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Wang YC, Feng S, Kong Y, Huang X, Liang W, Zhao Y. Electronic Couplings for Singlet Fission Processes Based on the Fragment Particle-Hole Densities. J Chem Theory Comput 2023. [PMID: 37296507 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.3c00243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
A new diabatization scheme is proposed to calculate the electronic couplings for the singlet fission process in multichromophoric systems. In this approach, a robust descriptor that treats single and multiple excitations on an equal footing is adopted to quantify the localization degree of the particle and hole densities of the electronic states. By maximally localizing the particles and holes in terms of predefined molecular fragments, quasi-diabatic states with well-defined characters (locally excited, charge transfer, correlated triplet pair, etc.) can be automatically constructed as the linear combinations of the adiabatic ones, and the electronic couplings can be directly obtained. This approach is very general in that it applies to electronic states with various spin multiplicities and can be combined with various kinds of preliminary electronic structure calculations. Due to the high numerical efficiency, it is able to manipulate more than 100 electronic states in diabatization. The applications to the tetracene dimer and trimer reveal that high-lying multiply excited charge transfer states have significant influences on both the formation and separation of the correlated triplet pair and can even enlarge the coupling for the latter process by 1 order of magnitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Chen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Shishi Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Kong
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Xunkun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - WanZhen Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, iChEM, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Theoretical and Computational Chemistry, and College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, People's Republic of China
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2
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Millington O, Montanaro S, Leventis A, Sharma A, Dowland SA, Sawhney N, Fallon KJ, Zeng W, Congrave DG, Musser AJ, Rao A, Bronstein H. Soluble Diphenylhexatriene Dimers for Intramolecular Singlet Fission with High Triplet Energy. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:2499-2510. [PMID: 36683341 PMCID: PMC9896565 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.2c12060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Intramolecular singlet fission (iSF) facilitates single-molecule exciton multiplication, converting an excited singlet state to a pair of triplet states within a single molecule. A critical parameter in determining the feasibility of SF-enhanced photovoltaic designs is the triplet energy; many existing iSF materials have triplet energies too low for efficient transfer to silicon via a photon multiplier scheme. In this work, a series of six novel dimers based upon the high-triplet-energy, SF-active chromophore, 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) [E(T1) ∼ 1.5 eV], were designed, synthesized, and characterized. Transient absorption spectroscopy and fluorescence lifetime studies reveal that five of the dimers display iSF activity, with time constants for singlet fission varying between 7 ± 2 ps and 2.2 ± 0.2 ns and a high triplet yield of 163 ± 63% in the best-performing dimer. A strong dependence of the rate of fission on the coupling geometry is demonstrated. For optimized iSF behavior, close spatial proximity and minimal through-bond communication are found to be crucial for balancing the rate of SF against the reverse recombination process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Millington
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.,Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | | | - Anastasia Leventis
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Ashish Sharma
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Simon A. Dowland
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Nipun Sawhney
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Kealan J. Fallon
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.,Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.
| | - Weixuan Zeng
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Daniel G. Congrave
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.
| | - Andrew J. Musser
- Department
of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Cornell
University, Baker Laboratory, Ithaca, New York14853, United States
| | - Akshay Rao
- Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.,
| | - Hugo Bronstein
- Department
of Chemistry, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB2 1EW, U.K.,Cavendish
Laboratory, University of Cambridge, CambridgeCB3 0HE, U.K.,
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Hong Y, Rudolf M, Kim M, Kim J, Schembri T, Krause AM, Shoyama K, Bialas D, Röhr MIS, Joo T, Kim H, Kim D, Würthner F. Steering the multiexciton generation in slip-stacked perylene dye array via exciton coupling. Nat Commun 2022; 13:4488. [PMID: 35918327 PMCID: PMC9345863 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-31958-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Dye arrays from dimers up to larger oligomers constitute the functional units of natural light harvesting systems as well as organic photonic and photovoltaic materials. Whilst in the past decades many photophysical studies were devoted to molecular dimers for deriving structure-property relationship to unravel the design principles for ideal optoelectronic materials, they fail to accomplish the subsequent processes of charge carrier generation or the detachment of two triplet species in singlet fission (SF). Here, we present a slip-stacked perylene bisimide trimer, which constitutes a bridge between hitherto studied dimer and solid-state materials, to investigate SF mechanisms. This work showcases multiple pathways towards the multiexciton state through direct or excimer-mediated mechanisms by depending upon interchromophoric interaction. These results suggest the comprehensive role of the exciton coupling, exciton delocalization, and excimer state to facilitate the SF process. In this regard, our observations expand the fundamental understanding the structure-property relationship in dye arrays. Understanding structure-property relationship of dye arrays is of great importance for designing organic photonic and photovoltaic materials. Here, authors present a slip-stacked perylene bisimide array as a model system to investigate singlet fission mechanisms by depending upon interchromophoric interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongseok Hong
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Maximilian Rudolf
- Universitat Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Munnyon Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea
| | - Juno Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Tim Schembri
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Ana-Maria Krause
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Kazutaka Shoyama
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - David Bialas
- Universitat Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany
| | - Merle I S Röhr
- Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
| | - Taiha Joo
- Department of Chemistry, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Hyungjun Kim
- Department of Chemistry and Research Institute of Basic Sciences, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.
