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Abbate JM, Palazzolo S, Ieni A, Rapisarda GS, Lanteri G. Cutaneous Malignant Melanoma with Testicular Metastases in a Wild Rabbit ( Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Sci 2023; 10:471. [PMID: 37505875 PMCID: PMC10384966 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 07/14/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Melanocytic skin tumours have been rarely described in pet rabbits, and exposure to UV light in sparsely haired areas has been hypothesised to play a cancerogenic role. Here, we describe a case of cutaneous malignant melanoma arising from the skin of the scrotum in an 8-year-old male wild rabbit, with testicular metastases as an unusual metastatic site for melanoma reported in humans to date. The tumour was nearly 5 cm in size, firm, and highly pigmented, with multifocal superficial ulcerations and large areas of intratumoural necrosis. The adjacent testis was 1.5 cm, multinodular, and black, obscuring tissue morphology. Histologically, the dermis was expanded by an infiltrative, densely cellular neoplasm composed of nests and sheets of polygonal to spindle neoplastic melanocytes, supported by scant fibrovascular stroma. Neoplastic cells showed intermediate N/C ratio, moderate basophilic cytoplasm, often obscured by abundant brownish granular pigment, and eccentric nuclei with prominent nucleoli. Cellular pleomorphism and nuclear atypia were severe, and high mitotic activity was observed. Diffuse dermal lymphovascular invasion was also observed. The testis was delimited by a thin tunica albuginea, and the parenchyma was largely obscured in its morphology by densely packed neoplastic cells. Seminiferous tubules, lined with a thin basement membrane and containing neoplastic and scattered spermatogenic cells, were occasionally observed. Neoplastic cells within the skin and the testis were positive for HMB-45, Melan-A, and S-100. The growing popularity of rabbits as pets allows for a greater ability to accumulate data on the spontaneous occurrence of tumours in these animals. Furthermore, descriptions of the biological aspects of spontaneously occurring tumours may serve to improve current knowledge in animal species and humans in which the same neoplasm may occur.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Maria Abbate
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Annunziata, 98168 Messina, Italy
| | - Simone Palazzolo
- University School for Advanced Studies IUSS Pavia, Piazza della Vittoria, 27100 Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Ieni
- Department of Human Pathology of Adult and Evolutive Age "Gaetano Barresi", Section of Pathology, University of Messina, 98125 Messina, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Santi Rapisarda
- Department of Veterinary Prevention, Provincial Health Authority of Catania, 95030 Catania, Italy
| | - Giovanni Lanteri
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Polo Universitario Papardo, 98166 Messina, Italy
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Martínez-Caro J, Vilalta L, Rosell J, Meléndez-Lazo A. What is your diagnosis? Testicular mass in a pet rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). Vet Clin Pathol 2023; 52 Suppl 2:155-158. [PMID: 36609856 DOI: 10.1111/vcp.13185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Laura Vilalta
- Hospital Veterinario UCV, Valencia, Spain.,Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Hospital Veterinari Canis, Girona, Spain
| | - Jorge Rosell
- Departamento Producción Animal y Salud pública, Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain.,Instituto Valenciano de Patología (IVP), Facultad de Veterinaria y Ciencias Experimentales, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain
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Abstract
With increasing numbers of pet rabbits living out their natural lifespan, rabbit oncology is stepping more and more into the limelight. On the other hand, rabbit tumors are less covered in recent editions of textbooks of veterinary pathology than before. We present 1238 cases with neoplastic and non-neoplastic masses in rabbit tissue, submitted from 2008 to 2019, supplemented by a review of the literature on neoplasms in rabbits. Cutaneous masses comprised 47% of submissions. Trichoblastoma was by far the most common skin neoplasm, and nodular suppurative panniculitis was the second most frequent skin nodule in this series. Epithelial as well as mesenchymal cutaneous neoplasms can be virally induced in rabbits (eg, Shope papilloma, myxomatosis) but were infrequent in the current cases. Mammary neoplasms comprised 21% of submitted masses and 94% of these had histologic features of malignancy. Tumors of the female reproductive tract were responsible for 9% of biopsies and were predominantly uterine adenocarcinoma. Polypoid proliferation of rectal mucosa was the most common lesion in the alimentary tract. A broad spectrum of other neoplasms was described, including sarcomas at vaccination sites and ocular posttraumatic sarcomas, comparable to lesions described in cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Berit Baum
