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Wang J, Meng X, Yu M, Li X, Chen Z, Wang R, Fang J. A novel microfluidic system for enrichment of functional circulating tumor cells in cancer patient blood samples by combining cell size and invasiveness. Biosens Bioelectron 2023; 227:115159. [PMID: 36841114 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2023.115159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 01/29/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023]
Abstract
A highly invasive subpopulation of circulating tumor cells (CTCs) may constitute seeds for metastases, which are therefore considered functional CTCs. However, there are few effective strategies to detect CTCs based on invasive phenotypes. Herein, we focused on functional CTCs with high invasiveness and designed an integrated microfluidic system to differentiate the invasive potential of CTCs for more accurate metastasis prediction. By combining size-based enrichment and invasiveness-based analysis, the system managed to continuously remove most hemocytes by 8 μm gaps and analyze the invasiveness of the enriched CTCs by Matrigel loading. In addition to a device, a single pump and a Petri dish were included to provide an FBS gradient for driving cell invasion and maintain a long-term cell culture. The system successfully identified functional CTCs derived from different types of cancer patients, including colorectal, kidney and bladder cancer patients, using whole blood without any sample pretreatment process. Within 28 cases of colorectal cancer patients, functional CTCs were detected in 61.54% of patients with metastases, along with stronger invasiveness evaluated by migration/invasion distance than those from patients without metastases (P < 0.05). Furthermore, one bladder cancer patient was diagnosed with recurrence six months after detection, indicating the excellent value for cancer metastases prediction. In addition, great phenotypic heterogeneity of CTCs was also observed at the single-cell level, including invasion, proliferation and dormancy, which provided an effective strategy for metastasis prediction based on CTC function as a single cell.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xianmeng Meng
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Min Yu
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Xin Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Cancer Hospital of China Medical University, No. 44 Xiaoheyan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110042, PR China
| | - Zhezhou Chen
- Department of Emergency Laboratory, The First People's Hospital of Shenyang, No. 67 Qingquan Road, Dadong District, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110041, PR China
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China
| | - Jin Fang
- Department of Cell Biology, Key Laboratory of Cell Biology, Ministry of Public Health, Key Laboratory of Medical Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, China Medical University, No.77 Puhe Road, Shenyang North New Area, Shenyang, Liaoning Province, 110122, PR China.
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Liu Y, Vieira RMS, Mao L. Simultaneous and Multimodal Antigen-Binding Profiling and Isolation of Rare Cells via Quantitative Ferrohydrodynamic Cell Separation. ACS Nano 2023; 17:94-110. [PMID: 36541668 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.2c04542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Simultaneous cell profiling and isolation based on cellular antigen-binding capacity plays an important role in understanding and treating diseases. However, fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) and magnetic-activated cell sorting (MACS) are not able to meet this need, due to their requirement for a large quantity of target cells and the limitation stemming from bimodal separation. Here we report a microfluidic method, termed quantitative ferrohydrodynamic cell separation (qFCS), that achieved multimodal rare cell sorting and simultaneous antigen profiling at a ∼30,000 cell min-1 throughput with a 96.49% recovery rate and a 98.72% purity of recovered cells. qFCS profiles and sorts cells via cellular magnetic content of the magnetically labeled cells, which correlates to cellular antigen-binding capacity. By integrating cellular magnetophoresis and diamagnetophoresis in biocompatible ferrofluids, we demonstrate that the resulting qFCS device can accurately profile and isolate rare cells even when present at ∼1:50,000 target to background cells frequency. We show that the qFCS device could accurately profile and isolate T lymphocytes based on a low-expression CD154 antigen and allow on-device analysis of cells after processing. This method could address the need for simultaneous and multimodal rare cell isolation and profiling in disease diagnostics, prognostics, and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Liu
- Department of Chemistry, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
| | - Rafaela Maggioni Simoes Vieira
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, The University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida32611, United States
| | - Leidong Mao
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, The University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia30602, United States
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Piao J, Liu L, Cai L, Ri HC, Jin X, Sun H, Piao X, Shang HB, Jin X, Pu Q, Cai Y, Yao Z, Nardiello D, Quinto M, Li D. High-Resolution Micro-object Separation by Rotating Magnetic Chromatography. Anal Chem 2022; 94:11500-11507. [PMID: 35943850 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c01385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The development of new technologies for the separation, selection, and isolation of microparticles such as rare target cells, circulating tumor cells, cancer stem cells, and immune cells has become increasingly important in the last few years. Microparticle separation technologies are usually applied to the analysis of disease-associated cells, but these procedures often face a cell separation problem that is often insufficient for single specific cell analyses. To overcome these limitations, a highly accurate size-based microparticle separation technique, herein called "rotating magnetic chromatography", is proposed in this work. Magnetic nanoparticles, placed in a microfluidic separation channel, are forced to move in well-defined trajectories by an external magnetic field, colliding with microparticles that are in this way separated on the basis of their dimensions with high accuracy and reproducibility. The method was optimized by using fluorescein isothiocyanate-modified polystyrene particles (chosen as a reference standard) and then applied to the analysis of cancer cells like Hep-3B and SK-Hep-1, allowing their fast and high-resolution chromatographic separation as a function of their dimensions. Due to its unmatched sub-micrometer cell separation capabilities, RMC can be considered a break-through technique that can unlock new perspectives in different scientific fields, that is, in medical oncology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jishou Piao
