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Hagiwara K, Murakami T, Xue G, Shimizu Y, Takeda E, Hashimoto Y, Honda K, Kondoh Y, Osada H, Tsunetsugu-Yokota Y, Aida Y. Identification of a novel Vpr-binding compound that inhibits HIV-1 multiplication in macrophages by chemical array. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2010; 403:40-5. [PMID: 21036153 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2010.10.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2010] [Accepted: 10/22/2010] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Although HIV-1 replication can be controlled by highly active anti-retroviral therapy (HAART) using protease and reverse transcriptase inhibitors, the development of multidrug-resistant viruses compromises the efficacy of HAART. Thus, it is necessary to develop new drugs with novel targets. To identify new anti-HIV-1 compounds, recombinant Vpr was purified from transfected COS-7 cells and used to screen compounds by chemical array to identify those that bound Vpr. From this screen, 108 compounds were selected as positive for Vpr binding. Among these, one structurally similar group of four compounds showed anti-HIV activity in macrophages. In particular, compound SIP-1 had high inhibition activity and reduced the levels of p24 by more than 98% in macrophages after 8 or 12 days of infection. SIP-1 had no cytotoxic effects and did not disrupt cell cycle progression or induce apoptosis of Molt-4 and HeLa cell lines as measured by MTT assay, flow-cytometry analysis, and a caspase-3 assay. In addition, SIP-1 specifically bound to Vpr as assessed by photo-cross-linked small-molecule affinity beads. These results suggest that Vpr is a good target for the development of compounds that could potentially inhibit HIV-1 replication. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that chemical array is a useful method for screening anti-viral compounds.
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Bakkour N, Lin YL, Maire S, Ayadi L, Mahuteau-Betzer F, Nguyen CH, Mettling C, Portales P, Grierson D, Chabot B, Jeanteur P, Branlant C, Corbeau P, Tazi J. Small-molecule inhibition of HIV pre-mRNA splicing as a novel antiretroviral therapy to overcome drug resistance. PLoS Pathog 2008; 3:1530-9. [PMID: 17967062 PMCID: PMC2042022 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.0030159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2007] [Accepted: 09/14/2007] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The development of multidrug-resistant viruses compromises antiretroviral therapy efficacy and limits therapeutic options. Therefore, it is an ongoing task to identify new targets for antiretroviral therapy and to develop new drugs. Here, we show that an indole derivative (IDC16) that interferes with exonic splicing enhancer activity of the SR protein splicing factor SF2/ASF suppresses the production of key viral proteins, thereby compromising subsequent synthesis of full-length HIV-1 pre-mRNA and assembly of infectious particles. IDC16 inhibits replication of macrophage- and T cell-tropic laboratory strains, clinical isolates, and strains with high-level resistance to inhibitors of viral protease and reverse transcriptase. Importantly, drug treatment of primary blood cells did not alter splicing profiles of endogenous genes involved in cell cycle transition and apoptosis. Thus, human splicing factors represent novel and promising drug targets for the development of antiretroviral therapies, particularly for the inhibition of multidrug-resistant viruses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadia Bakkour
- Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Yea-Lih Lin
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Genetique Humaine, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Sophie Maire
- Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Lilia Ayadi
- Université Henri Poincare-Nancy I, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- CNRS, UMR 7567, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | | | - Chi Hung Nguyen
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-chimie, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- CNRS-UMR 176, Orsay, France
| | - Clément Mettling
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Genetique Humaine, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Pierre Portales
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Genetique Humaine, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - David Grierson
- Laboratoire de Pharmaco-chimie, Institut Curie, Orsay, France
- CNRS-UMR 176, Orsay, France
| | - Benoit Chabot
- Département de Microbiologie et d'Infectiologie, Faculté de Médecine et des Sciences de la Santé, Université de Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, Québec, Canada
| | - Philippe Jeanteur
- Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
| | - Christiane Branlant
- Université Henri Poincare-Nancy I, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
- CNRS, UMR 7567, Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, France
| | - Pierre Corbeau
- Laboratoire d'Immunologie CHU de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Genetique Humaine, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UPR1142, Montpellier, France
| | - Jamal Tazi
- Université de Montpellier II, Montpellier, France
- Institut de Génétique Moléculaire de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
- CNRS, UMR 5535, Montpellier, France
- * To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
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