors and suppressive factors in a targeted way remains a challenge. Here, we report the cell surface functionalization of LS174T cancer cells with an abiotic hapten to recruit antibodies to the cell surface. Metabolic glycoengineering followed by covalent reaction with the hapten results in antibody recognition of the target cells. Microscopy and flow cytometry studies provide compelling evidence that metabolic glycoengineering and small molecule stimulators can be combined to direct antibody recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Szponarski
- University of Zurich: Universitat Zurich, Department of Chemistry, SWITZERLAND
| | - Karl Gademann
- University of Zurich, Department of Chemistry, Winterthurerstrasse 190, CH-8057, Zurich, SWITZERLAND
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9
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Goyard D, Diriwari PI, Berthet N. Metabolic labelling of cancer cells with glycodendrimers stimulate immune-mediated cytotoxicity. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:72-78. [PMID: 35211675 PMCID: PMC8792828 DOI: 10.1039/d1md00262g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Accepted: 11/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The recruitment of antibody naturally present in human blood stream at the surface of cancer cells have been proved a promising immunotherapeutic strategy to fight cancer. Antibody recruiting molecules (ARMs) combining tumor and antibody binding modules have been developed for this purpose, however the formation of the interacting complex with both antibody and cell is difficult to optimize to stimulate immune-mediated cytotoxicity. To circumvent this limitation, we report herein a more direct approach combining cell metabolism of azido-sugar and bio-orthogonal click chemistry to conjugate at the cell glycocalyx structurally well-defined glycodendrimers as antibody binding module (ABM). We demonstrate that this strategy allows not only the recruitment of natural antibody at the surface of isolated cells or solid tumor models but also activate a cytotoxic response with human serum as unique source of immune effectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Goyard
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS DCM UMR 5250 F-38000 Grenoble France
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10
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Metrangolo V, Ploug M, Engelholm LH. The Urokinase Receptor (uPAR) as a "Trojan Horse" in Targeted Cancer Therapy: Challenges and Opportunities. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13215376. [PMID: 34771541 PMCID: PMC8582577 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13215376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Discovered more than three decades ago, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has now firmly established itself as a versatile molecular target holding promise for the treatment of aggressive malignancies. The copious abundance of uPAR in virtually all human cancerous tissues versus their healthy counterparts has fostered a gradual shift in the therapeutic landscape targeting this receptor from function inhibition to cytotoxic approaches to selectively eradicate the uPAR-expressing cells by delivering a targeted cytotoxic insult. Multiple avenues are being explored in a preclinical setting, including the more innovative immune- or stroma targeting therapies. This review discusses the current state of these strategies, their potentialities, and challenges, along with future directions in the field of uPAR targeting. Abstract One of the largest challenges to the implementation of precision oncology is identifying and validating selective tumor-driving targets to enhance the therapeutic efficacy while limiting off-target toxicity. In this context, the urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) has progressively emerged as a promising therapeutic target in the management of aggressive malignancies. By focalizing the plasminogen activation cascade and subsequent extracellular proteolysis on the cell surface of migrating cells, uPAR endows malignant cells with a high proteolytic and migratory potential to dissolve the restraining extracellular matrix (ECM) barriers and metastasize to distant sites. uPAR is also assumed to choreograph multiple other neoplastic stages via a complex molecular interplay with distinct cancer-associated signaling pathways. Accordingly, high uPAR expression is observed in virtually all human cancers and is frequently associated with poor patient prognosis and survival. The promising therapeutic potential unveiled by the pleiotropic nature of this receptor has prompted the development of distinct targeted intervention strategies. The present review will focus on recently emerged cytotoxic approaches emphasizing the novel technologies and related limits hindering their application in the clinical setting. Finally, future research directions and emerging opportunities in the field of uPAR targeting are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Virginia Metrangolo
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.M.); (M.P.)
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Michael Ploug
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.M.); (M.P.)
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Lars H. Engelholm
- The Finsen Laboratory, Rigshospitalet, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark; (V.M.); (M.P.)
- Biotech Research & Innovation Centre (BRIC), Department of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +45-31-43-20-77
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