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Lu Liu
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Long Cai
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hyok Chol Ri
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiangzi Jin
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Huaze Sun
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xiangfan Piao
- Engineering College Department of Electronics, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Hai-Bo Shang
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Xuejun Jin
- College of Pharmacy, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
| | - Qiaosheng Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Applied Organic Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China
| | - Yong Cai
- College of Life Science, Jilin University, Changchun City, Jilin province 130012, China
| | - Zhongping Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Chirosciences, Food Safety and Technology Research Centre and Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR 999077, China
| | - Donatella Nardiello
- DAFNE─Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Quinto
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China.,DAFNE─Department of Agriculture, Food, Natural resources and Engineering, University of Foggia, Via Napoli 25, I-71122 Foggia, Italy
| | - Donghao Li
- Department of Chemistry, Yanbian University, Park Road 977, Yanji City, Jilin Province 133002, China
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Zhu Z, Li S, Wu D, Ren H, Ni C, Wang C, Xiang N, Ni Z. High-throughput and label-free enrichment of malignant tumor cells and clusters from pleural and peritoneal effusions using inertial microfluidics. Lab Chip 2022; 22:2097-2106. [PMID: 35441644 DOI: 10.1039/d2lc00082b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Accurate and rapid diagnosis of malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions is critical due to potential association with advanced disease stages or progression. Traditional cytodiagnosis suffers from low efficiency and has difficulties in finding malignant tumor cells (MTCs) from a mass of exfoliated cells. Hence, a polymer microfluidic chip with a slanted spiral channel was employed for high-throughput and label-free enrichment of MTCs and MTC clusters from clinical malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions. The slanted spiral channel with trapezoidal cross-sections was fabricated by assembling two patterned polymer films of different thicknesses within one flow channel layer. After systematically exploring the effects of the particle size, effusion concentration, and flow rate on separation performance of the device, we realized the enrichment of MTCs from abundant blood cells in 2-fold diluted effusions. The results indicated that approximately 85% of the spiked tumor cells (A549 and MCF-7 cell lines) were recovered with high purities of over 37% at a high throughput of 2000 μL min-1. In clinical applications, we successfully enriched 24-2691 MTCs per mL from the diluted malignant pleural and peritoneal effusions collected from four types of cancer patients (n = 22). More importantly, the MTC clusters were further purified from single MTCs using a higher flow rate of 3000 μL min-1. Finally, we performed the rapid drug sensitivity test by coupling the microfluidic enrichment with CCK-8 assay. Our approach may serve as valuable assistance to accelerate cancer diagnosis and guide the selection of treatment medications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhixian Zhu
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Shuang Li
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Dan Wu
- Department of Oncology, Jiangyin People's Hospital, Jiangyin, 214400, China
| | - Hui Ren
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Chen Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Cailian Wang
- Department of Oncology, Zhongda Hospital, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, China.
| | - Nan Xiang
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
| | - Zhonghua Ni
- School of Mechanical Engineering, and, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Design and Manufacture of Micro-Nano Biomedical Instruments, Southeast University, Nanjing, 211189, China.
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Zhou WM, Yan YY, Guo QR, Ji H, Wang H, Xu TT, Makabel B, Pilarsky C, He G, Yu XY, Zhang JY. Microfluidics applications for high-throughput single cell sequencing. J Nanobiotechnology 2021; 19:312. [PMID: 34635104 PMCID: PMC8507141 DOI: 10.1186/s12951-021-01045-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The inherent heterogeneity of individual cells in cell populations plays significant roles in disease development and progression, which is critical for disease diagnosis and treatment. Substantial evidences show that the majority of traditional gene profiling methods mask the difference of individual cells. Single cell sequencing can provide data to characterize the inherent heterogeneity of individual cells, and reveal complex and rare cell populations. Different microfluidic technologies have emerged for single cell researches and become the frontiers and hot topics over the past decade. In this review article, we introduce the processes of single cell sequencing, and review the principles of microfluidics for single cell analysis. Also, we discuss the common high-throughput single cell sequencing technologies along with their advantages and disadvantages. Lastly, microfluidics applications in single cell sequencing technology for the diagnosis of cancers and immune system diseases are briefly illustrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen-Min Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Yan Yan
- School of Medicine, Shanxi Datong University, Datong, 037009, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiao-Ru Guo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hong Ji
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui Wang
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Tian-Tian Xu
- Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics/Guangzhou Women and Children's Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510623, People's Republic of China
| | - Bolat Makabel
- Xinjiang Institute of Materia Medica, Urumqi, 830004, People's Republic of China
| | - Christian Pilarsky
- Department of Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nuremberg (FAU), University Hospital of Erlangen, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Gen He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xi-Yong Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
| | - Jian-Ye Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Target & Clinical Pharmacology , The State & NMPA Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences & the Fifth Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 511436, People's Republic of China.
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