- Vet Med Labor GmbH, Kornwestheim, Germany
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Bertram CA, Bertram B, Bartel A, Ewringmann A, Fragoso-Garcia MA, Erickson NA, Müller K, Klopfleisch R. Neoplasia and Tumor-Like Lesions in Pet Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculus): A Retrospective Analysis of Cases Between 1995 and 2019. Vet Pathol 2020; 58:901-911. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985820973460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prevalence and age distribution of tumors is largely unknown in pet rabbits. Currently available studies focused on specific organ systems or specific tumor types and never covered a comparative examination of all tumor types. Previous studies on laboratory rabbits suggested a low tumor prevalence but were mostly limited to young adult animals. In the present study, all tumor types and several tumor-like lesions of all organ systems were analyzed retrospectively in archived pet rabbit samples of all ages. Cases included necropsy cases ( n = 2,014) or postmortem tissue samples ( n = 102) as well as surgical biopsies ( n = 854). All lesions suspicious of neoplasia were reevaluated by histopathology and, when indicated, by immunohistochemistry. Necropsy cases had a tumor prevalence of 14.4% in both sexes or 19.8% in female intact rabbits of all age groups, and up to 47.2% or 66.7%, respectively, in rabbits older than 6 years. Overall, the most common tumor types were uterine adenocarcinoma (prevalence in female intact animals: 13.1%), lymphoma (prevalence: 2.8%), and thymoma (prevalence: 2.1%). Lymphoma, the most common tumor of rabbits ≤24 months of age, were of B-cell immunophenotype in 96% of cases and most commonly located in the lymph nodes (57%), gastrointestinal tract (54%), kidneys (48%), spleen (42%), and liver (41%). Tumors accounted for 81.1% of surgical biopsies and mostly comprised cutaneous, mammary, and uterine tumors. In conclusion, tumor types and prevalence varied significantly with respect to age, revealing some differences from previous studies on laboratory rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Anja Ewringmann
- Praxis für kleine Heimtiere Dr. Anja Ewringmann, Berlin, Germany
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Abstract
The review covers select disease conditions most frequently described in aging rodents (rats, mice, hamsters, guinea pigs), rabbits, and ferrets. The conditions are categorized by general organ systems, infectious diseases, and neoplasms. Two data systems, the Veterinary Medical Teaching Hospital and Comparative Pathology Laboratory at the University of California, Davis and Zoo/Exotic Pathology Service, Citrus Heights, California were used in the determining disease conditions to describe.
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Affiliation(s)
- Drury R Reavill
- ZNLabs Veterinary Diagnostics, 7647 Wachtel Way, Citrus Heights, CA 95610, USA.
| | - Denise M Imai
- Comparative Pathology Laboratory, University of California, 1000 Old Davis Road, Building R1, Davis, CA 95616, USA
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Reineking W, Seehusen F, Lehmbecker A, Wohlsein P. Predominance of Granular Cell Tumours among Testicular Tumours of Rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi f. dom.). J Comp Pathol 2019; 173:24-29. [PMID: 31812170 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcpa.2019.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2019] [Revised: 09/17/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Testicular neoplasms are reported rarely in pet and laboratory rabbits (Oryctolagus cuniculi f. dom.), with interstitial cell tumours being the most commonly described testicular neoplasm. In this retrospective study, paraffin wax-embedded testicles with neoplastic changes from 52 rabbits were investigated. Five out of 52 animals exhibited more than one tumour type, resulting in a total of 57 tumours. Granular cell tumours were the most prevalent neoplasm with 36 examples (63%) out of the 57 testicular tumours. Interstitial cell tumours, Sertoli cell tumours and seminomas occurred less frequently. Granular cell tumours of the testis are rare in rabbits. Histological similarities between granular cell and interstitial cell (Leydig cell) tumours in haematoxylin and eosin-stained tissue sections may lead to misdiagnoses. The periodic acid-Schiff reaction or immunohistochemistry for periaxin and S100 protein, as well as ultrastructural analysis, are useful methods to confirm the diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Reineking
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - F Seehusen
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - A Lehmbecker
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - P Wohlsein
- Department of Pathology, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany.
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