| | - Dongho Kim
- Spectroscopy Laboratory for Functional π-Electronic Systems and Department of Chemistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722, Republic of Korea. .,Division of Energy Materials, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, 37673, Republic of Korea.
| | - Frank Würthner
- Universitat Würzburg, Institut für Organische Chemie, Am Hubland, 97074, Würzburg, Germany. .,Universität Würzburg, Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Theodor-Boveri Weg, 97074, Würzburg, Germany.
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4
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Sánchez-Mansilla A, Sousa C, Kathir RK, Broer R, Straatsma TP, de Graaf C. On the role of dynamic electron correlation in non-orthogonal configuration interaction with fragments. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2022; 24:11931-11944. [PMID: 35521680 DOI: 10.1039/d2cp00772j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two different approaches have been implemented to include the effect of dynamic electron correlation in the Non-Orthogonal Configuration Interaction for Fragments (NOCI-F) method. The first is based on shifting the diagonal matrix elements of the NOCI matrix, while the second incorporates the dynamic correlation explicitly in the fragment wave functions used to construct the many-electron basis functions of the NOCI. The two approaches are illustrated for the calculation of the electronic coupling relevant in singlet fission and the coupling of spin moments in organic radicals. Comparison of the calculated diabatic couplings, the NOCI energies and wave functions shows that dynamic electron correlation is not only efficiently but also effectively incorporated by the shifting approach and can largely affect the coupling between electronic states. Also, it brings the NOCI coupling of the spin moments in close agreement with benchmark calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sánchez-Mansilla
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - C Sousa
- Departament de Ciència de Materials i Química Física and Institut de Química Teòrica i Computacional, Universitat de Barcelona, Spain.
| | - R K Kathir
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - R Broer
- Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - T P Straatsma
- National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831-6373, USA.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, AL 35487-0336, USA
| | - C de Graaf
- Departament de Química Física i Inorgànica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Zernike Institute of Advanced Materials, University of Groningen, The Netherlands.,ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, Barcelona, Spain.
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5
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Altman AR, Refaely-Abramson S, da Jornada FH. Identifying Hidden Intracell Symmetries in Molecular Crystals and Their Impact for Multiexciton Generation. J Phys Chem Lett 2022; 13:747-753. [PMID: 35029407 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpclett.1c03540] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic molecular crystals are appealing for next-generation optoelectronic applications due to their multiexciton generation processes that can increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices. However, a general understanding of how crystal structures affect these processes is lacking, requiring computationally demanding calculations for each material. Here we present an approach to understand and classify organic crystals and elucidate multiexciton processes. We show that organic crystals that are composed of two sublattices are well-approximated by effective fictitious systems of higher translational symmetry. Within this framework, we derive hidden selection rules in crystal pentacene and predict that the bulk polymorph supports fast Coulomb-mediated singlet fission with a transition rate about 2 orders of magnitude faster than that of the thin-film polymorph, a result confirmed with many-body perturbation theory calculations. Our approach is based on density-functional theory calculations and provides design principles for the experimental and computational discovery of new materials with tailored excitonic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron R Altman
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
| | - Sivan Refaely-Abramson
- Department of Molecular Chemistry and Materials Science, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot 7610001, Israel
| | - Felipe H da Jornada
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, United States
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6
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Singh A, Humeniuk A, Röhr MIS. Energetics and optimal molecular packing for singlet fission in BN-doped perylenes: electronic adiabatic state basis screening. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2021; 23:16525-16536. [PMID: 34291783 DOI: 10.1039/d1cp01762d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Singlet fission has the potential to increase the efficiency of photovoltaic devices, but the design of suitable chromophores is notoriously difficult. Both the electronic properties of the monomer and the packing motif in the crystal have a big impact on the singlet fission efficiency. Using perylene as an example, it is shown that doping with boron and nitrogen not only helps to align the energy levels but also shifts the stacking position that is optimal for singlet fission. Among all perylene derivatives doped with one or two BN groups, we identify the most suitable isomer for singlet fission with the help of TD-DFT and CASPT2 calculations. The optimal relative disposition of the two monomer units in a cofacially stacked homodimer is explored using two semiempirical models for the singlet fission rate: The first one is the well-known diabatic frontier orbital model, while the second treats singlet fission as a non-adiabatic transition and approximates the rate as the length squared of the non-adiabatic coupling vector between eigenfunctions of the diabatic Hamiltonian.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anurag Singh
- Center for Nanosystems Chemistry, Julius-Maximilians-Universität Würzburg, Am Hubland, 97070, Würzburg, Germany.
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